Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Participatory
Culture
Education
for
the
21st
Century
(Jenkins
et
al
2009),
Participatory
Culture
is
defined
as
a
new
culture
where
there
are
no
barriers
and
one
can
learn
as
freely
as
they
wish
from
each
other
by
sharing,
interacting,
producing,
and
disseminating
their
products.
Among
other
things,
it
is
referring
social
media
networks
such
as
YouTube,
Tumblr,
Twitter
etc.
American
media
scholar
Henry
Jenkins,
along
with
many
others,
wants
for
this
notion
of
participatory
culture
to
be
accessible
by
the
masses:
not
every
member
must
contribute,
but
all
must
believe
they
are
free
to
contribute
when
ready
and
that
what
they
contribute
will
be
appropriately
valid.
(Jenkins
et
al,
2009).
He
also
promotes
the
idea
of
collective
intelligence
and
media
convergence
is
his
book
Convergence
Culture:
Where
Old
and
New
Media
Collide
(2006).
Jenkins
(2009)
distinguishes
five
characteristics
to
Participatory
Culture.
To
start
with,
this
movement
is
about
having
relatively
low
barriers
to
artistic
expression
and
civic
engagement.
Then,
a
strong
support
for
creating
and
sharing
ones
creations
is
important.
There
is
also
some
type
of
informal
mentorship
whereby
what
is
known
by
the
most
experienced
is
passed
along
to
novices.
And
finally,
the
members
of
Participatory
Culture
believe
[that]
their
contributions
matter
and
feel
some
degree
of
social
connection
with
one
another.
(Jenkins
et
al,
2009).
On
a
recent
interview
with
the
authors
of
The
Participatory
Cultures
Handbook,
Jenkins
(2014)
defines
three
primary
kinds
of
participatory
cultures:
-
Consensus
cultures:
These
could
easily
be
subdivided
into
expert
cultures
where
people
with
specialized
knowledge
join
together
to
leverage
the
power
of
collective
intelligence
and
democratic
cultures
where
average
citizens
do
the
same
thing.
-
Creative
cultures:
participants
are
encouraged
to
create,
share,
and
comment
all
within
a
safe
and
supportive
environment.
Which
can
be
associated
with
remix
cultures
or
Fan
cultures
etc.
-
Discussion
cultures:
a
topic
rather
than
an
outcome
is
at
the
heart
of
participation
()
Sports
fandoms,
news
sites,
and
food
blogs.
Other
supporters
of
the
idea
of
participatory
culture
will
define
it
as
'an
expansion
of
creativity,
scientific
knowledge,
civic
engagement,
and
activism'
or
'a
spiral
into
incivility,
passivity
and
exclusion'
(Delwiche
&
Henderson,
2013).