Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Terms
Definitions
investigate
criminal investigation
deductive reasoning
criminalistics
specialists trained in
recording, identifying, and
interpreting the minute
details of physical evidence
criminalist
forensic science
crime
felony
misdemeanor
criminal statute
ordinance
criminal intent
purposely performing an
unlawful act or knowing an
act to be illegal
modus operandi; MO
leads
culturally adroit
inductive reasoning
intuition
spontaneous statementv
made at the time of a crime
concerning and closely
related to actions involved in
hot spots
data mining
community policing
exculpatory evidence
immersive imaging
360-degree photographic
view
resolution
pixel
megapixel
PPI
marker
anything used in a
photograph to show accurate
or relative size
overlapping
forensic photogrammetry
the techniqueo f
extrapolating threedimensional measurements
from 2d photographs
trap photography
surveillance photography;
can prove that an incident
occurred and can help
identify suspects and
weapons
Pictometry
microphotography
macrophotography
laser-beam photography
ultraviolet-light photography
mug shots
rogues' galery
backing
material photograph
relevant photograph
competent photograph
sketch
rough sketch
scale
rectangular-coordinate method
baseline method
triangulation
compass-point method
cross-projection sketch
legend
disposition
chronological order
narrative
content
what is said
form
how it is written
conclusionary language
denotative
connotative
slanting
concise
mechanics
spelling, capitalization,
punctuation
past tense
first person
active voice
Terms
Definitions
Alabama v. White
Andreson v. Maryland
Arizona v. Evans
Arizona v. Fulminante
Arizona v. Gant
Arizona v. Mauro
Arizona v. Roberson
Arkansas v. Sanders
Ashcroft v. al-Kidd
Berkemer v. McCarty
Brendlin v. California
Brewer v. Williams
Brown v. Mississippi
California v. Acevedo
California v. Greenwood
California v. Hodari D.
Chambers v. Maroney
Chicago v. Morales
Chimel v. California
Connally v. Georgia
Connecticut v. Barrett
Edwards v. Arizona
Fare v. Michael C.
Florida v. Bostick
Florida v. J.L.
Florida v. Jimeno
Floriday v. Royer
Franks v. Delaware
Georgia v. Randolph
Griffin v. Wisconsin
Hudson v. Michigan
Illinois v. Caballes
Illinois v. Gates
Illinois v. Krull
Illinois v. Lidster
Illinois v. Rodriguez
Illinois v. Wardlow
Indianapolis v. Edmond
Kentucky v. King
Knowles v. Iowa
Kuhlmann v. Wilson
Obtaining, by sense-enhancing
technology, any information
regarding the interior of a home,
that could not otherwise be obtained
without physical intrusion into a
constitutionally protected area,
constitutes a search. At least where,
as here, the technology in question
is not in general public use.
[Decision appears to adopt
O'Connor's empirical analysis from
Riley]. Not clear if this holding is
restricted to houses.
Maine v. Moulton
Mapp v. Ohio
Maryland v. Bouie
Maryland v. Pringle
Maryland v. Shatzer
Maryland v. Wilson
Michigan v. Mosley
Michigan v. Summers
Michigan v. Tucker
Mincey v. Arizona
Minnesota v. Carter
Minnesota v. Murphy
Minnick v. Mississippi
Miranda v. Arizona
Missouri v. Seibert
Moran v. Burbine
Muehler v. Mena
O'Connor v. Ortega
Oregon v. Bradshaw
Oregon v. Elstead
Pennsylvania v. Muniz
Rakas v. Illinois
Richards v. Wisconsin
Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
Smith v. Illinois
Smith v. Maryland
Stansbury v. California
Terry v. Ohio
Determination of reasonable
suspicion is a totality of the
circumstances analysis to see
whether the detaining officer has a
particularized and objective basis
for suspecting legal wrongdoing.
Example of the Ornelas standard de novo with deference.
United States v. Di Re
No reasonable expectation of
privacy when traveling a public
roadway.
Virginia v. Moore
Watts v. Indiana
Welsh v. Wisconsin
Whiteley v. Warden
Wilson v. Layne
Wyoming v. Houghton
Wyrick v. Fields
The Constable
25 years
Modern Policing
Prime Minister,knighted
August Vollmer
What is forensics?
Criminalistics
Mathieu Orfila(1787-1853)
Hans Gross(1848-1915)
Alphonse Bertillon(1853-1914)
Francis Galton(1822-1911)
Albert S. Osborn(1858-1946)
Edmond Locard(1877-1966)
Leone Lattes(1887-1954)
Alec Jeffreys(1950-)
Marshal's Service
Secret Service
FBI
DEA
What is relevance?
Oath or Affirmation
Yes.
yes
Reasonable Suspicion
Hans Gross
Alphonse Betrillon
Francis Galton
Albert Osborn
-questioned documents
Edmond Locard
Leone Lattes
Calvin Goddard
73%
Posse Comitatus
200 Years
Statute of Winchester
-1285
-required all towns to have men on
the streets after dark to provide for
safety of travelers and the town's
inhabitants
-required citizens to come to the aid
of night watchmen whenever they
gave the "hue and cry" for
assistance
-required all males between the ages
of 15 and 60 to keep arms for the
purpose of rendering aid and
subduing offenders
Night Watchmen
Thief Takers
Marshal's Service
Fourth Amendment
-consent searches
-stop and frisks
-plain view exceptions
-searches incident to a lawful arrest
-motor vehicle stops
-open fields
-emergency circumstances
Extigent Circumstances
Exclusionary Rule
-consensual
-investigative detention or stop
-arrest
Wanted Notice
Organization
Case Preparation
Case Synopsis
Corpus Delecti
-affirmative evidence
-"body of crime"
-time and date of the crime and the
jurisdiction where it occurred
-name of the accused
-elements of the offense
-specification of the criminal
agency (method) used to commit
the crime, and the name of the
victim
Negative Evidence
August Vollmer
Patronage
Toxicology
Criminology
Consent Search
Prosecutor
Criminal Investigation
Neutralize
Destruction of evidence
Retroactive Inference
Chronological log
1/3
Systematic
Evidence; Selective
Single-officer search
Crime Scene
grid search
Chain of Custody
Continuity of possession,
________, must be established
when evidence is offered in court as
an exhibit.
Packaged
Criminalistics
Schmerber
Mispelled
Fifth Amendment
Investigator
Investigator
Prosecutor
Case
Final survey
Field notes
Memoranda
Record, transmit
Corpus Delecti
Size
Discovery
First officer
Revenge
Strip
Broadcast alarm
Direct evidence
Class evidence
Individual evidence
Individual evidence
Ballistics
Interior ballistics
Proof marks
Exothermic Reaction
Blood
Luminol
Bluestar
Precipitin Test
Gel Diffusion
Bloodstains
Imprints
Impressions
Fingerprints
Contaminated Prints
Plastic Prints
Latent Prints
55
Root Bulb
Microscopic Analysis
Caucasian
African
Natural
Synthetic
Comparison Microscope
Microspectrophotometer
Radial Fracture
Concentric Fracture
Glass
Paint
Questioned Document
Charred
Age/Sex
Dusting Process
Forensic Scientists
Criminalistics
Set Theory
Identification in criminalistics is
aligned with the logic of what? This
states that all objects can be divided
and subdivided onto various sets on
the basis of their properties.
Ciminalistics
DNA
Nucleotides
Sequence
Genome
Alleles
Contaminated
Allele
DNA
Human
23
Mother
90
Criminalist
Spectrography
Spectrum
Chromatography
X-ray crystallography
X-ray diffraction
Distinctive "signatures'" of
handguns, tools, and other metal
objects are now available to
investigators through what
innovative technique?
Ultrasonic Cavitation
Lasers
Voiceprinting
Cryptography
Substitution Ciphers
Transposition Ciphers
Spectrograph
Criminalist
Victim
Field Contact
Developing Leads
The Investigation
Passive information
Benefit
Opportunity
Alibi
Knowledge
Vehicle
Identifiable Items
Recovery
Modus Operandi
Signature
1994
Ten
California
Mug Shots
Identi-Kit
- Neighborhood Friendships
- Juvenile Hall and Prison Contacts
- Family Relationships
- Coethnic Contacts
- Buyer-Seller Interactions
- Lovers
- Hatred
- Revenge
Shills
Covert Informants
Accomplice Witness
Surveillance
Visual Surveillance
Audio Surveillance
Places
Participant Monitoring
Contact Surveillance
- Needs
- Collection
- Evaluation and Collation
- Analysis-interpretation
- Dissemination
- Reevaluation
Photographic Lineup
Composites
Field Lineup
Basic Lead
Interview
What is a person-to-person
conversation for the purpose of
obtaining information about a crime
or its circumstances?
Verbal
An interview is an interactive
process that involves the
interpretation of both visual and
what input?
Deception
80%
Rapport Building
Rapport
First Step
Second Step
Third Step
125
65%
Active Involvement
50%
- Comfort/Discomfort
- Emphasis
- Synchrony
- Perception Management
Comfort or Discomfort
Deceptive
Perception Management
90%
- Pneumograph
- Galvanograph
- Cardiograph
Pneumograph
Galvanograph
Cardiograph
Least Dependable
Human Anantomy
Peak-of-tension
Cognitive interviewing
Independently
Statements
Accurate
Structured
Unlike an interview, an
interrogation is highly ____.
Brown v Mississippi
Ward v Texas
Fikes v Alabama
Ashcraft v Tennessee
Haley v Ohio
Mincey v Arizona
Townsend v Sain
Fishing Expedition
A thorough investigation is
important because the suspect is
going to know if the investigator is
not prepared and only on a "____
_____."
Emotional Offender
Nonemotional Offender
It captures exactly what happened during the interrogation What is the strength of video
process.
recording an interrogation?
Clock on the wall
Technology
Credibility
Competency
Comfort
Emotional
Crimes of Violence
- by others
- self-inflicted injury
- physical abuse of children
The Person
Second-degree murder
Manslaughter
Involuntary Manslaughter
Voluntary Manslaughter
First Degree
Criminal Agency
Foul Play
Suspicious Death
Autopsy
- Cause of death
- What means caused the death
- Was the homicide excuseable or justified
- Who was responsible for the death
Autopsy Surgeon
The Police
Incised Wounds
Lacerated Wounds
Contusions
Abrasions
Gunshot Wounds
Antemortem
Age of wound
- body temperature
- lividity
- rigor mortis
- Cause of death
- If a weapon or substance caused death, or the nature of
the fatal injuries
- Time of death in relation to the wound
- Whether the scene where the body was found, is the
death scene
- Evidence of chronic illness or other disease
- Evidence of blood, hair, or skin, other than the victim's
- Evidence of sexual knowledge or deviance
Toxicologist
- Manner of Death
- Preceding manifestations of illness and pain
- Investigation at the death scene if foul play is expected
Characteristics
- Fingerprints
- Dental Work
- Bones
- Surgical Procedures
Ante mortem
22
Window of Death
Algor Mortis
18-20
Rigor mortis
2 to 3
Postmortem Lividity
Postmortem Lividity
- Time of Death
- Indicate change of position or movement
- Autolysis
- Bacterial Action
Decomposition, or putrefaction,
begins at the time of death as a
result of what two processes?
Autolysis
2 months
Exhumation
- Crime Scene
- Postscene
- Lead Development
- Identification and Arrest
- Case Preparation
Anger Killing
Multicide
Spree Murder
Serial Murder
Hedonistic Killer
Organized Offenders
Disorganized Offenders
Stalking
Celebrity Stalker
Lust Stalker
Hit Stalker
Love-Scorned Stalker
Domestic Stalker
Political Stalker
Assault
Aggravated Assault
Violent Injury
Dying Declaration
Altercation
- The Scene
- Dispute Origin
- Weapon
- Negative Evidence
Child Abuse
10
Immersion burns
Contact Burns
Retinal Hemorrhage
Pathologist
Forcible Rape
Aggravated Rape
Forcible Rape
40%
Power
Mistaken Identity
Consent
Statutory Rape
Exhibitionism
Scatophilia
Frottage
Incest
Psychological Incest
Pedophile
Love of children
Computers
Runaway
Diaper Squad
Hustling
Robbery
Extortion
Badger Game
Ambush Robbery
Selective-Raid Robbery
Planned-Operation Robbery
Backup Person
Accuracy
Victims By Chance
Career Criminals
Aggravated Robbery
Carjacking
Threats
Unplanned
Arson
Aggravated Arson
Irrationally motivated
Combustibility
Flashover
Trailers
Overhauling
-Determination of Cause
-Scene Investigation Patterns
-The claim that the fire was caused by an accident, natural What two common defenses create
causes, or misfortune
problems of proof in prosecuting
-If the fire was criminal, the defendant was not the
arson cases?
perpetrator
Hate Crimes
Mind Control
Hate
Pyromaniac
Property crimes
- entry
- of a building
- with intent to steal or commit another felony
70%
Professional Burglars
Amateur Burglar
- unskilled
- semiskilled
- professional
Fence
- needs
- opportunities
- means (skills)
- satifaction
- choice
- punching
Larceny
Household Larceny
Attack
Disposal
72%
Auto Theft
Strippers
Dismantlers
Shrinkage
Incidental Theft
Situational Theft
Continual Theft
Confronted
Fraud
- pigeon drop
- payoff
- carnival bunco
Carnival Bunco
Misrepresentation
Securities Fraud
Land-sales Fraud
Advance-fee Frauds
Home-Improvement Frauds
- embezzlement
- computer fraud
Embezzlement
Identity Theft
Passive
- narcotics
- sedatives
- stimulants
- hallucinogens
Narcotics
Sedatives
Stimulants
Amphetamines and
methamphetamines. These drugs
cause a rapid buildup of tolerance
Heroin
Analgesic effect
Kill pain
Sopoforic Agents
Euphoria
Cocaine
Freebased
Marijuana
420
THC
- hashish
- hashish oil
Hashish
Hash Oil
Methamphetamine
A chronic user of
methamphetamine is known as a
what?
Ice
10 to 25
8 hours
Pseudoephedrine
Clandestine Laboratories
80%
Cookers
Lab operators
5 to 6
Phencyclidine
10 to 12
Ecstasy
What is
methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA), developed in 1912 as an
appetite suppressant, and is a
stimulant like meth and a
hallucinogenic like LSD?
Rohypnol
Lookouts
Runners
Lateral Snitching
Trap
Search Warrant
Flaked
Entrapment
Vice
Bookies
Unity Of Action
Corruption
Tongs
Witnesses
1993
Hackers
-Crackers
-Criminals
-Vandals
Crackers
Computer Criminal
Computer Vandals
Computer Virus
Trojan Horses
Worms
Logic Bombs
Salami Fraud
Sexual Tourism
What three categories have hit-andrun drivers been grouped into based
on their possible motivation for
flight?
Apprehensive Driver
Projectionist Driver
Johns
Terrorism
Bombings
Hijackings
Kneecapping
Ecoterrorists
Tree Spiking
Cyberterrorism
Domestic Terrorism
3,811
Timothy McVeigh
Order
Neo-Nazi
ELF
ALF
$100 million
International Terrorism
Al Qaeda
Majahedeen
Hizbollah
Hamas
Israel
Dar al-Islam
1987
Chemical Agents
Anthrax
Radioactive Agents
Nuclear Terrorism
Signal Intelligence
Human Intelligence
Direct or Circumstantial
An investigation should be
considered incomplete until
evidence, _____ __ _____, has been
secured of an overt act that
constitutes a "substantial step" in
furtherance of the conspiracy.
Stage Fright
-Planning Ahead
-Mentally scan past experiences that can be termed
"satisfactory", and relax in the thought that such past
experiences will be helpful.
-Remember that anxiety at this time is nothing more than
the body preparing you to do your best.
Direct Examination
Cross-Examination
One Idea
Nonverbal Communication
Jury
Corruption
Misconduct
Ethical Awareness
Reasonable Care
Pause
Nullification
Academy
Preventable
Bias
Crime
Circumstantial Evidence
Complainant
Corpus delicti
Elements of a crime
Evidence
Fence
Field Identification
Prejudice
Probable Cause
Rapport
Reasonable Doubt
Suspect
witness
victim
Information
Interviewing
Criminal investigator
Suspicious, Curious,Observant,
Unbiased and Unprejudiced,
Develops rapport
Suspicious
Curious
Develops rapport
Pedophilia
penalty
Preliminary Investigation
Safe Guards
1.Determine and Document the
witness description of the
perpetrator. Transport the witness to
the location of detained suspect to
limit the impact of the supects
detention.confirm that the witness
understands the identification
process.Avoid doing or saying
anything that might be suggestive or
influence the witness.
Rigor Mortis
Putrefaction
Cadveric Spasm
Spectrographic Analysis
Laser Examination
Cryptography
luminal
Area search
Aerial Search
Categories of pedophiles
Situational, Regressed
Situational
Regressed
Point-to-point search:
This method can be used as a
preliminary step in evaluating the
scene.
Some of the disadvantages of this
method are:
It is often disorganized
Trace of evidence may be
overlooked.
Others at the scene may feel that
when this method of search is
completed, they are then free to
invade the scene.
Description:
Move in order of appearance of
evidence, as follows:
First item of evidence at the scene
to second item.
Second item of evidence at the
scene to the third item.
Move like this until all evidence is
covered.
- three dimensional
Objects are drawn in such a way as
to show them as they appear to the
eye with reference to relative
distance or depth. This sketch is
useful when no camera is available
or the condition of the scene is such
that a photograph would not be
illustrative.
Projection sketch
Schematic sketch
Detailed sketch
Cross Examination:
Redirect Examination:
Recross Examination:
PC 31.03
Profit motive
Operate so as to minimize chances
of observation
Lack of eyewitnesses.
May be traced when stolen
property is recovered.
This type requires planning,
direction, and operating skills.
The type of property stolen may
be an important clue.
Often work in conjunction with
criminal receivers (fences).
Burglar:
Robber:
PC 29.02, 29.03
Indicates a tendency to use
violence on a stranger
Bolder type personality sacrifices secrecy through
confrontation with victim
Generally classed according to
style
ambush - least planned; based on
element of surprise
Allan Pinkerton
Alphonse Bertillon
Anthropometry
CID
Criminalistics
Detective
An investigative law-enforcement
officer
Eugene Vidocq
Fourteenth Amendment
Industrial Revolution
Modus Operandi
Polygraph
Portrait Parle
Thief-Taking
anthropomentry
human identification
chain of possession
chronological log
criminalistics
ever-narrowing circle
ever-widening circle
cross-transfer of evidence
forensics
impact energy
match
modus operandi
omission
point-to-point movement
single-officer search
Mathieu Orfila
Hans Gross
Alphonse Bertillon
Francis Galton
Albert S. Osborn
Edmond Locard
Leone Lattes
Calvin Goddard
1-geoloty
2-physics
3-chemistry
4-biology
5-mathematics
Firearms Identification
It includes identification of 4
1-types of ammo
2-knowledge of the design and
functioning of firearms
3-restoration of obliterated serial
numbers on weapons
4-estimation of the distance
between a guns muzzle and a victim
when the weapon is fired
Procedural Law
Intention
Authority
Custody
Chapter 3
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Locards' Principle
Secondary scenes
This scene is the large view. It includes things such as the Macroscopic
relevant locations, the victims and the suspects bodies cars
and buildings
This scene consists of the specific objects and pieces of
evidence that are associated with the commission of the
crime, including knives, bite marks, hairs and fibers, shoe
and tire impressions, cigar butts, blood and so on
microscopic
-technical services
-investigative services
Types Of Evidence
-corpus delicti
-associative
-tracing
associative evidence
Tracing evidence
-maintain control
-conceptualize events
-proceed with caution
-apply inclusiveness
-maintain documentation
-hairs
-fibers
-certain types of drug evidence,
such as cocaine
Rule of Inclusiveness
administrative log
-making arrests
-seizing drug related evidence
-processing crime scenes and
accidents where blood and other
bodily fluids are exposed
-mirror
-probe with a flashlight or
-wooden dowel
-metal rod
intact skin
-head
-neck
-oral cavitiy
30 seconds
15 minutes
50%
Hepatitis B (HBV)
-physical evidence
-identify the method of operation
employed by the perpetrator
-reduce the number of suspects
-identify the perpetrator
-boundary determination
-choice of search pattern
-instruction of personnel
-coordination
-spiral
-strip line
-grid
-zone quadrant
-pie/wheel
Strip Search
grid
zone/quadrant
This search entails dividing the area into a number of pieshaped sections usually six. These are then searched,
usually through a variation of the strip method
pie/wheel
zone
-physical settings
-manner and means that the
perpetrators used to execute the
offenses
-length to which they may have
gone to eliminate or destroy
evidence
-videotaping
-photographing
-sketching
rectangular coordinates
triangulation method
a grid system
a total station
-courier
-air express
-registered mail
violent crime
pattern
Chapter 4
Characteristics of physical evidence that are common to a
group of objects or persons are termed:
An individual identification cannot be made because there
is a possibility of more than one source for the evidence
Class Characteristics
individual characteristics
elimination sample
color
texture
composition
-identify type
-variety
soil evidence
residue prints
footwear impressions
electrostatic device
(SICAR)
Shoeprint Image Capture and
Retrieval System
Dental Stone
20-30 minutes
-clean paper
-bubble wrap
-paper bags
burblaries
hit and runs
concentric cracks
a Hackle
Radial cracks
Ream
Wallner Lines
-shade
-composition
-number of coats
-texture
-weathering
-variation in density
-refractive index
-light dispersion characteristics
fracture match
-material type
-number of fibers per strand
-number of strand
-thickness of fibers and strand
-amouint and direction of twists
-dye content
-type of weave
-possible presence of foreign matter
embedded in them
"Barrier"
First Aid.
Tampering
Evidence.
True
1. Resting positions of
vehicles/bodies
(Controlled/Uncontrolled)
2. Tire Marks (Skids, Yaw marks,
Tire prints).
3.Gouge Marks
4. Debris (most common evidence
but not the best way to locate the
area of impact.)
5. Damage to roadside objects.
1. Skip skids
2. Gap skids
3. Curved skids
Yaw marks are made by tires that are locked and not free
to rotate (T/F)
1. Public Highways/Streets
2. Public Vehicular Areas (PVA)
3. Private property (PP)
1. Interview witnesses
2. Gather as much info as possible
about the fleeing vehicle.
3. Follow the path of the suspect
vehicle via fluid leaks and other
marks left at the scene.
4. Collect all evidence from the
scene which could link the suspect
vehicle to the crash.
Field
inherent
diagrams
videotaping
notes
names, lighting,
1. type of crime
2. person attacked
3. how attacked
4. means of attack
5. trademark of perp
6. words spoken
7. vehicle used
8. property stolen
9. name or physical description of
suspect
property
1. suspect
2. property taken
3. physical evidence
4. victim's statements
5. statement of witnesses
6. observations by reporting officer
photographing
permanent
substitute
responsible
specific
backdrop
detail
series
Corpus Delicti
homicide
record
sketching
written
eliminated
facts, fact
reproduction
objects
fixed
base
diagrams
foot, feet
representation
pictorial
commanding
news
defense
fair
adipocere
algor mortis
opinion
a personal belief
physical evidence
homicide
polygraph
criminal intent
bore
caliber
victim
"victim"
waiver
rogues' gallery
search patterns
exclusionary rule
inductive reasoning
rigor mortis
reasonable force
third degree
associative evidence
barcodes
"barcodes"
entrapment
field interview
arrest
best evidence
crime
heat of passion
postmortem lividity
lust murders
manslaughter
biometrics
chain of evidence
lane-search pattern
material photograph
indirect question
confession
compass-point
investigate
probable cause
rapport
premeditation
toxicology
study of poisons
circumstantial evidence
undercover
witness
deductive reasoning
investigate
triangulation
forensic science
John Fielding
Sergeant Popay
Scotland Yard
Stephen Girard
Allan Pinkerton
National Academy
Hans Gross
Edmond Locard
Researcher interested in
microscopic evidence; all crime
Alphonse Bertillon
anthropometry
dactylography
Juan Vucetich
Edward Henry
DNA
Enderby cases
Henry Goddard
Calvin Goddard
Leone Lattes
August Vollmer
Paul Kirk
affidavit
arrest
arrest warrant
charging
due process
fairness
exigent circumstances
probable cause
search
search warrant
Peel's principle
1. community partnership
2. organizational transformation
3. problem solving
What is a fingerprint?
1. traditional powders
2. fluorescent powders
3. application of chemicals
4. superglue fuming
5. laser, alternative light or UV light
Ninhydrin, DFO
How is evidence that is either known to have a biological Evidence known to contain or
fluid or is possible to contain a biological fluid, packaged? possibly contain a biological fluid
MUST BE packaged in paper; never
plastic. The reason for this is that
paper can breathe whereas plastic
1. Racial characteristics
2. Somatic or body area origin of
the hear
3. Manner in which it was removed
4. Damage to hair
5. Types of drugs ingested and how
recently
6. Presence of hair contaminates
like blood
7. Hair treatment including
bleaching, shampoo residues
8. Origin such as fiber wig, animal,
or human
Planning important
Controlling surroundings important
Privacy desirable
Establishing rapport important
Asking good questions important
Careful listening
Proper documentation
Interviews
to obtain information
A confession is the
acknowledgement by a person
accused of a crime that he or she is
guilty of that crime and committed
every element of the offense; must
exclude any reasonable doubt about
the possibility of innocence.
An admission is a person's
acknowledgement of certain facts or
circumstances that tend to
incriminate him or her with respect
to a crime but are not complete
enough to constitute a confession.
What is proximity?
voluntariness
What is custody?
1. accuracy
2. clear communication of the
meaning the writer intended
15. What are the facts and the significance of the U.S.
Supreme Court case involving Maryland v. Shatzer in
2010?
audio surveillance
bugging
bumper beeper
collation
contact surveillance
evaluation
field lineup
interpretation
lineup
link analysis
overt collection
collection of information is
conducted by public sources or nonintelligence police personnel
participant monitoring
physical lineup
stakeout (plant)
surveillance
undercover agent
visual surveillance
tail (shadow)
During a criminal trial what two kinds of proof are used to Direct Evidence and Circumstantial
answer the questions of guilt or innocence?
Evidence
Direct Evidence involves _________ who have, through
one or more of their five senses, experienced something
_______ to the crime in questions or its circumstances.
eyewitnesses, relative
inference, physical
view
police, information
civic, competition
separate
Neighborhood Canvas
Ballistics
Interior Ballistics
Exterior Ballistics
wooden, metal
manufacturer, serial
emblems, strength
location
postmortem,
Crime Laboratory
temperature, elements
furniture
blood
identify
markings
handprints, tread
softer
Fingerprints
naked, developed
oils, ridges
burglary, entry
Signature
Chain of Custody
Documentary
Direct
Relevancy
Class Characteristics
Individual Characteristics
Balancing Test
15 Minutes
Liver Mortis
Algor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
Manner of Death
Mechanism of Death
Medical Examiner
Clinical Autopsy
Medical/Legal Autopsy
Antimortem
Before death
Perimortem
During/at death
Postmortem
After death
Tardieu Spots
Petechiae
Putrefaction
Autolysis
Marbling
Adipocere
Skeletonization
Deiner
CODIS
Abrasions
Contusions
Lacerations
Fractures
Avulsion
Mongolian Spots
Stabs
Lines of Langor
Strangulation
Suffocation
Burking
caliber
concentric fracture
class characteristics
cross contamination
dental stone
document
fingerprint
fingerprint patterns
fluorescent powder
fracture match
grooves
hemident
individual characteristics
lands
latent/invisible prints
minutiae
mtDNA
radial fracture
rifling
superglue fuming
tool mark
traditional powders
admission
a persons acknowledgement of
certain facts or circumstances that
tend to incriminate him or her with
respect to a crime but are not
complete enough to constitute a
confession
body language
confession
delay-in-arraignment rule
eyewitness identification
in-custody interrogation
polygraph
proximity
rapport
witness
residue prints
loop
whorl
arch
patent print
luminol
questioned documents
true
McNabb v US
Miranda v Arizona
Minnick v Mississippi
rogatory position
1. place of arrival
2. point of entry
3. path through the scene
4. contact with the scene
5. contact with the victim
6. place of exit
7. place of arrest
What is a statement?
A statement is first-hand
information about the commission
of a crime given to an investigating
law enforcement officer.
1. witness
2. victim
3. suspect
field notes
photographs
a sketch of the scene
evidence custody documents
strip
grid
zone
sprial
eyewitnesses
circumstantial evidence- collected
from interviews,
reports etc..
establishing MO to find suspect
physical evidence- may link
individual to crime
Establishing MO
True
YES
What is prostitution?
What is surveillance?
What is a surveillant?
TRUE
mobile is known as tailing or
shadowing
fixed is known as a stakeout
Schmerber
Leon
Gault
Wong-Sun
Chimel
Mapp
Rochin
It is more accurate
False
False
10
Serve citizens
False