RELIANCE FOUNDATION SCHOOL, MOUDA.

PHYSICS PROJECT

TOPIC: Automatic night light control system.

VAISHNAVI WIGHE
ROLL NO:
STD: XII

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss. Vaishnavi Wighe has successfully

completed the project as prescribed by CBSE board at Reliance
Foundation School Laboratory in the year 2015-2016.

Subject Teacher
(Mr. Ajay Singh)

External

Principal
(

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude

and deep regards to the Principal, Mr.
,
for his constant encouragement and for all the facilities
he provided at school. The blessings, help and guidance
given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in
the journey of life which I am about to embark.
I also extend my deep sense of gratitude to our chemistry
teacher, Mr. Ajay Singh , for her cordial support, valuable
guidance and constructive comments throughout the
project, which helped me in completing the project
successfully.
I am also obliged to, Ranju Maam, lab assistant for the
cooperation and additional information provided by her. I
am thankful to my classmates and my family for their
support and help.

- Vaishnavi Wighe

INDEX

Theory

Principle

Components used

Circuit diagram
Construction

Sources of error

Bibliography.

THEORY:In this automatic night light control system there is no need of

manual operation for switching ON and OFF when there is need of
light. It detects itself whether there is need for light or not. When
darkness rises to a certain value then automatically light is
switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time,
the light gets OFF.
Wastage of power is not desirable in any system. So it is very
much economic to have this arrangement so that power is not
wasted during day time where manual operation is not possible.
Though we can use it in our daily life also for the betterment of
our system.
While dealing with this project we faced a problem that the light
remained on or off depending upon the presence of any other
light source. If we want to make the light off in night hours when
there is no need of light, or after switching off the light if we want
to make the light on again it was not possible with the circuit
investigated earlier. As we dont want any manual operation we
have an arrangement of doing this by means of light .This
mechanism makes the circuit is more flexible.
By means of this circuit we can control any other electrical
appliances as we use the double pole double throw relay switch.

Again for economic operation it is very much helpful and it is very

much easy and cheap to make the circuit for house hold
purposes.

PRINCIPLE:In the circuit diagram in the input of the circuit there is a

potentiometer (VR1) connected in series with the LDR in such a
way as to form a voltage divider. When light falls on the LDR it
causes its resistance to change and this cause the voltage across
the LDR to change accordingly.

The voltage changes are used to change the state of the

transistor Q1
switching it ON and OFF. The output
from Q1 drives Q2 and this in turn Q3 which drives the output
relay. The diode D1 protects the transistor from the back emf that
is produced from the relay coil when it is turned off. The VR1
adjusts the sensitivity of the circuit so it is possible to use it under
widely different conditions. The circuit operates from a 12 VDC
power supply.

COMPONENTS USED:Semiconductor
Tr 1,2 BC 548
Tr 3 - BC 557
D1 - IN 4001
LDR- light detecting resistor
L.E.D (Light Emitting Diode)
Resistors
R1 4.7 kilo ohm
R2, R3, R6 - 1.2 kilo ohm
R4 2.7 kilo ohm
R5 2.2 kilo ohm
VR1- 100 kilo ohm
Capacitor
C1 10 uF / 25 V
Misc.
RL1 12 V , 200 kilo ohm 1 C/O Relay
PCB VK 579

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

Construction:Start building the circuit with the resistors leaving the LDR for the
final stage. Mount the relay on the board and solder the
transistors and the diode in their places making sure that nothing
went in the wrong place or wrong way round.

When everything is in its place solder the LDR carefully is in its

place solder the LDR carefully, as it is very fragile and can be
easily damaged if overheated. Make the last visual check and if
satisfied that that all is well connect the circuit to the power
supply.

Cover the sensitive surface of the LDR and turn the trimmer till
you hear the relay clicking. If sensor is uncovered the relay should
click again. You will probably have to read just the trimmer once
the circuit is cased and you are ready to use it in some
application.

Sources of errors:-

Check the power supply to make sure that there is 12 VDC across
the circuit, and that the polarity is correct.

Make sure the transistors and the diode are connected the right
way round.
Each component should be soldered neat and clean. We should
check for any dry soldered.

Opposite polarity of battery can destroy circuit, so please check

the polarity before switching ON the circuit. One should use diode
in series with switch for safety since diode allows flowing current
in one direction only.
Use a Sensitive LDR. You can test it using a multimeter.

Bibliography
www.google.com

Physics teacher:- Ajay Singh sir.