By, Tosh Kumar 0412210054 CS,4th year

RFID-What it is?
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, r
elying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or
transponders. • RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that inco
rporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequ
ency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object
, animal, or person. • An alternative to bar code. • RFID is also called dedicat
ed short range communication (DSRC).
• •
Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman. Initial application was during World War II-
The United Kingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes
from inbound German ones. RADAR was only able to signal the presence of a plane,
not the kind of plane it was.. Came into commercial use only in 1990s.
•
Components of RFID
Components of RFID(cont’d)
Passive RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
• Battery Powered tags – Have much greater range – 100m – Hold much more informa
tion – Kbytes – Can integrate sensing technology • Temperature, GPS – Can signal
at defined time – Multiple tags can be recorded at once • Used for higher value
items – Shipping containers – Babies – Electronic assets • Cost between $20 and
$40 per item • Life between 2 – 4 years
Components of RFID(cont’d)
Active RFID Tag Power Source Internal to tag Passive RFID Energy transferred usi
ng RF from reader No Only in field of reader Very High Up to 3-5m, usually less
Few hundred within 3m of reader 128 bytes of read/write
Tag Battery Availability of power Required signal strength to Tag Range Multi-ta
g reading
Yes Continuous Very Low Up to 100m 1000’s of tags recognized – up to 100mph Up t
o 128Kb or read/write with sophisticated search and access
Data Storage
Components of RFID(cont’d)
Electronic product code-EPC
• Each tag contains a unique code that facilitating the identification process &
is known as EPC. • E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits) • Header – defines
version of EPC(8 bits) • EPC Manager – describes originator of EPC (Product man
ufacturer) (28 bits) • Object Class - Could describe the product type (24 Bits)
• Serial Number – Unique ID for that product item (36 Bits)
System overview
RFID Vs Bar Code
RFID Forging is difficult Barcode Forging is easy Scanner not required. No need
Scanner needs to see the bar to bring the tag near the code to read it reader RF
ID is comparatively fast Can read multiple tags Relatively expensive as compared
to Bar Codes (Reader 1000$, Tag 20 cents a piece) Can be reusable within factor
y premises Cannot be reused Can read only one tag at a time
Benefits of RFID
• Gillette & Co: • Objective: To Track movement of product from Packaging Center
to Plant’s distribution center. • Previously->Using Bar Code, time taken=80 sec
to 20 min • 1999->With RFID it takes 20 seconds. • Gains->Gillette saves 20% in
Operational Cost at each Distribution Center.
Issues / Concerns
Uses of RFID
• • • • • • • Used where unique identification is needed. Large Retail companies
– Product Tracking. Hospitals & Nursing Homes – Patient Tagging . Airports – Ba
ggage Tracking. Security Applications – Contactless Smart Cards. RFID Readers co
uld also WRITE onto Tags. RFID Sensors to sense temperature, movement, radiation
, food quality. • Passports-UK, Australia, Finland, Ireland. • RFID is used in L
ibraries. • Replacing Barcodes.
Initiatives in RFID
• Patni Computer Systems Lab – Implemented Animal Tracking System • Wipro Techno
logies - Member of the Electronic Product Code (EPC) - Setting up a lab to study
RFID - Working on pilot projects • Infosys Technologies – RFID consulting on lo
gistics player in the RFID space. • TCS have tied up with Hyderabad university t
o produce RFID tagged mark sheets & degrees to deter use of fake degree. • Intel
licon - pilot project for BEL Bangalore, tags installed on employee buses. Buses
inside the BEL campus were tracked with the aim of gauging employee punctuality
.