Computer Graphics & Multimedia

Introduction to Computer Graphics

1. Computer graphics is a study of technique to improve communication between
human and machine.
2. The term computer Graphics (CG) refers to creation, Storage and manipulation of
pictures and drawing using a digital computer.
3. It is Effective tool for presenting information.
4. Computer graphics is the use of computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate
and present pictorial output.
5. Computer Graphics as the pictorial representation or graphical representation of a
computer.
6. Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for
digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.
7. Computer Graphics (CG) is the field of visual computing, where one utilizes
computers both to generate visual images synthetically and to integrate or alter
visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.
8. Computer Graphics is the pictorial representation and manipulation of data by a
computer.
9. Figure:
Input (i/p)
Define
Store
manipulate
interrogate

COMPUTER

Output (o/p)
Pictorial
representation

10. That is in overview we can say that,

Computer Graphics has several meanings:
i) The representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer
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ii) The various technologies used to create and manipulate such pictorial data
iii) The images are also produced.
11. Advantages of Computer Graphics:
i) It has an ability to show moving pictures and thus it is possible to produce
animations with computer graphics.
ii) The computer graphics provides tool called motion dynamics. With this tool user
can move and tumbles object with respect to stationary observer or he can make
objects stationary and the viewer moving around them.
iii) The computer graphics also provides facility called update dynamics. With this
tool it is possible to change the shape, color or other properties of the objects being
viewed.

Types of Computer Graphics

There are mainly two types of computer graphics,
i) Raster graphics &
ii) Vector graphics

Raster Graphics:-

i) It is one of the type of computer graphics in which in this type, each pixel separately
defined.
ii) Raster-based graphics are often used to create your everyday-style of graphics.
These graphics are created using a series of colored pixels.
iii) e.g.: Raster graphics can be created and edited with simple graphic programs such
as Microsoft Paint, and others.
iv) Advantages Raster files are easy to use, often have low file sizes, and can be edited
by using common photo-editing programs.
v) Disadvantages It can be difficult to use raster files when creating high-quality print
material, especially for large signage projects
vi) Common File Types: .psd, .jpeg, .bmp, .png, .gif
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Vector Graphics: -

i) In this type of computer graphics, Mathematical formulas used to draw lines &
shapes and curves.
ii) Vector-based designs produce the most clear and precise graphics possible.
iii) e.g.: These graphic formats are created by using professional graphic design
programs such as Adobe Illustrator.
iv) Advantages Vectors produce the most clear and precise graphics possible for your
company brand.
v) Disadvantages They can only be created and edited with professional design
software which requires advanced knowledge and software can become costly.
vi) Common File Types: .eps, .ai, .cdr

Explain any three input devices

Input devices:
Transforms data from the user into a form that a computer system can process together
with appropriate software (device drivers).
Examples of Input devices:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

keyboard
scanner
mouse
microphone
joystick
Trackball

Keyboard:
1. The keyboard is a primary input device for any graphics system.
2. The keyboard is the most common input device for entering numeric and alphabetic
data in to a computer system by pressing a set of keys which are mounted on the
keyboard, which is connected to computer system.
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3. It is used for entering text and numbers i.e. on graphics data associated with
pictures like x,y co-ordinates.
4. Figure: below diagram shows how keyboard process performed,

5. Keyboards are available in various sizes,shapes and styles.

6. Figure: figure of keyboard is as shown below,

-Figure: Keyboard5. It consist of,

i) Alphanumeric keys: - letters and numbers.
ii) Function keys
iii) Modifier keys
iv) Numeric keypad
v) Cursor movement keys
vi) Punctuation keys: - comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
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6. When we press a key on the keyboard,keyboard controller places a code

corresponding to key pressed into a part of its memory called as keyboard buffer.
This code is called as scan code. The keyboard controller informs CPU of the
computer about the key press with the help of an interrupt signal. The CPU then
reads the scan code from keyboard buffer.

Trackball:
1. It is one of the input devices.
2. The trackball is a two dimensional positioning device wheras spaceball provides six
degree of freedom.
3. It does not actually move. It consist of strain guages which measure the amount of
pressure applied to the spaceball to provide input for spatial positioning and
orientation as the ball is pushed or pulled in various directions.
4. It is usually used in three dimentional positioning and selecting operations in
virtual-reality systems.
5. Figure:

- Figure: Trackball-

Mouse:
1. It is one of the input devices.
2. Mouse is a palm sized box used to position the screen cursor.
3. It consists of ball on the bottom connected to wheels or rollers to provide the
amount and direction of movement.

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4. One, two or three buttons are usually included on the top of mouse for signalling the
execution of some portion.
5. Now a days mouse consists of one more wheel on the top to scroll the screen pages.
6. Figure:

7. As shown in above figure, mouse pointer is an on-screen object. It can be used to

Select text
Access menu
Interact with programs, files or data that appear on the screen.

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