Manual de Baterías 2106

Application Manual & Product Information for
NSB Series Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Batteries
Application Manual and Product Information

for
NorthStar Battery Company

DCN: SES-544-01-04
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-08

Table of Contents
Table of Figures ........................................................................................................ 3

Introduction............................................................................................................... 4
NSB Series Benefits .................................................................................................. 5
NSB Approvals and Certifications ........................................................................ 6
ISO Certifications ..................................................................................................... 7
NSB Product Specifications.................................................................................... 8
Leak Free Terminations ........................................................................................ 10
Open Circuit Voltage and State of Charge......................................................... 10
Charging .................................................................................................................. 12
Ambient Temperature and Battery Performance.............................................. 15
Cycle Life .................................................................................................................. 17
Low Voltage Disconnect......................................................................................... 18
Optimizing Battery Life and Performance......................................................... 19
Contact Information............................................................................................... 20
Appendix A - Battery/System Sizing Examples .................................................. 21
Appendix B Product Performance Specifications .......................................... 23

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

Table of Figures
Figure 1: Effect of temperature on OCV and SOC..........................................................11
Figure 2: Charge voltage compensation for NSB batteries ..........................................14
Figure 3: Effect of ambient temperature on float life ....................................................16
Figure 4: Effect of DOD and discharge rate on cycle life..............................................17
Figure 5: Recommended EODV as a function of discharge rate .................................18

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

Introduction
he NSB series of premium high density valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA)

batteries from NorthStar Battery has been specifically designed to offer ten to
fifteen years trouble free service in standby emergency power (float) applications as well as
delivering high power and cyclic capability.
This document has been written with two goals in mind. The first is to provide
comprehensive technical information on the full range of batteries from NorthStar Battery
Company. Using this information the reader will be able to select the right battery for a
particular application. Step-by-step examples in the Appendix illustrate the battery sizing
process.
The second goal of this manual is to outline factors that affect battery life and
performance. An understanding of these factors is critical to getting the most out of these
premium batteries.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

NSB Series Benefits
n addition to the benefits offered by its valve regulated technology the NSB
battery offers a long list of features that serve to increase the reliability and
overall performance of your system.

Specifically designed for indoor/outdoor telecom cabinet applications
10 year float life @ 25C (77F) or 15 year float life @ 20C (68F)
Long cycle life capability up to 500 cycles to 80% DOD at C/3 rate
Rapid recharge capability
2 year shelf life
High power output makes the NSB series ideal for UPS systems
3 step terminal seal ensuring leak-free operation
Wide operating temperature range of 40C (-40F) to 60C (140F)
(Continuous operation at or above 55C / 131F requires an optional
metal jacket)
Industrial standard footprints assure mechanical interchangeability
Non-halogenated flame retardant (UL94-V0) PPO case and cover
High conductivity female terminals
High charge acceptance
Can be installed in any orientation (inverted is not recommended)

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

NSB Qualifications, Approvals, and Certifications
SB products have been designed to meet the following international

telecommunication requirements:
Telcordia SR-4228 (Bellcore TR-NWT-000766)

VRLA Battery String Certification Levels Based on Requirements For Safety and
Performance
Bellcore GR-63-Core, Compliance Test Program

Requirement includes seismic zone 4 operation
DOT 49CFR173.159(d) (i) and (ii)

Non-hazardous shipping
UL Approval
All NSB products meet the UL requirements for flame retardancy, UL V-0, and proper
venting operation
Deutsche Telecom TL 4423-06

Both NSB products and manufacturing facility successfully audited and
approved by Deutsche Telecomme
Russian Telecomm
Both NSB products and manufacturing facility successfully audited and approved by
Russian Telecomm
British Standard BS 6290: Part 4: 1997

Lead-acid stationary cells and batteries specification for classifying valve regulated types
IEC 6096-21/22. 2003

New global standard for stationary value regulated lead-acid batteries

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

Telkom Specification SP-AP0016

South Africa Network Stationary Batteries
Eurobatt
Design life >15-years @ 20C (68F)
ISO Certifications
n addition NorthStar Battery Company has been fully tested and approved to
ISO 9001 and 14001 standards making it one of the most environmentally
friendly lead-acid battery manufacturing facilities in the world today.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

NSB Product Specifications

Industrial Range
NSB40
NSB70
NSB75
NSB90
NSB125
Height
176mm
6.93
176mm
6.93
200mm
7.87
213mm
8.39
275mm
10.81
Length
197mm
7.76
331mm
13.02
261mm
10.27
341mm
13.42
345mm
13.57
Width
165mm
6.50
165mm
6.50
173mm
6.80
173mm
6.80
173mm
6.80
Weight
16.0kg
35.3lbs
27.3kg
60.0lbs
27.3kg
60.0lbs
37.8kg
83.1lbs
54.0 kg
119lbs
Terminal
M6 x 1.25
M6 x 1.25
M6 x 1.25
C/10 Cap
40Ah
66Ah
69Ah
96Ah
129Ah
Impedance
(1kHz)
4.5m
2.7m
2.6m
2.0m
2.0m
Conductance
@ 25C (77F)
1,052S
1,589S
1,398S
1,806S
2,103S
Short-circuit
Current
2,000A
3,200A
3,200A
4,300A
5,000 A

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
M6 x 1.25 M6 x 1.25

Front Terminal Range
NSB40F NSB60F
T
T
NSB90F
T
NSB100F
T
NSB110F
T
NSB130F
T
NSB170F
T
Height
209mm
8.21
263mm
10.35
255mm
10.04
287mm
11.30
227mm
8.94
253mm
9.95
320mm
12.60
Length
250mm
9.84
287mm
11.30
396mm
15.59
396mm
15.59
560mm
22.05
427mm
16.82
560mm
22.05
Width
98mm
3.81
108mm
4.24
108mm
4.24
108mm
4.24
125mm
4.92
160mm
6.3
125mm
4.92
Weight
15.3kg
27.9lbs
21.0kg
46.2lbs
32.0kg
70.6lbs
35.6kg
78.5lbs
41.4kg
91.3lbs
55.0kg
118.0lbs
59.5kg
131.2lbs
Terminal
M6 x
1.25
M8 x
1.25
M8 x
1.25
M8 x 1.25
M8 x 1.25
M8 x 1.25
M8 x 1.25
C/8 Cap
38Ah
58Ah
88Ah
101Ah
110Ah
127Ah
171Ah
Impedance
(1kHz)
6.5m
4.1m
2.9m
2.5m
2.2m
2.0m
1.5m
Conducta
nce
1,092S
1,278S
1,627S
1,704S
2,159S
2,231S
2,455S
1,400A
2,000A
3,000A
3,500A
4,000A
6,500A
5,000A
@ 25C
(77F)
Shortcircuit
Current

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09

Leak Free Terminations
orthStar batteries are produced with rugged, highly conductive, brass

terminals. To take advantage of the design and insure a long life low resistance
connection, the battery terminals should be coated

with NO-OXID or similar material. Stainless steel
hardware, with a minimum of 6mm engagement,
torqued to 6.0 Nm/53 in-lbs
is recommended. In portable applications, or
installations where periodic retorquing of terminals is
limited, a spring washer is recommended. This will
reduce the loosening effects of material creep,
temperature expansion and vibration.
Open Circuit Voltage and State of Charge
he following figure shows the relationship between the open circuit voltage
(OCV) and the state of charge (SOC) as determined experimentally for the NSB
range of VRLA batteries.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
10

NSB Shelf Life

13.0
100%
12.9
94%
12.8
88%
12.7
81%
12.5
OCV /Volts
75%
25C (77F), 1.4 mV/day, 0.09%/day
69%
12.4
63%
12.3
56%
12.2
50%
12.1
44%
55C, (131F) 7.2 mV/day, 0.50%/day
12.0
38%
11.9
31%
11.8
25%
11.7
19%
11.6
13%
11.5
SOC
12.6
6%
71C (160F), 19.6 mV/day, 1.2%/day
11.4
0%
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
Duration /days
Figure 1: Effect of temperature on OCV and SOC

Measuring the open-circuit voltage is an excellent way of estimating the %SOC of NSB
batteries, since the open-circuit voltage is a direct function of the concentration of
electrolyte within the battery. As the concentration of electrolyte decreases so too does the
%SOC. The relationship can be linearly approximated by the following equation:
%SOC@ C/20 = OCV x 62.5 712.5

In order to be accurate the open-circuit voltage should not be measured within a minimum
of 4-hours of being discharged or recharged.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
11

Charging
harging is one of the most critical factors that determine the life expectancy of a
valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) battery and the NSB series from NorthStar
Battery is no exception. There are two broad categories of charging, constant current (CC)
charging or constant voltage (CV) charging.
Constant current (CC) charging
As the name implies, in CC charging a current of constant magnitude is forced into
the battery, regardless of the state of charge of the battery. While CC charging rapidly
replaces the ampere-hours lost by the battery, it is very easy to dangerously overcharge the
battery with this method of charge. This is the main reason why CC charging on a regular
basis is not recommended for the NSB battery.
Since a CC charge provides each battery in the series string with exactly the same
amount of ampere-hours this charge technique is well suited to equalize a series string that
comprises cells in various states of charge.
As the battery charges, its terminal voltage increases. Since the CC charger is
designed to provide the same current throughout the charge cycle, its voltage must increase
in order to overcome the rising battery voltage and push a constant current into the battery.
Constant voltage (CV) charging
n contrast to CC charging it is the charge voltage rather than the charge current
that remains constant during the charge cycle. As the battery charges its
terminal voltage increases, the charge current drops as the chargers output voltage

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
12

remains constant. This automatic regulation of the charge current makes CV charging the
preferred charge technique for VRLA batteries.
The charge voltage should be controlled to within 1% of the values shown in Figure 2
below for optimum performance.
Figure 2 also shows that the charge voltage should be compensated for temperature. The
thermal compensation coefficient for float and cycling applications is 4mV per cell per C
variation from 25C (77F). Note that the compensation coefficient is negative, meaning
Applied Voltage / (V/cell)
that the charge voltage must be decreased as the temperature goes up and vice versa.
2.60
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.30
2.28
2.26
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.16
Cyclic
Float
0
(32F
5
(41F
10
(50F)
15
(59F
20
Temperature /C
25
(77F)
30
(86F
35
40
(95F
(104F)
Figure 2: Charge voltage compensation for NSB batteries

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
13

Temp
/C
0
(32F)
Minimum
Float
Voltage
/VPC
Nominal
Float
Voltage
/VPC
Maximum
Float
Voltage
/VPC
Minimum
Cyclic
Voltage
/VPC
Nominal
Cyclic
Voltage
/VPC
Maximum
Cyclic
Voltage
/VPC
2.35
2.37
2.39
2.52
2.55
2.58
2.33
2.35
2.37
2.50
2.53
2.56
2.31
2.33
2.35
2.49
2.51
2.54
2.29
2.31
2.33
2.47
2.49
2.51
2.27
2.29
2.31
2.45
2.47
2.49
2.25
2.27
2.29
2.43
2.45
2.47
2.23
2.25
2.27
2.41
2.43
2.45
2.21
2.23
2.25
2.39
2.41
2.43
2.19
2.21
2.23
2.37
2.39
2.41
2.18
2.20
2.22
2.36
2.38
2.41
2.17
2.19
2.21
2.35
2.37
2.39
2.17
2.17
2.19
2.33
2.35
2.37
5
(41F)
10
(50F)
15
(59F)
20
(68F)
25
(77F)
30
(86F)
35
(95F)
40
(104F)
42
(107.6F)
45
(113F)
50
(122F)
Figure 2: Charge voltage compensation for NSB batteries

The low internal resistance of the NSB battery allows for very high charge
acceptance. These batteries also do not require the charge current to be artificially limited,
as long as constant voltage (CV) charging is used. This characteristic helps the battery
reach a very high (>85%) state of charge (SOC) in less than one hour with a charge current

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
14

of the order of 1C amps, where C is the rated capacity of the battery. Thus, 1C for a 100Ah
battery would be 100 amps.
Ambient Temperature and Battery Performance
eat is the number one killer of batteries it accelerates the failure

mechanisms such as corrosion and dry-out. A good rule of thumb to use is that
for every 10C (18F) increase in ambient temperature the float life of the battery is cut in
half. The NSB battery, which has a float life expectancy of 10 years at 25C (77F), will
only have a useful life of 5 years at 35C (95F). Figure 3 shows the relationship between
temperature and battery life.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
15
Float life to 80% capacity / Yea

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
20
(68F
25
(77F
30
(86F
35
40
45
Ambient temperature / C
50
(122F)
55
60
(113F)
(140F)
Figure 3: Effect of ambient temperature on float life

Note: When mounted in a rack, it is recommended that all NorthStar
products should have a space of approximately 10mm between the batteries
to allow for heat convection. In addition, it is also recommended that the
supporting shelf should have air circulation holes positioned directly below
the gaps between the batteries.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
16

Cycle Life
he cycle life of a battery is dependent upon two discharge factors. The first
factor is the depth of discharge while the second is the discharge rate. Figure 4
shows how these two factors can affect number the cycles you may expect from an optimally
charged
NSB battery.
10000
Cycle Life
C/1
C/3
C/10
1000
100
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% Depth Of Discharge
Figure 5: Effect of DOD and discharge rate on cycle life

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
17

Low Voltage Disconnect
nother key to optimizing battery performance is to ensure that it is not

subjected to an overdischarged condition, particularly for any appreciable
length of time. The only practical way to prevent this condition from occurring is to employ
a low voltage disconnect (LVD) in the load circuit that prevents the battery from
discharging to a level below the designed end of discharge voltage (EODV) value. Although
10.02V is a typical EODV for a 12V battery, the following chart may be used to set the LVD.
Discharge in amps
EODV per 12V battery
0.05C10 (C10/20)
10.5V
0.1C10 (C10/10)
10.2V
0.2C10 (C10/5)
10.02V
0.4C10 (C10/2.5)
9.9V
1C10
9.6V
2C10
9.3V
> 5C10
9.0V
Figure 6: Recommended EODV as a function of discharge rate

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
18

Optimizing Battery Life and Performance
o obtain maximum performance from your battery and get the longest life out of
it is simply a matter of providing the right environment for the battery. The
following checklist is designed to help you optimize your batterys overall performance. The
checklist assumes that the battery is properly sized for the application.
Temperature
Battery ambient temperature of 25C (77F) is ideal. A cooler temperature
will extend battery life but may degrade capacity
If battery temperature varies significantly from 25C (77F), compensating the
battery charge voltage is necessary
Charging
Correct charge parameters are critical to battery longevity
Charge method must be matched to the application; check with the Technical
Support department if you are unsure about the parameters for your
application
Overdischarge
Repeated over-discharge is harmful to the battery
Use of a low voltage disconnect is recommended

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
19

Contact Information
Mailing address:

4000 Continental Way
Springfield, MO 65803
Tel: +1 (417) 575-8200
Fax: +1 (417) 575-8250
Email: info@northstarbattery.com
Functional area
Telephone number
Customer Service
+1 (417) 575-8201
Technical and Quality
+1 (417) 575-8205
Sales and Marketing
+1 (417) 575-8203

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
20

Appendix A - Battery/System Sizing Examples
n this section of the manual we will go through three examples to show how to
select the correct battery size for your application. In the first example the
constant current load is given in amperes and in the second case the battery load is a
constant power in kilowatts. Finally, the third example is slightly more involved as inverter
power factor and efficiency need to be accounted for.
Example 1:
Constant current battery load
Load
180 amps
Support time
45 minutes
Battery voltage
240V
EODV
1.75 VPC
Calculation
The first step is to calculate the number of batteries per series string. In this case
there will be twenty batteries per series string (240V/12V per module = 20 modules) since
each battery has a nominal terminal voltage of 12V.
By looking up the discharge tables for an EODV of 1.75 VPC and a support time of 45
minutes, we find that no single battery is capable of delivering 180A for 45 minutes to 1.75
VPC. We next add a 240V string in parallel, so the load is halved to 90A per string. By
going through the tables again we find that the NSB100FT will support 90.3A for 45
minutes; two parallel strings will support 180.6A for 45 minutes.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
21

Therefore the right battery for this load is two strings of NSB100FT, with each string
comprising twenty batteries in series or forty batteries per system.
Example 2:
Constant power battery load
Load
50 kilowatts (50,000 watts)
Support time
20 minutes
Battery voltage
360V
EODV
1.67 VPC
Calculation
Since the discharge tables give the constant power numbers in watts per cell (WPC)
the first step is to calculate the number of cells per series string. In this case there will be
180 cells per series string (360V/2V per cell = 180 cells) since each cell has a nominal
terminal voltage of 2V.
The next step is to convert the load to a per cell basis. In this example the load is 278
WPC (50,000 watts / 180 cells = 278 WPC). We can now look up the discharge tables
corresponding to a support time of 20 minutes and an EODV of 1.67 VPC. The smallest
battery that can support this load is the NSB90, which is capable of delivering 338.3 WPC
for 20 minutes to 1.67 VPC.
Thus the system in this example will comprise 30 modules of the NSB90 battery.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
22

Example 3:
Constant kilovolt-ampere (KVA) battery load
Load
50 KVA (50,000 VA)
Inverter power factor
0.85
Inverter efficiency
90%
Support time
20 minutes
Battery voltage
360V
EODV
1.67 VPC
Calculation
The first step is to convert the KVA into an equivalent KW by using the following
formula:
Kilowatt = (Kilovolt-ampere Power Factor) Efficiency

Using this formula the above numbers translate into a kilowatt requirement of 47.2
kilowatts. The subsequent steps are identical to those outlined in the second sizing example
given above.
Appendix B Product Performance Specifications
Refer to the NorthStar Battery Company Product Specification Sheets for Current,
Capacity, and Power Performance Figures.

DCN: SES-544-01-05
DCR: 1413-S08
Date: 01-09-09
23

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Application Manual & Product Information for

NSB Series Valve-Regulated Lead Acid Batteries

Application Manual and Product Information

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Table of Figures ........................................................................................................ 3

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

he NSB series of premium high density valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA)

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NSB Series Benefits

overall performance of your system.

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NSB Qualifications, Approvals, and Certifications

SB products have been designed to meet the following international

Telcordia SR-4228 (Bellcore TR-NWT-000766)

Bellcore GR-63-Core, Compliance Test Program

DOT 49CFR173.159(d) (i) and (ii)

Deutsche Telecom TL 4423-06

British Standard BS 6290: Part 4: 1997

IEC 6096-21/22. 2003

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Telkom Specification SP-AP0016

Design life >15-years @ 20C (68F)

friendly lead-acid battery manufacturing facilities in the world today.

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NSB Product Specifications

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Front Terminal Range

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Leak Free Terminations

orthStar batteries are produced with rugged, highly conductive, brass

connection, the battery terminals should be coated

range of VRLA batteries.

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NSB Shelf Life

25C (77F), 1.4 mV/day, 0.09%/day

55C, (131F) 7.2 mV/day, 0.50%/day

71C (160F), 19.6 mV/day, 1.2%/day

Figure 1: Effect of temperature on OCV and SOC

%SOC@ C/20 = OCV x 62.5 712.5

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Applied Voltage / (V/cell)

Figure 2: Charge voltage compensation for NSB batteries

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Figure 2: Charge voltage compensation for NSB batteries

NorthStar Battery Company

Application Manual & Product Information for

Ambient Temperature and Battery Performance

eat is the number one killer of batteries it accelerates the failure

NorthStar Battery Company