Test your basic knowledge of Optics

1. What is the mean angle of resolution of an eye with a 6/6 acuity?

2. How far away can an eye with 6/6 visual acuity read the 6/24 lines?
3. What is the Snell's law of reflection?
4. What is the apex angle in degrees of a 10 dioptres prism?
5. The nodal point of a lens is at the intersection between the _____________ and the
___________________.
6. The refracting power of a cylindrical lens is at __________ degrees to the axis.
7. The image produced by a negative lens is ____________, ___________ and
_____________.
8. A focimeter measures the _________________ of a lens
9. A decentration of 10 mm from the optical centre of a +5 dioptre lens produces a
prismatic effect of _______ prism dioptres
10. A X8 loupe has an equivalent power of _______ dioptres.
11. Two lens of power +4 dipotres are separated by a distance of 10 cm. The final
vergence of a ray of light initially parallel to the principle axis is _______ dioptres
12. A lens of +10 dipotres fully correct an hyperopia and now the lens is moved
forward 10mm, what is the new lens power needed to correct the hyperopia?
13. In trifocals the intermediate lens usually has an addition of _______ dioptre over
the distance correction.
14. The LTF stands for _________________ when considering tints.
15. Relative spectacle magnification =
16. Which combination make up 0.50 Jackson cross cylinder?

1. What is the mean angle of resolution of an eye with a 6/6 acuity?

One degree of arc.

2. How far away can an eye with 6/6 visual acuity read the 6/24 lines?
24 metres.

3. What is Snell's law?

Snell's law (law of refraction) = the incident and refracted rays and the normal to the
surface at the point of incidence lie in the same plane and the ratio of the sine of the angle
of incidence i to the sine of the angle of refraction r is a constant for any two media. This
constant is called the relative index of refraction ie.
sine i / sin r = refractive index.

4. What is the apex angle in degrees of a 10 dioptres prism?

10 degrees.

5. The nodal point of a lens is at the intersection between the principal axis
and the principal plane.
6. The refracting power of a cylindrical lens is at 90 degrees to the axis.
7. The image produced by a negative lens is virtual, erect and diminished.
8. A focimeter measures the back vertex power of a lens
9. A decentration of 10 mm from the optical centre of a +5 dioptre lens
produces a prismatic effect of 5 prism dioptres
10. A X8 loupe has an equivalent power of 32 dioptres.
11. Two lens of power +4 dioptres are separated by a distance of 10 cm.
The final vergence of a ray of light initially parallel to the principle axis is
10.7 dioptres
The vergence power can be calculated using the formula:

Fn = F1 + F2 - dF1F2 / 1 - dF2
Fn = new vergence power;
F1 = power of the first lens;
F2 = power of the second lens
d = distance between the two lenses (in metres)

12. A lens of +10 dioptres fully correct an hyperopia and now the lens is
moved forward 10mm, what is the new lens power needed to correct the
hyperopia?
+9 dioptres
To calculate this you need to use the formula for lens effectivity which is
Dn = Do/1-dDo where Dn = the new power
Do = the old lens power
d = difference in the location (in meters), - if it is moved
forward and + if it is moved backward.
The formula shows that moving a plus lens forward increases its effective power and
therefore a weaker plus
lens is needed to maintain the same effectiveness.

13. In trifocals the intermediate lens usually has an addition of 1 dioptre

over the distance correction.
14. The LTF stands for luminance transmission factor when considering tints.
15. Relative spectacle magnification =
Actual size corrected with spectacle / size seen by
the emmetropic eye

16. Which combination make up 0.50 Jackson cross cylinder?

+0.50DS/-1.00DC
The two cylinders are 90 degrees to each other and therefore it is not necessary to
designate the axis.