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  • What's The Difference Between FDD and TDD

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    Tomta Franck
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    1. There are two modes of duplex operation: frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). FDD requires two separate frequency bands for transmission and reception, while TDD alternates between transmission and reception over a single frequency band by assigning time slots. 2. FDD is commonly used in cellular systems as it needs less precise timing, while TDD uses spectrum more efficiently by requiring only a single frequency band. 3. While FDD is more widely used currently, TDD is expected to become more common as spectrum availability decreases and technologies like LTE that can implement TDD more easily are adopted.

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    What’s the Difference Between FDD and TDD

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    1. There are two modes of duplex operation: frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). FDD requires two separate frequency bands for transmission and reception, while TDD alternates between transmission and reception over a single frequency band by assigning time slots. 2. FDD is commonly used in cellular systems as it needs less precise timing, while TDD uses spectrum more efficiently by requiring only a single frequency band. 3. While FDD is more widely used currently, TDD is expected to become more common as spectrum availability decreases and technologies like LTE that can implement TDD more easily are adopted.

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    177 Ansichten5 Seiten

    What's The Difference Between FDD and TDD

    Hochgeladen von

    Tomta Franck
    1. There are two modes of duplex operation: frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). FDD requires two separate frequency bands for transmission and reception, while TDD alternates between transmission and reception over a single frequency band by assigning time slots. 2. FDD is commonly used in cellular systems as it needs less precise timing, while TDD uses spectrum more efficiently by requiring only a single frequency band. 3. While FDD is more widely used currently, TDD is expected to become more common as spectrum availability decreases and technologies like LTE that can implement TDD more easily are adopted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 5

    8/1/2016

    WhatsTheDifferenceBetweenFDDAndTDD?

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    WhatsTheDifferenceBetweenFDDAndTDD?
    ElectronicDesign
    LouFrenzel

    LouFrenzel
    Mon,2012073011:33

    Downloadthisarticlein.PDFformat
    Thisfiletypeincludeshighresolutiongraphicsandschematicswhenapplicable.
    Duplexingistheprocessofachievingtwowaycommunicationsoveracommunicationschannel.Ittakestwo
    forms:halfduplexandfullduplex(Fig.1).

    1.Therearetwomodesofduplexoperation:(a)halfduplexand(b)fullduplex.
    Inhalfduplex,thetwocommunicatingpartiestaketurnstransmittingoverasharedchannel.Twoway
    radiosworkthisway.Asonepartytalks,theotherlistens.SpeakingpartiesoftensayOvertoindicatethat
    theyrefinishedanditstimefortheotherpartytospeak.Innetworking,asinglecableissharedasthetwo
    computerscommunicatingtaketurnssendingandreceivingdata.
    Sponsored

    PowerTips:HowtoMaximizeEfficiencyinPoEandTelecomSuppliesBrianKing,TI

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    NoiseRequirementsforADCPowerSuppliesXavierRamus,TI

    Fullduplexreferstosimultaneoustwowaycommunications.Thetwocommunicatingstationscansendand
    receiveatthesametime.Landlinetelephonesandcellphonesworkthisway.Someformsofnetworking
    permitsimultaneoustransmitandreceiveoperationstooccur.Thisisthemoredesirableformofduplexing,
    butitismorecomplexandexpensivethanhalfduplexing.Therearetwobasicformsoffullduplexing:
    frequencydivisionduplex(FDD)andtimedivisionduplex(TDD)(seethetable).

    Related
    InCommunications,"More"and"Faster"aretheWatchwords
    5GTrendsin2016:ShiftingtheDesignWorkflowParadigm
    Q&A:WhatCanWeExpectintheFuture5GWorld?

    FrequencyDivisionDuplex
    FDDrequirestwoseparatecommunicationschannels.Innetworking,therearetwocables.Fullduplex
    EthernetusestwotwistedpairsinsidetheCAT5cableforsimultaneoussendandreceiveoperations.
    Wirelesssystemsneedtwoseparatefrequencybandsorchannels(Fig.2).Asufficientamountofguardband
    separatesthetwobandssothetransmitterandreceiverdontinterferewithoneanother.Goodfilteringor
    duplexersandpossiblyshieldingareamusttoensurethetransmitterdoesnotdesensitizetheadjacent
    receiver.

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    2.FDDrequirestwosymmetricalsegmentsofspectrumfortheuplinkanddownlinkchannels.
    Inacellphonewithatransmitterandreceiveroperatingsimultaneouslywithinsuchcloseproximity,the
    receivermustfilteroutasmuchofthetransmittersignalaspossible.Thegreaterthespectrumseparation,
    themoreeffectivethefilters.
    FDDuseslotsoffrequencyspectrum,though,generallyatleasttwicethespectrumneededbyTDD.In
    addition,theremustbeadequatespectrumseparationbetweenthetransmitandreceivechannels.Theseso
    calledguardbandsarentuseable,sotheyrewasteful.Giventhescarcityandexpenseofspectrum,theseare
    realdisadvantages.
    However,FDDisverywidelyusedincellulartelephonesystems,suchasthewidelyusedGSMsystem.In
    somesystemsthe25MHzbandfrom869to894MHzisusedasthedownlink(DL)spectrumfromthecell
    sitetowertothehandset,andthe25MHzbandfrom824to849MHzisusedastheuplink(UL)spectrum
    fromthehandsettocellsite.
    AnotherdisadvantagewithFDDisthedifficultyofusingspecialantennatechniqueslikemultipleinput
    multipleoutput(MIMO)andbeamforming.ThesetechnologiesareacorepartofthenewLongTerm
    Evolution(LTE)4Gcellphonestrategiesforincreasingdatarates.Itisdifficulttomakeantennabandwidths
    broadenoughtocoverbothsetsofspectrum.Morecomplexdynamictuningcircuitryisrequired.
    FDDalsoworksonacablewheretransmitandreceivechannelsaregivendifferentpartsofthecable
    spectrum,asincableTVsystems.Again,filtersareusedtokeepthechannelsseparate.

    TimeDivisionDuplex
    TDDusesasinglefrequencybandforbothtransmitandreceive.Thenitsharesthatbandbyassigning
    alternatingtimeslotstotransmitandreceiveoperations(Fig.3).Theinformationtobetransmitted
    whetheritsvoice,video,orcomputerdataisinserialbinaryformat.Eachtimeslotmaybe1bytelongor
    couldbeaframeofmultiplebytes.

    3.TDDalternatesthetransmissionandreceptionofstationdataovertime.Timeslotsmaybevariablein
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    length.
    Becauseofthehighspeednatureofthedata,thecommunicatingpartiescannottellthatthetransmissions
    areintermittent.Thetransmissionsareconcurrentratherthansimultaneous.Fordigitalvoiceconverted
    backtoanalog,noonecantellitisntfullduplex.
    InsomeTDDsystems,thealternatingtimeslotsareofthesamedurationorhaveequalDLandULtimes.
    However,thesystemdoesnthavetobe50/50symmetrical.Thesystemcanbeasymmetricalasrequired.
    Forinstance,inInternetaccess,downloadtimesareusuallymuchlongerthanuploadtimessomoreor
    fewerframetimeslotsareassignedasneeded.SomeTDDformatsofferdynamicbandwidthallocation
    wheretimeslotnumbersordurationsarechangedontheflyasrequired.
    TherealadvantageofTDDisthatitonlyneedsasinglechanneloffrequencyspectrum.Furthermore,no
    spectrumwastefulguardbandsorchannelseparationsareneeded.Thedownsideisthatsuccessful
    implementationofTDDneedsaveryprecisetimingandsynchronizationsystematboththetransmitterand
    receivertomakesuretimeslotsdontoverlaporotherwiseinterferewithoneanother.
    TimingisoftensynchedtopreciseGPSderivedatomicclockstandards.Guardtimesarealsoneeded
    betweentimeslotstopreventoverlap.Thistimeisgenerallyequaltothesendreceiveturnaroundtime
    (transmitreceiveswitchingtime)andanytransmissiondelays(latency)overthecommunicationspath.

    ApplicationExamples
    MostcellphonesystemsuseFDD.ThenewerLTEand4GsystemsuseFDD.CableTVsystemsarefully
    FDD.
    MostwirelessdatatransmissionsareTDD.WiMAXandWiFiuseTDD.SodoesBluetoothwhenpiconets
    aredeployed.ZigBeeisTDD.MostdigitalcordlesstelephonesuseTDD.Becauseofthespectrumshortage
    andexpense,TDDisalsobeingadoptedinsomecellularsystems,suchasChinasTDSCDMAandTDLTE
    systems.OtherTDLTEcellularsystemsareexpectedtobedeployedwherespectrumshortagesoccur.

    Conclusion
    TDDappearstobethebetteroverallchoice,butFDDisfarmorewidelyimplementedbecauseofprior
    frequencyspectrumassignmentsandearliertechnologies.FDDwillcontinuetodominatethecellular
    businessfornow.Yetasspectrumbecomesmorecostlyandscarce,TDDwillbecomemorewidelyadopted
    asspectrumisreallocatedandrepurposed.

    References
    1. Moonblink
    2. NetkromTechnologies
    3. RadioElectronics
    4. Frenzel,L.E.,PrinciplesofElectronicsCommunicationsSystems,3rdedition,McGrawHill,2008,
    http://www.amazon.com/PrinciplesElectronicCommunicationpublished
    Education/dp/B008DMCPU0.
    Sponsored

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    PowerTips:HowtoMaximizeEfficiencyinPoEandTelecomSuppliesBrianKing,TI

    NoiseRequirementsforADCPowerSuppliesXavierRamus,TI

    SourceURL:http://electronicdesign.com/communications/whatsdifferencebetweenfddandtdd

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