ALARM SYSTEM DESIGN

BY
AKINLOLU OLAJIDE KABIR

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT
This report details the design of a hybrid alarm system. Its called a hybrid alarm system because
it is a combination of both fire and burglar alarm system. It covers the aspect of the design
process, from the starting design specifications and application of various sensor aspect. Project
goals included a system that would provide adequate security against burglar and fire

INTRODUCTION
1.1

BACKGROUND

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion, unauthorized entry into a building or
area. Security alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for
protection against burglary or property damage, as well as personal protection against
intruders. Car alarms likewise protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security
systems for control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide
both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined with closedcircuit television surveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may
interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small, selfcontained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with computer monitoring and
control.

1.2

OBJECTIVE

The goal for this document is to outlay a design for a burglar and fire alarm system that can be
activated automatically and manually. Which would also have wireless transmitters for enabling
and disabling the alarm system

1.3

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

The system which comprises of three main section; the input devices (which are the wireless
transmitter, the door sensors, window sensors, perimeter sensors and smoke and heat detectors),
main control unit and the output/alarming devices (siren, strobe lights etc.)
1.3.1

ALARM INPUT DEVICES

This includes wireless button transmitter which will be able to enable and disable the alarm
system, door and window sensors that will detect an intrusion, heat and smoke detector for
sensing fire threats to the property and a manual switch which can be trigger by the operator
incase of an emergency.
1.3.2

MAIN CONTROL UNIT

The control panel is the brain of the alarm system. It is responsible for monitoring the various
alarm input devices such as manual and automatic detection components, and then activating
alarm output devices such as the siren and strobe light.
1.3.3

ALARM OUTPUT DEVICES

The alarm output devices such as the siren, horn or strobe lights are the component of the alarm
system that warn the user of a security threats. Alarming devices also scare burglars away and
alerts the neighbors of any situation.

THE DESIGN

RF
Transmitt
er

Main control unit

siren

Door
sensor

Window
sensor

Fig 2.0 Block diagram

RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

2.1

DETAILED SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1.1

FIRE ALARM

Using photoelectric smoke detector. With minimal external components. The design incorporates
a gain-selectable photo amplifier for use with an infrared emitter detector pair.
An internal oscillator strobes power to the smoke detection circuitry every 10 seconds, to keep
the standby current to a minimum. If smoke is sensed, the detection rate is increased to verify an
Alarm condition.
This photoelectric smoke detector circuit type smoke detector alarm will check for a low battery
condition every 86 seconds, and chamber integrity is tested once every 43 seconds, when in
Standby. Utilizing low power CMOS technology, the RE46C190 was designed for use in smoke
detectors that comply with Underwriters Laboratory Specification UL217 and UL268.
This smoke detector circuit project require a 3 volt DC power supply circuit , you can also use a
simple 3 volt battery ( because it has a very low power consumption ).
C2 should be located as close as possible to the device power pins, and C1 should be located as
close as possible to VSS.
Schottky diode D1 must have a maximum peak current rating of at least 1.5A (for best results it
should have forward voltage specification of less than 0.5V at 1A, and low reverse leakage) and
L1 inductor must have a maximum peak current rating of at least 1.5A.

Pin nr 12 us an interconnect pin that allows multiple detectors to be connected such that, when
one unit alarms, all units will sound (using pin 12 pin you can create a smoke detector alarm
circuit for many rooms ).
Fig 2.1 fire alarm circuit diagram
2.1.2

BURGLAR ALARM

This burglar alarm system circuit is using an infrared proximity detector that triggers an alarm
when the rays falling on its sensor are interrupted. The circuit of IR burglar alarm system
comprises transmitter and receiver-cum-alarm sections. It works off 6V DC, 500mA
uninterrupted supply. LED2 is used for indicating power-on.
The transmitted IR signal directly falls on IR sensor TSOP1738. Whenever the IR signal is
interrupted, its output pin 3 goes low and IC2 is triggered at pin 5 through transistor T2. As a
result, its output at pin 7 goes low (for a preset time) to forward bias siren-driver transistor T2.
This condition is indicated by the glowing of LED1. The time-out period can be increased or
decreased by changing the value of capacitor C6.
The output tone of siren-sound generator IC3 can be set by connecting its pin 6 to either Vcc or
GND. When pin 6 is connected to Vcc IC3 produces the sound of fire-alarm siren, but when you
connect it to GND it produces the sound of ambulance siren.

Fig 2.2 circuit diagram of the burglar alarm

2.2

COMPONENT USED

The components used in the circuit are:

Regulated power supply

Resistances
Capacitors
Diodes
LEDs
Thermistor
Integrated chips
Transistors

2.3

DEFINITIONS

2.3.1

Regulated Power supply

A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit, or stand-alone unit, the function of which is to
supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within
certain power supply limits. The output from the regulated power supply may be alternating or
unidirectional, but is nearly always DC (Direct Current).
The type of stabilization used may be restricted to ensuring that the output remains within certain
limits under various load conditions, or it may also include compensation for variations in its
own supply source. The latter is much more common today.
2.3.2

Resistances

The electrical resistance of an electrical element measures its opposition to the passage of an
electric; the inverse quantity is electrical conductance, measuring how easily electricity flows
along a certain path. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with the mechanical
notion of friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm, while electrical conductance is
measured in Siemens.

2.3.3

Capacitor

A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used

to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain
at least two conductors separated by a non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical
systems, for example, consist of metal foils separated by a layer of insulating film.
2.3.4

Diode

In electronics, a diode is a type of two-terminal electronic component with a nonlinear current

voltage characteristic. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece
of semiconductor material connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode (now
rarely used except in some high-power technologies) is a vacuum tube with two electrodes:
a plate and a cathode.
2.3.5

LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps
in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic
component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are
available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

2.3.6

Thermistor

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance varies significantly with temperature, more so
than in standard resistors. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current limiters,
temperature sensors, self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.
2.3.7

Integrated Chips

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip)
is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface
of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Additional materials are deposited and patterned to
form interconnections between semiconductor devices.

Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized
the world of electronics. Computers, cell phones, and other digital appliances are now
inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of
production of integrated circuits.
2.3.8

Transistors

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is

composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external
circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current
flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much
more than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors
are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is ubiquitous
in modern electronic systems. Following its release in the early 1950s the transistor
revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and
cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things.

INSTALLATION