DEFINTION OF CHEMISTRY

Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the

composition, structure, properties and change of matter.
Chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of
individual atoms, how atoms form chemical bonds to
create chemical compounds, the interactions of
substances through intermolecular forces that give
matter its general properties, and the interactions
between substances through chemical reactions to form
different substances. Chemistry is sometimes called the
central science because it bridges other natural sciences,
including physics, geology and biology. For the
differences between chemistry and physics
see Comparison of chemistry and physics.

HISTORY OF CHEMSITRY
The history of chemistry represents a time span
from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC,
civilizations used technologies that would eventually form
the basis to the various branches of chemistry. Examples
include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and
glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals
from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat
into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.
The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was
unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its
transformations. However, by performing experiments
and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for
modern chemistry. The distinction began to emerge when

a clear differentiation was made between chemistry and

alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical
Chymist (1661). While both alchemy and chemistry are
concerned with matter and its
transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific
method to their work.Chemistry is considered to have
become an established science with the work of Antoine
Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of
mass that demanded careful measurement and
quantitative observations of chemical phenomena.
The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of
thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard
Gibbs.

BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure,
properties, and preparation of chemical compounds that
consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen.
Organic chemistry overlaps with many areas including
Medicinal chemistry - the design, development, and
synthesis of medicinal drugs. It overlaps with
pharmacology (the study of drug action).
Organometallic chemistry - the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a
metal.
Polymer chemistry - the study of the chemistry of
polymers.

Physical organic chemistry - the study of the

interrelationships between structure and reactivity in
organic molecules.1
Stereochemistry - the study of the spatial
arrangements of atoms in molecules and their effects on
the chemical and physical properties of substances.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and
behaviour of inorganic compounds.
It covers all chemical compounds except organic
compounds.
Inorganic chemists study things such as crystal
structures, minerals, metals, catalysts, and most
elements in the Periodic Table.
Branches of inorganic chemistry include:
Bioinorganic chemistry - the study of the interaction of
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
effect on enzyme activity.
Geochemistry - the study of the chemical composition
and changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of the
earth or a celestial body.
Nuclear chemistry - the study of radioactive
substances.
Organometallic chemistry - the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a
metal.
Solid-state chemistry - he study of the synthesis,
structure, and properties of solid materials.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Analytical chemistry involves the qualitative and
quantitative determination of the chemical components
of substances.
Examples of areas using analytical chemistry include:

Forensic chemistry - the application of chemical

principles, techniques, and methods to thinvestigation of
crime.
Environmental chemistry - the study of the chemical
and biochemical phenomena that occur ithe
environment.It relies heavily on analytical chemistry and
includes atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry.
Bioanalytical Chemistry - the examination of biological
materials such as blood, urine, hair, saliva, and sweat to
detect the presence of specific drugs.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Physical Chemistry - the study of the effect of chemical
structure on the physical properties of a substance.
Physical chemists typically study the rate of a chemical
reaction, the interaction of molecules with radiation, and
the calculation of structures and properties.
Sub-branches of physical chemistry include:
Photochemistry - the study of the chemical changes
caused by light.
Surface chemistry - the study of chemical reactions at
surfaces of substances. It includes topics like adsorption,
heterogeneous catalysis, formation of colloids, corrosion,
electrode processes, and chromatography.
Chemical kinetics - the study of the rates of chemical
reactions, the factors affecting those rates, and the
mechanism by which the reactions proceed.
Quantum chemistry - the mathematical description of
the motion and interaction of subatomic particles. It
incorporates quantization of energy, wave-particle
duality, the uncertainty principle, and their relationship to
chemical processes.
Spectroscopy - the use of the absorption, emission, or
scattering of electromagnetic radiation by matter to study
the matter or the chemical processes it undergoes.

BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry - is the study of chemical reactions that
take place in living things. It tries to explain them in
chemical terms.
Biochemical research includes cancer and stem cell
biology, infectious disease, and cell membrane and
structural biology.
It spans molecular biology, genetics, biochemical
pharmacology, clinical biochemistry, and agricultural
biochemistry.
Molecular biology - the study of the interactions
between the various systems of a cell, such as the
different types of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis.
Genetics - the study of genes, heredity, and variation in
living organisms.
Pharmacology - the study of mechanisms of drug action
and the influence of drugs on an organism.
Toxicology - a sub-branch of pharmacology that studies
the effects of poisons on living organisms.
Clinical biochemistry - the study of the changes that
disease causes in the chemical composition and
biochemical processes of the body.
Agricultural biochemistry - the study of the chemistry
that occurs in plants, animals, and microorganisms.
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY CHEMISTRY IN
MARINE TRANSPORTATION COURSE?

Because in Marine Transportation course, For we

know what we should do if there was leakage in
shipment. And we also know what the ways to

prevent the leakage and above all to prevent the

accident.

RESEARCH
ASSIGNMEN
T
IN

CHEMISTRY

Maurice P. Abarado
MT12KA1

Engr. Efren Chavez