Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ii
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ................................................................................................................................. vii
U.S. Export Control Laws Compliance ............................................................................... vii
Notice Concerning Regulatory Status of Diamond Series Lasers ....................................... vii
Notice Concerning Warranty ............................................................................................... vii
Symbols Used in This Manual............................................................................................ viii
iii
Table of Contents
Output Beam .............................................................................................................. 5-3
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
A-1
C-1
C-2
C-3
LIST OF TABLES
1-1
1-2
4-1
A-1
vi
Preface
Preface
U.S. Export
Control Laws
Compliance
Notice
Concerning
Regulatory Status
of Diamond
Series Lasers
This laser component does not include all safety features that are
required by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) in laser
systems sold to end users. It is sold solely to qualified manufacturers
who in their end product, supply interlocks, indicators, and other
required safety features, in full compliance with 21 CFR 1040,
Subchapter J and/or other applicable national and local regulations.
Notice
Concerning
Warranty
vii
Symbols Used in
This Manual
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the presence of
dangerous voltages associated with the laser that may be of
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock.
viii
Purpose of
This Manual
1-1
Specifications
and Input
Requirements
Hardware
Overview
DC Input Power
Cooling
Requirements
Total heat dissipation for the laser is specified in Table 1-2. The laser
head typically dissipates 700 W from its base surface while the RF
power supply typically dissipates 300 W, for a total typical heat
dissipation of 1000 W (maximum total heat dissipation is 1230 W).
The Diamond C-70 must be provided adequate cooling to keep the
laser operating temperature within acceptable limits. The cooling
method that is used must not induce stresses that will result in
misalignment of the laser resonator. The Diamond C-70 heat sinks
are designed so the assembled structure remains free of excessive
stress.
1-2
Comparison of
Air-Cooling and
Liquid-Cooling
(Reference)
LIQUID COOLING
Low in cost
Low in complexity
Easier to install
Liquid-Cooling
Option of the
Diamond C-70
Laser System
Refrigerated
Recirculator
Flow
Laser Head
The laser head takes RF input power and converts some of it to laser
radiation. The rest of the RF input power is exhausted as waste heat.
For the Diamond C-70 liquid-cooled laser, this waste heat is
exhausted into the cooling water that flows through the laser head.
The laser head consists of the folded optical waveguide resonator,
the all-metal gas envelope structure, and RF power supply. Infrared
laser radiation is emitted from the optical aperture. Pictures and
dimensions drawings for the Diamond C-70 liquid-cooled laser are
shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 3-1.
RF Power Supply
1-4
Specifications
Table 1-2. Specifications and Input Requirements for Diamond C-70 Lasers
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATIONS
Wavelength
10.55 m to 10.65 m
70 W
Power Stability2
3%
M 2 = 1.2 0.1
Mode Quality
Beam Size
Beam Divergence
Polarization
> 100 to 1
(Fixed linear, parallel to width dimension)
CONFIGURATION
&
FACILITY
REQUIREMENTS
Weight
0 to 25 kHz, 0 to 100% DC
9.7 kg (21.5 lbs.)
Dimensions L x W x H
Input voltage
Heat Dissipation
< 1230 W
Coolant
Coolant Temperature
Humidity
Non-condensing
Shipping/Storage Environment
1
Power measured @ 25C & derated by 1%/C for higher laser head temperatures
Power Stability based on (Pmax-Pmin)/(2*Pmax) average power measurement @ constant duty cycle after
10-minute warm-up @ operating condition
*DOWFROST is a trademark of the Dow Chemical Company
1-5
1-6
Laser Safety
Direct eye contact with the output beam from the laser will cause
serious damage and may cause blindness.
All personnel in the same room as the laser or anyone who may be
exposed to the laser beam should be informed that a laser is in
operation. All personnel must wear laser safety glasses which
protect against the wavelengths in use.
2-1
Never look directly into the laser output port when the power
is on.
Set up the laser and all optical components used with the laser
away from eye level. Provide enclosures for the laser beam.
Laser Safety
Electrical Safety
Laser Head
High voltages are present in the laser head when the power is on.
There are no serviceable parts or optics within the laser head. Do not
remove any covers or make any adjustments to any screw.
2-3
Laser Safety
Requirements
This laser does not conform to the United States or Foreign Government requirements for laser safety. In the United States, it is the
responsibility of the buyer to ensure that the product sold to the end
user complies with all laser safety requirements prior to resell. These
laser safety requirements are contained in 21 CFR, Sub Chapter J and
are administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health
(CDRH).
The text of this federal law is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office Bookstore located in most major cities in the U.S. as
well as Washington, D.C. A report detailing how the laser product
complies with the Federal law is required before the product is
shipped. The form of this report is covered in a pamphlet entitled:
Guide for Preparing Product Reports for Lasers and Products
Containing Lasers, Sept. 1995:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Division of Small Manufactures Assistance
Rockville, Md 20857
Voice phone: 1-800-638-2041
website: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh
For jurisdictions outside of the United States, it is the responsibility
of the buyer of this laser device to ensure that it meets the local laser
safety requirements.
Safety Interlocks
The RF power supply and laser head covers are not interlocked. These
covers should never be removed. There are no user-serviceable
components inside.
2-4
Laser Safety
Compliance to
Standards
The Diamond C-70 units are components and thus the system
integrator is responsible for meeting the applicable standards for the
CE mark. As part of the testing program, the Diamond C-70 has
been shown to be compliant with the following standards: radiated
emissions (EN 55011 Group 1 Class A) and radiated immunity (IEC
61000-4-2 (1995) Level 3; IEC 61000-4-3 (1995) Level 3; IEC
61000-4-6 (1996) Level 3).
Compliance to the applicable standards for a particular laser system
incorporating the Diamond C-70 unit must be demonstrated by the
manufacturer of the laser tool. By testing the Diamond C-70 OEM
system, it is shown that this step is possible. The primary issue for
the system integrator is to show compliance with specific covers,
routing or electrical cables to laser safety standards as well as other
applicable standards.
Location of
Safety Labels
Waste Electrical
and Electronic
Equipment
(WEEE, 2002)
2-5
TOP VIEW
SIDE VIEWS
Figure 2-2. Location of Safety Labels (Sheet 1 of 4)
2-6
Laser Safety
10
8
FRONT VIEW
BACK VIEW
11
BOTTOM VIEW
Figure 2-2. Location of Safety Labels (Sheet 2 of 4)
2-7
1. IDENTIFICATION LABEL
INSPECTED
INITIALS
DATE
4. QC APPROVAL LABEL
2-8
Laser Safety
6. ROHS E LABEL
S U P P LY
9. COOLANT SUPPLY LABEL
RETURN
10. COOLANT RETURN LABEL
2-9
2 - 10
Unpacking and
Inspection
Verifying Delivery
Checking
Delivered Items
Verify that the delivered laser head model received is the same as the
one ordered. If there is any discrepancy found, contact Coherent
immediately.
Coherent recommends that the shipping box and packing materials
be saved; as these will be required should the laser need to be
shipped back to the factory.
3-1
Safety Issues
in Laser
Installation
Installation of the Diamond C-70 laser must comply with all applicable electrical safety and laser safety laws and regulations. Review
Section Two: Laser Safety for important information relating to
safety.
The negative (return) side of the DC input connection to the
Diamond C-70 RF power supply is connected internally to the
chassis. The user must ensure that the system into which the
Diamond C-70 is built protects against the possibility that the
Diamond C-70 laser head or RF power supply chassis could be at a
hazardous voltage and that personnel could be exposed to these
voltages.
To avoid potentially fatal electrical shock hazards from electrical
equipment, be sure to follow all applicable electrical codes such as
(in the U.S.) the National Electrical Code.
The laser must be secured properly to avoid the possibility of the
laser shifting unexpectedly during operation, creating a hazardous
condition. The location of the output beam of the Diamond C-70
laser head is shown in Figure 3-1. The laser output is emitted from
the aperture shown in the referenced figures and propagates within
a full cone angle up to 5. The acceptance angle of the system
aperture must intercept all of the output of the laser.
It is also extremely important to understand the direction,
divergence, and magnitude of all reflections that will occur from
optical surfaces. Infrared (IR) beams, such as those from
Diamond C-70 lasers, can also be located with commercially
available IR screens, such as those produced by Macken
Instruments, Inc. [tel. (707) 566-2110]. Coherent recommends that
all beam propagation paths be enclosed and that personnel operating
the laser be qualified optical technicians who are familiar with this
type of hardware.
Mechanical
Mounting
3-2
Mounting
Considerations
for Diamond C-70
Liquid-Cooling
AC power cable*
AC Power
Relay
DC
Refrigerated
Recirculator
Coolant
Filter
Flow
Interlock
Switch
Coolant
Electronic
Controller
Coolant
Laser System*
Those items marked with * are supplied by Coherent
Cooling System
Layout
Re-Circulation
and Coolant Flow
Interlock Switch
Signal Interface
The signal interface in the laser interlock system may be used to turn
the laser off when the coolant interlock is breached. With this
approach, the laser is commanded to shut down via the signal
interface, in the event that the coolant interlock system detects a
coolant fault. Coherent recommends that both RF Enable and
Control Enable be commanded to the OFF state when the coolant
interlock system detects a coolant fault. These signals are listed in
Table 4-1 and described in subsections of Section Four: Laser
Operation.
Thermal Shutdown
Switch
3-5
DC Power Relay
Condensation of
Water Vapor
If the coolant temperature is below the dew point of the ambient air,
water will condense out of the air onto the outside of the laser head,
and onto the outside surface and internal surfaces of the RF power
supply. Condensation can damage the output optical element of the
laser head when the laser is turned on, and could damage internal
components of the RF power supply if power is applied while
condensate is present.
Never allow the coolant temperature to fall below the dew point
of the ambient air. Turn the coolant flow off if the laser will be
off or stored for an extended period of time in humid conditions.
If necessary, the laser system can operate with coolant temperatures
slightly below the dew point of the ambient air. This requires special
procedures to be followed, such as shutting off the coolant flow at
all times when the laser is not producing laser output. Contact
Coherent Customer Service for more information about this option
before attempting to operate the system in ambient air below the dew
point.
Coolant Fittings
on Laser System
The Diamond C-70 liquid-cooled laser has 6-mm O.D. tubing for
the connection interface. The user must supply an appropriate
compression fitting to make the connection with the rest of the users
system.
3-6
Cooling Capacity
Coolant Filtering
3-7
Pressure Drop
The pressure drop from the coolant outlet to the coolant inlet of the
refrigerated recirculator will depend on many factors, including:
Flow rate
Temperature
Coolant composition
To achieve the minimum flow rates listed in Table 1-2 on page 1-5,
provide a pressure drop of no more than 35 psi (2.5 kg/cm2) between
coolant inlet and coolant outlet of the laser. In addition, there is some
pressure drop in the cooling lines, which depends primarily on the
diameter and length of these lines.
The selected arrangement, once configured, should be checked for
adequate flow within the specified pressure limits.
3-8
Electrical Power
Connection
Connect leads to the user-supplied power source last after other connections are made.
3-9
DC Power Supply
Requirements
DC Power Supply
Cabling
Requirements
AWG
0 to 2
2 x 17 or 14
2 to 3
2 x 15 or 12
3 to 5
2 x 13 or 10
Note: Typically, doubling the wire at a give length will reduce the AWG by 3.
3 - 10
Control Signal
Connection
In the event that the DC power supply trips because of the current,
there are two countermeasures that can be applied:
3 - 11
Beam
Propagation
12.00
10.00
8.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
500
1000
1500
2000
3 - 12
2500
Laser Operation
For all Diamond C-70 lasers, the signal interface between the
Diamond C-70 laser and the customers equipment is through a
RJ-45 connector that is built into the RF power supply. The pin
assignments for the interface are indicated in Table 4-1. The signal
interface and its use are discussed in detail in this section.
SIGNAL DESCRIPTION
RF Enable
TTL logic input; 1=RF ON, 0=RF OFF; 1 k impedance
This input turns on the laser. See also Pin 7, Control Enable, below
+15 VDC 0.5 VDC, 0.25 Amps maximum output for customer use
LASER OK
TTL logic output; 1=LASER OK, 0=LASER Fault; IOH = 0.4 mA, IOL= 8 mA
Output is asserted when no faults (SWR, Temp. or Volt.) are detected
Indicates that the temperature of the laser head is < 80 C
Temperature OK
TTL logic output; 1=Temp OK, 0=Temp Fault; IOH = 0.4 mA, IOL= 8 mA
Output is asserted when the temperature of the laser head is < 60C
Voltage OK
TTL logic output; 1=Voltage OK, 0=Voltage Fault; IOH = 0.4 mA, IOL= 8 mA
Output is asserted when DC supply voltage (VDD) is between 43 VDC < VDD < 55 VDC
Control Enable
TTL logic input; 1=Laser Control Enabled, 0=Laser Control Disabled
This input must be asserted before RF enable can be used to turn on laser
Operating
Modes
Typical Waveform
t
DC = --- 100
T
t = the pulsewidth
RF Input
t = pulsewidth
T = Pulse Period
Laser Output
PRF = 1/ T
Duty Cycle =
t /T
Laser Operation
CW Mode
Power Stability
Figure 4-2 illustrates the C-70 power stability over the course of a
30-minute warm-up from a cold start.
80
60
40
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Time (min)
Gated CW Mode
4-3
Variable Output,
Power Capability
and Pulsewidth
Variation
All Diamond C-70 lasers provide the capability to vary the average
laser output power continuously from near zero to at least the
Optical Output Power specified in Table 1-2 on page 1-5. The user
can alter the average output power by adjusting the pulsewidth of the
input command RF Enable.
Complex
Modulation
Waveforms
Varying the
Pulsewidth
Some users may require pulsed output with fixed pulsewidth but
variable pulse energy. It is possible to approximate this desired
optical output by pulsing the laser at a relatively high PRF (e.g.,
25 kHz), then envelope-modulating at a lower PRF (e.g., 1 kHz).
Variation of the pulsewidth of the 25 kHz modulation would provide
the ability to vary the pulse energy of the 1 kHz pulses continuously.
Protection from
Unacceptable Inputs
Turning the
Laser On and
Checking
Output Power
The following steps detail the method to turn a Diamond C-70 laser
on and to perform an output power check.
1.
2.
3.
Verify that the system does not have condensation on its outer
surfaces.
4-4
Laser Operation
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
4-5
detailed
in
Electronic
Control
Electronic Signals
Required to Turn
the Laser On
Start-up Sequence
2.
3.
After the Laser OK has been asserted, the laser is ready for
operation.
4.
Laser Operation
Response Times
of Laser to
RF Enable and
Control Enable
+5V
Voltage
Fault
Temperature
Warning
Laser
Fault
PIN 3
PIN 4
PIN 5
4-7
The electric discharge in the laser head is more difficult to start after
extended non-operational periods. As a result, the laser may not start
immediately when it is first commanded to do so after more than a
few hours of being turned off (not lasing). This may occasionally
result in the signal Laser OK becoming Low. This would indicate
a VSWR fault (i.e., high standing wave ratio in the RF supply due to
failure of the electric discharge to light) if Voltage OK and
Temperature OK are still asserted. Such transient indications
when the laser is first turned on do not indicate any failed component
in the laser. To avoid an unwarranted system response to this
occurrence, Coherent recommends that the VSWR fault is logically
qualified to true in the system controller for 1.0 seconds after laser
RF Enable and Control Enable have been active.
If the VSWR Fault Indicator signal indicates VSWR faults for
longer than a couple of seconds during the first operation of the laser
on any given day, this may indicate a genuine fault in the laser. In
this case, the operator should proceed to Section Five: Maintenance
and Troubleshooting.
4-8
Laser Operation
C-70
Microcontroller,
I/O Signal
Operation
The sequence shown in Figure 4-4 is the normal sequence when the
microcontroller comes out of power-on reset (POR). Timing starts
with the supply voltage (+ 48 VDC) going into regulation at t0.
Laser OK then signals the ability for normal laser operation to start.
The laser can be commanded first by asserting Control Enable (at t1)
and then modulating RF Enable (at t2). Modulation of Control
Enable is not recommended for modulation frequencies above
200 Hz.
Supply Voltage
Control_Enable
RF_Enable
Laser_OK
RF Drive
t0
t1
t2
4-9
Supply Voltage
Control_Enable
RF_Enable
Laser_OK
RF Drive
t0
t1
t2
t3
4 - 10
Laser Operation
Temperature Fault
80C
60C
Laser Temperature
Temperature_OK
Laser_OK
RF_Enable
Control_Enable
RF Drive (Internal)
t0
t1
t2 t3
t4
4 - 11
55V
43V
Voltage_OK
Laser_OK
RF_Enable
RF Drive
t0
t1
t2
4 - 12
Cooling System
Maintenance
Cleanliness of
Output Optical
Element
The laser head must never be activated if the output optical element
is contaminated by water, dust, dirt, or any other contaminant.
Operation of the laser head with any contaminant on the surface of
that optical element may result in damage to the coating. If any
contamination is present, the laser must be returned to Coherent so
the problem can be corrected. The customers system design should
also be reviewed to prevent a recurrence of the contamination
problem.
5-1
Troubleshooting
DC Power
and Voltage
Verify that the control inputs at the interface connector are set
to appropriate values in accordance with Table 4-1.
Control Inputs
Over-Temperature
Warning
Over-Temperature
Shutdown
5-2
CW Mode
Visualizing
If the laser output is non-zero and you have access to visually inspect
the spatial structure of the output beam, perform such a visualization
and record the results.
Output Beam
If, after performing the above checks, there is still a problem with
the laser, proceed to Appendix B, Diamond Series Laser
Warranty.
5-3
5-4
Parts List
PARTS LIST
DESCRIPTION
1101-10-0099
Individual bracket
A-1
Parts List
A-3
A-4
Warranty
WARRANTY
Diamond Series
Laser Warranty
Conditions of
Warranty
Responsibilities
of the Buyer
B-1
Limitations of
Warranty
2.
3.
Buyer-supplied interfacing.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B-2
Packing Procedure
PACKING PROCEDURE
C-1
Preparation of
Liquid-Cooled
Systems/RF
Power Supplies
1.
Uncouple the laser system from the chiller and drain the
cooling lines into the proper drain/receptacle.
2.
3.
Before preparing for shipment, drain all water from the laser
system by blowing compressed air lightly into the cooling lines.
Liquid-cooled models must have cooling tubes dry and clean
prior to shipping.
Preparation for
Laser Heads
2.
Insert the laser head into a plastic bag and tape it closed.
3.
C-2
Packing Procedure
4.
Cover the packaged laser head with the foam cover sheet
supplied with the shipping container (Figure C-3).
Shipping
Instructions
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
Place the return shipping label(s) (located on the page after the
RMA Form) on the shipping the container(s) with the RMA
number clearly visible and ship to Coherent. The shipper
should be notified that the contents are fragile and sensitive to
shock and moisture.
2.
3.
C-3
RMA Form
Instructions
2.
Requestor Information
Provide all of requestors address and ship to address
information. Provide customer reference number if applicable.
3.
System Information
Provide system product number, system serial number.
Note: Enter None for Service Inventory Returns.
4.
5.
Failure Information/Comments
Provide failure details or explain why the part(s) is being
returned.
*cohereNT
1280 Blue Hills Avenue
Bloomfield, CT 06002
(800) 367-7890
www.Coherent.com
Date
RMA FORM
RMA Number
Please fill out this form and include with the return shipment.
In Order To Process, Form Must Be Complete
Requestor Information
Ship to Information
Organization
Organization
Contact
Contact
Address
Address
City
City
State / Zip
State / Zip
Telephone
Telephone
Fax Number
Fax Number
System Information
System Product Number
Part Number
Failure Information/Comments
Description
Serial Number
Quantity
Explain why this part is being returned and/or provide failure details.
Ship to:
Glossary
GLOSSARY
%
C
F
m
rad
s
1/e2
Percent
Degrees centigrade or Celsius
Degrees Fahrenheit
Micrometers = 106 meters
Microradians = 106 radians
Microseconds = 106 seconds
Beam diameter parameter = 0.13534
A
AC
ANSI
Amperes
Alternating current
American National Standards Institute
BNC
Type of connector
CaCO3
CDRH
CFR
cm
CO2
CW
Calcium carbonate
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (part of the Food and
Drug Administration of the Public Health Service, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services)
Code of Federal Regulations
Centimeters = 102 meters
Carbon dioxide
Continuous wave
DC
DCPS
DVM
Direct current
DC power supply
Digital voltmeter
EMC
Electromagnetic compatibility
FDA
FPT
ft.
gpm
hex
Hz
Hexagon
Hertz or cycles per second (frequency)
I.D.
IEC
in.
IR
Inner diameter
International Electrotechnical Commission
Inch(s) (length)
Infrared
kg
kHz
kPa
kV
kW
Glossary - 1
Kilohm(s)
lbs.
LED
Pound(s)
Light emitting diode
m
mA
mg
MHz
mJ
mm
MNPT
mrad
ms
mW
Meter(s) (length)
Milliamperes = 103 Amperes
Milligrams = 103 grams
Megahertz = 106 Hz
Millijoules = 103 Joules
Millimeters = 103 meters
Male National Pipe Thread
Milliradians = 103 radians (angle)
Milliseconds = 103 seconds
Milliwatts = 103 Watts (power)
N2
nm
N-m
NPT
Nitrogen
Nanometers = 109 meters (wavelength)
Newton-meter(s)
National Pipe Thread American national standard taper pipe thread
(American National Standards Institute, B2-1-1968)
O.D.
OEM
OSHA
Phase
Outer diameter
Original Equipment Manufacturer
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, part of the U.S.
Department of Labor
P/N
ppm
PRF
psi
psig
Part number
Parts per million (by weight)
Pulse repetition frequency
Pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch, gauge (pressure relative to ambient
atmospheric pressure in psi)
RF
RMA
RMS
Radio frequency
Return material authorization
Root mean square (effective value of a sinusoidal wave)
SS
STD
Stainless steel
Standard
TEM
TTL
V
VAC
VDC
vol%
VSWR
Volts
Volts alternating current
Volts direct current
Volume percent
Voltage, standing wave ratio
Watts
Glossary - 2
Index
INDEX
Hardware overview
Inspection 3-1
Interlocks
Safety 2-4
L
Laser head 1-4
Coolant fittings 3-6, A-1
Mounting considerations 3-4
Laser installation
Safety issues 3-2
Liquid cooling 1-3, 3-4
DC power relay 3-6
Signal interface 3-5
Thermal shutdown switch 3-5
M
Maintenance 5-1
Cooling system 5-1
Mechanical mounting 3-2
Mounting considerations
Laser heads 3-4
O
Operating modes 4-2
CW mode 4-3
Gated CW mode 4-3
Typical waveform 4-2
Optical pulse shape 4-4
Optical safety 2-1
P
Packing procedure C-1
Power supply 1-4
Pressure drop 3-8
Protection from unacceptable inputs
Pulsewidth variation 4-4
D
DC input power
1-2
E
Electrical
Power connection 3-9
Safety 2-3
Electronic control 4-6
Electronic signals required to turn on the laser
F
Fault detection
Signals used
R
4-6
Requirements
Cooling 1-2
Input 1-2
S
4-7
G
Gated CW mode
1-2
4-3
Safety
Electrical 2-3
Interlocks 2-4
Labels, location of
Laser head 2-3
Index - 1
2-5
4-4
T
Troubleshooting 5-2
Control inputs 5-2
CW mode 5-3
DC power and voltage 5-2
Output beam 5-3
Over temperature shutdown 5-2
Visualizing 5-3
Turning on the laser 4-4
Typical waveform 4-2
U
Unpacking
3-1
V
Variable output power capability
Varying the pulsewidth 4-4
Verifying delivery 3-1
VSWR faults 4-8
4-4
W
Warranty B-1
Conditions of B-1
Limitations of B-2
Responsibilities of the buyer
Water vapor
Condensation 3-6
Index - 2
B-1