ASSIGNMENT OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES-1

SUBMITTED TO:
Miss Ummara Shahid
SUBMITTED BY:
M.Suleman

14090813-011

Rimsha Naseer

14090813-012

Tahira

14090813-013

Haroon Safdar

14090813-014

Iqra Aslam

14090813-015

ASSIGNMENT:
Separate Product Mean Estimator

&

x
yp y
X

Product Mean Estimator

x
yp y
X
We know that

where
y Y
Y
xX
ex
X
ey

y Y (1 e y )
x X(1 e x )
X (1 e x )
y p Y (1 e y )

y p Y (1 e y ) (1 e x )

( 1) e 2x
y p Y (1 e y ) 1 ex
....
2!

After ignoring the 2nd order terms

y p Y (1 e y ) 1 e x

y p Y 1 ex ey e y ex
opening

1 ex

series

( 1) e 2x
1 ex
....
2!

y p Y Y ex Yey Y e y ex

Y Y ex Yey Y ey ex

Applying

Expectation on bothside

E y p Y E Y ex Ye y Y e y ex

E y p Y Y E (ex ) YE (e y ) Y E (e y ex )

We know that
E ( ex ) 0

and

E (e x e y )

E (e y ) 0

and

S xy 1

XY n

So
E yp Y Y
E yp Y

S xy 1 1

X Y n N

S xy 1

X n

0 so

its biased .

Squaring both sides

y p Y Y ex ey
2

2 2 2
2 2
2
p Y Y ex Y e y 2Y ex e y
2

Applying

Expectation both sides

E y p Y E Y 2 2ex2 Y 2e y2 2Y 2 ex e y
2

E y p Y Y 2 2 E (ex2 ) Y 2 E (e 2y ) 2Y 2 E (ex e y )
2

S x2 1 1
E (e ) 2
X n N
2
x

Where
E (ex ey )

S y2 1 1
E (e ) 2
Y n N
2
y

and

S xy 1 1

XY n N

E yp Y

E yp Y

E yp Y

S y2 1
S x2 1 1
2
Y

Y
2
X 2 n N
n
Y
2

S xy 1
1
2
2Y

N
XY n

Y 2 1 1
1 1
Y 1 1
S
S y2
2 S xy

2
X n N
n N
X n N
1
1 1
Y2
2 1 1

2 2 2 1
2
S x R S y
2 S xy R

where R 2
n N
X
n N
n N

2
x

1 1
.........( A)..equation
n N

E y p Y 2 S x2 R 2 S y2 2 S xy R
2

Partial

Differentiate w.r .t

E yp Y

S R S
2

2
x

Putting equal to Zero

1 1
0
n N
2 S x2 R 2 2 S xy R 0

2 S

2
x

R 2 2 S xy R

2 S x2 R 2 2 S xy R

2 S xy R
2 S x2 R 2
S xy
S x2 R

2
y

2 S xy R

Now

putting

( )in Eqution....( A)...

S 2
1 1
S xy

xy
2
2
2

V ( y p ) 2 S x R S y 2
S
R

xy

S 2 R
n
N
S x R

( S xy ) 2
1 1
S xy
2
2
2
V ( yp )
S R S y 2 2 S xy R
(S 2 ) 2 R2 x
n N
Sx R
x

( S xy ) 2
( S xy ) 2 1 1
2
V ( yp )
Sy 2 2
(S 2 )
Sx
x

n N

(
S
)
xy
2
V ( yp ) Sy
2

S
x

where

1

n

S xy
Sx S y

so S x S y S xy

V yp

min

V yp

min

V yp

min

V yp

min

( S x S y ) 2 1 1
S

n N
S

2 S x2 S y2 1 1
2

Sy
2

n N
Sx

1 1
S y2 2 S y2
n N
2
y

1 1

n N

S y2 1 2

For Checking
V y V yp

min

Efficiency
0

then V y p

Where V y S y2

min

more..efficient

and V y p

min

1 1
S y2 1 2

n N

1 1
1 1
S y2 1 2
0
n N
n N

S y2

S y2

1
2 1
Sy
N
n

1
1
2 2 1
Sy 0
N
n N

1 1
0 2 0 so
n N

2 S y2

So V y p

is More

Efficient .

Separate Product Mean

Estimator
Ph
y ps Wh
Xh
h 1
L

y p1

y1
y
y
x1 , y p 2 2 x2 ........ y pL L xL
X1
X2
XL

y ps

N1 y1
N y
N y
x1 2 2 x2 ...... L L xL
N X1
N X2
N XL

y ps

N1
N
N
y p1 2 y p 2 ..... L y pL
N
N
N

y ps W1 y p1 W2 y p 2 ........ WL y pL
L

y ps Wh y ph
h 1

y ps Wh
h 1

we can write this as

yh xh
Xh

Ph
y ps Wh
Xh
h 1
L

Where

p h yh xh

the estimate of the product

p h yh xh

hth

of the means of the

stratrum in
the population. This estimator will often be
used if the two variables are supposed to be
strongly negatively correlated.

Now we check its Biasdness

Relative measure of error.

eyh

yh Yh
Yh

Yh eyh yh Yh

Yh eyh Yh yh
Yh (eyh 1) yh

Similarly

X h (exh 1) xh

Now finally,
Yh (eyh 1) X h (exh 1)

y ps Wh
Xh

h 1
L

y ps Wh Yh (eyh 1)(exh 1)
h 1

y ps WhYh (eyh exh eyh exh 1)

h 1

h 1

h 1

y ps WhYh WhYh (e y ex ey ex )

y ps Y WhYh (e y ex e y ex )
h 1

y ps Y WhYh (e y ex e y ex )
h 1

Taking Expectation

W Y (e e

E ( y ps Y ) E
Opening

h 1

h h

y x

e y e x )

Sum

E ( y ps Y ) E W1Y1 (e y1ex1 e y1 ex1 ) W2Y2 (e y 2ex 2 e y 2 ex 2 ) .... WLYL (e yL exL e yL exL )

E ( y ps Y ) W1Y1 E (e y1ex1 e y1 ex1 ) W2Y2 E (e y 2 ex 2 e y 2 ex 2 ) .... WLYL E (e yLexL e yL exL )
W1Y1 E (e y1ex1 ) E (e y1 ) E (ex1 ) W2Y2 E (e y 2 ex 2 ) E (e y 2 ) E (ex 2 ) ....

... WLYL E (eyL exL ) E (e yL ) E (exL )

E ( y ps Y )

We know that
E (exh e yh )

E (exh )

E ( xh X h ) E ( yh Yh )
Xh
Yh

E ( xh X h )
0
Xh

S 1 1
Cov( xh , yh )
xy
X hYh
X hYh n N

Sx2
C 2x
2
Xh

Sy2

Y h2

E (e yh )

C2y

S xy

X hYh

C xy

E ( yh Yh )
0
Yh

Putt results in equation no.1

S xy1 1 1

S xy 2
S xyL 1 1
1 1
0 0

W
Y

....

W
Y

2
2
L
L

X Y n
0
2
L L L NL
X 1Y1 n1 N1

X 2Y 2 n2 N

W1Y1

S xy 1

1
0 0

X hYh nh N h

E ( y ps Y ) WhYh
h 1

S xy 1
1

X hYh nh N h

E ( y ps Y ) WhYh
h 1

Baised

Now for Variance

Squaring on both sides and Apply Expectation

2
2
2
W
Y
(
e
e

e
)
..................(ii )

h h
y x
y
x
h 1

E ( y ps Y ) E
2

Opening

Sum

E ( y ps Y ) E
2

h 1

And

Y h2 (2e yh exh e 2 yh e 2 xh )

Apply

Expectation

W1Y1 (2e y1ex1 e 2 y1 e 2 x1 ) W2Y2 (2e y 2ex 2 e 2 y 2 e 2 x 2 ) ..

E ( y ps Y ) E

2
2
..... WLYL (2e yL exL e yL e xL )

W1Y1 E (2ey1ex1 e 2 y1 e 2 x1 ) W2Y2 E (2e y 2ex 2 e 2 y 2 e 2 x 2 ) ...

E ( y ps Y )

2
2
.... WLYL E (2eyL exL e yL e xL )

W1Y1 E (2e y1ex1 ) E (e 2 y1 ) E (e 2 x1 ) W2Y2 E (2e y 2ex 2 ) E (e 2 y 2 ) E (e 2 x 2 ) ..

2

E ( y ps Y )
2
2

.. WLYL E (2e yL exL ) E (e yL ) E (e xL )

Applying Expectation

E ( y ps Y ) W 2 hY h2[ E (2e yh exh ) E (e 2 yh ) E (e 2 xh )]

2

h 1

As we know that
E ( xh X h ) 2 S 2 xh
E (e xh )

X 2h
X h2
2

1
1

nh N h

2
E ( xh X h ) 2 S yh 1
1
E (e yh )

Y h2
Yh 2 nh N h
2

E (exh eyh )

S xyh
X hYh

E ( xh X h )( yh Yh ) Cov( xh , yh )

X hYh
X hYh

Cxyh

S 2 xh
C 2 xh
2
Xh

S 2 yh

Yh

C 2 yh

Putt in equation (ii)

L

1
S xyh 1 1
2 1 1
1
1
2 1
S

xh
2 yh
2
Y
n
N
X
n
N
X
Y
n
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h
h

Nh

E ( y ps Y ) W 2 hY h2
2

h 1

Rh

Yh
Xh

V ( y ps ) Wh S yh
h 1

1
2 1 1

1
1 1
2
Rh S xh
2 Rh S xyh

n
N
n
N
n
h
h
h Nh
h

Taking common
L

1
1
S yh 2 Rh 2 S xh 2 2 Rh S xyh
nh N h

V ( y ps ) Wh 2
h 1

1
1
V ( y ps ) Wh
S yh 2 Rh 2 S xh 2 2 Rh S xyh
h 1
nh N h
L

This is the required variance.

Example:
A psychologist needs information on average duration of sleep (in hours)
during night for the persons equal, or over, 50 years of age in a certain locality.
Voters' list for the locality is used to prepare the list of persons aged 50 years
or more. This population frame has 546 such persons. A WOR equal probability
sample of 30 persons is drawn. Information regarding the age and duration of
sleep gathered from the sampled persons is given in table 7.5.
Table 7.5 Age and average duration of sleep (in hours) for sample persons
Person

Age(x)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

62
75
51
57
81
79
67
74
84
56
68
70
59
64
53

Duration of
sleep (y)
7.00
5.00
8.00
7.75
5.00
5.25
7.00
6.25
4.50
7.75
7.00
7.00
7.25
6.75
8.50

Person

Age (x)

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

66
78
63
77
73
55
71
63
87
61
58
60
69
56
71

Duration of
sleep (y)
7.00
5.75
6.75
5.50
4.75
7.30
6.00
6.50
4.50
6.25
6.25
6.50
6.00
6.50
5.75

The average age of persons in the target population is 70 years. Treating

age as the auxiliary variable, estimate average duration of sleep in the
population. Build up the confidence interval for it, and also, estimate percent

relative efficiency of this estimator in relation to the SRS based usual mean
estimator y.

Solution:
We have N= 546 and n=30. The average duration of sleep for
respondents is likely to decrease with increase in age. In order to be sure that
the product method of estimation could work well, we first work out

y
= 6.38

= 66.93

2
y

R
= 70,

= .09532

S xy

2
x

= 1.084

Y
X

=92.409 , and

= - 8.885

These figures in turn yield the sample estimate of the correlation coefficient as

S xy
S x2 S y2
8.885
(1.084)(94.409)

r 0.89

The product method of estimation could be used profitably. Thus, we get, the
estimate of average duration of sleep as

yp

yx
X

(6.38)(66.93)
70
6.10

MSE ( y p ) S y2 R 2 S x2 2 RS xy
1.084 + .09532

.00724

92.409

2 .09532 8.885 310 5416