Benefit study chemistry

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Exploit the substance to useful product in our life.

To understand our world and creation of the world
Supervise change of the substance for human advantage and their environment
By chemistry human can make fertilizer for success in agriculture
By chemistry, we can exploit the natural resources in a maximal and efficient manner
Knowing danger substance and substance which not danger

The relationship between chemistry with other disciplines

1. Chemistry with pharmacy Use when the pharmacist compound medicines
2. Chemistry with agriculture Use when using pesticide, fertilizer, and preservative
substance
3. Chemistry with physic How the batere can make electric
4. Chemistry with biology Use when learn photosynthesis process and the other process
which happen in our body
5. Archaeology Use when archaeologist examine carefully, such as determine the age of
dinosaurs anatomy
6. Toxicology Use to find substance which poisonous or not and to find this medicine

1. Daltons Atomic Theory

Dalton make assertions about atoms, those are :

1. Every substance consist with particle which its cant to divide again. Name is atomic.
2. Atoms of each element are identical, Atoms of different element has different
characteristic.
3. Atoms of each element can not change to the other element, cant be diminished or
created into the other atomic.
4. Completely agreed form when atoms of two different element or much combine with
certain comparison.
But, Daltons idea are not true and cant to receive. The important things from Daltons
theory which can receive are:
1. Atom is a builder unit from all the matery
2. Atom is a smallest part of element which has same characteristic with their element.
3. In chemistry reaction, atom can not be diminished, created, or transformed into other
atomic.

2. Thomsons Atomic Theory

Thomson described atom as a positively charged sphere containing several negatively
charged particles called electrons. The electrons are scattered in the sphere like raisins in palm
pudding.

3. Rutherfords Atomic Theory

Based on experiment by shooting the alpha particles (positively charged particles) on the
thin plate of gold, most of alpha particles continued because they touch the free space in the
gold atoms. The other small parts are being turned because they touch the nucleus. And that of
reflected are alpha particles which exactly collide the nucleus.

4. Bohrs Theory
Bohr explain :

Atom consist of proton and electron which surrounded the nucleus on certain level
energy
If the electron has moving from outer to the inner path, electrons will release the energy
( excitation )
If the electron has moving from inner to the outer path, electron will absorb energy
(incitation)
If the electron dont absorb or release energy called stationary situation.

The weakness Bohr theory :

This theory is not suitable to atom which has many proton
Excess Bohr Theory :
This theory is very suitable with simple atom ( atom which has a little proton and
electron)

5. Mechanic Quantum

Shells formed cloud , so the position of electron can not knowing.

Excess Mendeleyevs periodic :

Mendeleyev take place the tellurium element (120) before iodine (127)
The placement of the noble gasses in the Mendeleyevs periodic table do not modify the
early formation of the other elements.
The weakness:
That is some sequence of the elements placement apparently in appropriate with the
increase of their atomic mass.

What is the second ionization energy ????? Why second ionization energy is the greater
then the first ???
Second ionization energy is release two electron valency.
Because amount of energy which released is decreasing, the ionization energy is grater
cause energy to the nucleus is stronger.