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Is it power???
If YES then
What is the power of materials???
In Material Terms
Ability to withstand stress without failure is
STRENGTH
FACT:- The limit of the strength of a material can be
measured ONLY when it undergo FAILURE
Classification
Matter is classified as solid and fluid.
The study of solid involves study of rigid and
deformable bodies.
Study of rigid bodies include statics &
What is Mechanics?
Mechanics of any substance is the complete
Course Overview
Detailed Study of the Following topics
Concept of stress
Concept of strain
Mechanical properties of materials
Axial load
Torsion
Shear Force &
Bending
Grading Policy
Students
Evaluation by
Due
Division of
Grades
Home works
Every week
10%
Laboratory works
Every week
15%
10%
Project
15th Week
5%
Midterm Exam
8th week
20%
As scheduled by the
registrar
40%
Quizzes
Final Exam
For Coplanar
Forces
Example 1.2
Example 1.2
Example 1.2
Example 1.3
Example 1.3
Finding pin reaction at A
Homework Problem
Stress
It is defined as the intensity of the internal force acting
on a specific plane (area) passing through a point within
the material assuming
the material to be continuous, that is, to consist of a
continuum or uniform distribution of matter having
no voids.
Also, the material must be cohesive, meaning that all
portions of it are connected together, without having
breaks, cracks, or separations.
Stress
Stress is similar to pressure except for the fact that
1. Stress is something that is felt internally within the
material body whereas the pressure is something
which is applied externally on the material.
2. Stress is internal while pressure is external as it is
clear by the statement Please dont put too much
pressure on me, I am already under stress
There are two kinds of stresses i.e.
The Normal Stress
&
Stress
Stress
Stress
Type
Directions
Formula
Required (n)
Comp.
required
in Cart.
Coord.
Example
Scalar
3 = 30 = 1
Mass (kg)
Vector
3 = 31 = 3
Force as
Fx, Fy & Fz
Tensor
3 = 32 = 9
Stress as
Stress
Stress
As a sign convention, P
will be positive if it
causes tension in the
member, and negative if
it causes compression.
Example
Example
Example
Solving we get,
Homework Problem
Homework Problem
Homework Problem
ANSWERS
Single Shear
Double Shear
Similarly,
So that,
Example
Example
Example
Homework Prob
Homework Prob
Homework Prob
Allowable Stress
The factor of safety (F.S.) is a ratio of
the failure load to the allowable load
If the member
is subjected to
normal load
If the member
is subjected to
shear load
Applications
Applications
Applications
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Strain
Strain is a measure of deformation of a body
Deformation
Whenever a force is applied to a body, it will tend to
change the bodys shape and size. These changes are referred
to as deformation, and they may be either highly visible or
practically unnoticeable. Deformation of a body can also
occur when the temperature of the body is changed.
Types of Strain
1.Direct Strain
Normal Strain
Shear Strain
2. Lateral Strain
Normal Strain
Normal Strain
Sign Convention
Unit
Shear Strain
Shear Strain
Shear Strain
Sign Convention
Unit
Conversion
360 Degree
180 Degree
1 Degree
x Degree
=
=
=
=
2 Radians
Radians
/180 Radians
x(/180) Radians
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Diagram
Modulus of Elasticity
The modulus of
elasticity is a
mechanical
property that
indicates the
stiffness of a
material.
Since strain is
dimensionless, E
will have the same
units as stress,
such as psi, ksi, or
pascals
Strain Energy
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Answers
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Strain Diagram
Describe concepts of Creep & Fatigue
Poissons Ratio
Homework Prob.
A cylindrical bar, made up of a special material,
has a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 50 cm.
When this bar is subjected to a tensile loading of
100 N, it causes the bar to elongate. As a result
of elongation, the new length of the bar is 55 cm.
Determine the Poissons ratio for this material?
Example
Homework Prob.
Modulus of Rigidity
(Modulus of Elasticity)
for Normal Stress-Strain
(Modulus of Rigidity)
for Shear Stress-Strain
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Member
Able to solve problems associated with Elastic
Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member
Axial Load
An axial load is the kind of loading that occurs when
Saint-Venants Principle
This principle states that the
stress and strain produced at
points in a body sufficiently
removed from the region of
load application will be the
same as the stress and strain
produced by any applied
loadings that have the same
statically equivalent resultant,
and are applied to the body
within the same region.
Saint-Venants Principle
Example
Example
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Members
Able to solve problems associated with Statically
Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Study the Thermal Stresses.
Able to solve problems associated with Thermal
Stresses.
Principle of Superposition
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Thermal Stresses
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
torsion.
Torsion Formulation
=
Here
S =
=
=
Torsion Formulation
Torsion Formulation
Torsion Formulation
Torsion Formulation
At outer boundary with
radius equal to c, shear
stress will be maximum.
Sign Convention:-
Example
Example
Example
Section a-a
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Transmission
Define Angle of twist
Formulate angle of twist
Able to solve problems associated with the concept of
angle of twist.
Power Transmission
Note:-
Example
Example
Homework Prob.
Angle of Twist
Sign Convention
Example
Subscript Notation
Example
Homework Prob.
Homework Prob.
Bending of Beams
Members that are slender and support loadings that are applied
perpendicular to their longitudinal axis are called beams. In general,
beams are long, straight bars having a constant cross-sectional area.
Often they are classified as to how they are supported. For example, a
simply supported beam is pinned at one end and roller supported at the
other, a cantilevered beam is fixed at one end and free at the
other, and an overhanging beam has one or both of its ends freely
extended over the supports.
Eq.
Eq.
P/2
L/4
P/2
PL/8
L/2
1&3
PL/4
2&4
3L/4
-P/2
PL/8
-P/2
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
Eq.
Eq.
-Mo/L
L/4
-Mo/L
-Mo/4
L/2
-Mo/L
1&3
2&4
3L/4
-Mo/L
Mo/4
-Mo/L
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
Eq.
Eq.
wL/2
L/2
wL/8
-wL/2
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
Eq.
Eq.
wL/2
-wL/3
L/2
3wL/8
-5wL/48
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
Eq.
Eq.
L/2
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Eq.
Eq.
2.5
1&3
2&4
7.5
10
S.F.D.
B.M.D.
Shear Force
Diagram
Bending
Moment
Diagram
Example
Example
Example