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TopicImpact of Liberalization on Wages and
Employment in Indian Manufacturing
Industries With Special Reference to
Tata Motors.
Submitted
by
Rabindra Prasad keshari
TOPIC
Impact of Liberalization on Wages
and
Employment
in
Indian
Manufacturing Industries With Special
Reference to Tata Motors.
INTRODUCTION
As developing economies liberalize their policies in an
attempt to integrate with the rest of the world, one of
the critical issues that need to be addressed by their
governments is the social costs of liberalization. A
direct manifestation of these social cost is the impact of
liberalization on labour markets, which may work
through its impact on wages and employment. The
economic theory suggests that three important
components of liberalization, i.e., FDI, Trade and
Imported technology may raise labour productivity in
the developing economies but these components may
have differential impact on their wages and
employment. Higher presence of FDI in developing
countries
is
generally
associated
with
lower
employment but higher wages. While, higher trade has
mostly been associated with higher employment but
lower wages. However, given the differences in the
labour laws across countries, these effects have been
found to be mainly country specific. In particular, for
the Indian economy we find that one of the unique
characteristics of the Indian labour market is its
dualistic nature where a large unorganized sector
coexists with the organized sector. There are many
regulations in India that apply only to the"organised
2
2 .Since 1991, India has undertaken a major economic reforms program under which significant
and far-reaching
Changes have been made in industrial and trade policy to encourage FDI flows and trade.
Incentives have also been
Given to encourage higher imports of technology.
Tata Motors3
3. http://www.tatamotors.com/contactus/index.php
Commodity
Cloth
Unit
1950
51
4215
Million
9
1970 2004 71
05
7,602
20,632
Fertiliser
Cement
Finished Steel
Electricity
Aluminium
Paper
paperboard
Commercial
Vehicles
metres
000 Tonnes
Million
Tonnes
Million
and tonnes
Billion Kwh
000 tonnes
Thousand
numbers
9*
2.7
1.0
5.1
4.0
116
830
14.3
4.6
55.8
168.8
75
11,340
131.6
39.3
587.0
516.4
53,848
8.6
41.2
350.0
Commodity
Cloth
Fertiliser
Cement
Finished Steel
Electricity
Aluminium
Paper
and
paperboard
Commercial
Vehicles
10
2009 10
26,352
15,640
189.6
46.2
630.2
725.4
4340
418.0
1974 75 to
1981 82
I
II
Public Sector
4.2
8.2
- 0.9
7.3
2.2
5.9
7.6
6.6
-12.4
-2.6
2.2
3.7
3.7
8.3
4.4
5.3
2008 3.1
6.0
09
3.4
7.6
8.7
7.9
6.3
7.2
1.2
4.4
8.9
11
Financial
Motors
Performance
of
Tata
12
Exhi
bit 1 Percentage of cash inflow used for CAPEX
challenging
assignments
in
various
sectors:
Commercial Vehicle Business Unit, Passenger Car
Business Unit, Engineering Research Centre and
Corporate Affairs. The Company employs around
22,000 people (blue & white collared) who share a
passion for automobiles.
Tata Motors are committed to understanding customer
needs and innovating on our wide range of offerings
keeping these needs in mind. This approach has earned
us the position of being among the top five medium
and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturers in the
world. Our products are seen in markets like Europe,
Australia, South East Asia, Middle East and Africa.
shirking
by
Impact
of
Liberalization
on
Employment
in
Indian
Manufacturing Industries:
Though, the Impact of FDI on wages is a wellresearched area, the Impact of FDI on Employment in
17
and 1990-91 to 1997-98. The period 1973-74 to 198081 was markedly restrictive industrial and trade policies
and according to the study the exponential growth rate
of output during this period was 4.65 per cent and
employment grew by 3.83per cent. Product wage per
worker increased at 3.2 per cent and implicit growth of
productivity per worker grew at a negligible 0.8 per
cent.
23
by
different
Hypothesis:
24
books,
journals,
TENTATIVE CHAPTERIZATION:
CHAPTER 1: Introduction
Guide
scholar
References:
1. http://www.tatamotors.com/contactus/index.php
2. ^ a b "The 20 largest companies in India Rediff.com Business". Rediff.com.
http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide26
28
16.
^ "5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British
marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal". Leftlane
News. 28 March 2008.
http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tataacquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-landrover-deal.html#more-6922. Retrieved 2008-03-28.
17.
^ "Fiat, Tata Motors set up joint venture".
timesofmalta.com. 21st October 2007.
http://www.timesofmalta.com/motoring/view/20071
021/news/fiat-tata-motors-set-up-joint-venture.
Retrieved 2008-04-01.
18.
^ "The Next People's Car". forbes.com.
http://www.forbes.com/home/free_forbes/2007/041
6/070.html. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
19.
^ "Time to say hi to Tata's dream car". The
Times of India. 2008-01-10.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshowpics/
2689238.cms.
20.
^ Autoline Website,
http://web.archive.org/web/20080209022809/http:/
/www.autolineind.com/our_story.htm
21.
^ "Autoline". Web.archive.org. 2008-02-09.
Archived from the original on 2008-02-09.
http://web.archive.org/web/20080209022809/http:/
/www.autolineind.com/our_story.htm. Retrieved
2010-10-11.
22.
^
http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?
Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=101846&
topicId=104970025&docId=l:734196290
23.
^ a b Thebault, Pierre. "French Compressed Air
Car Set for Take-Off in India". planetark.org.
29
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsi
d/46298/story.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-23.
24.
^ a b Harrabin, Roger (13 February 2008).
"Five-seat concept car runs on air". An engineer
has promised that within a year he will start selling
a car that runs on compressed air, producing no
emissions at all in town. (BBC News).
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7241909.
stm. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
25.
^ "TaMo's ambitious 'Air Car' faces starting
trouble". dnaindia.com. 2009-11-25.
http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_tamo-sambitious-air-car-faces-starting-trouble_1316093.
Retrieved 2010-05-07.
26.
^
http://www6.lexisnexis.com/publisher/EndUser?
Action=UserDisplayFullDocument&orgId=101846&
topicId=104970025&docId=l:846836097
27.
^ "Tata Group | Tata Motors | Media releases |
TMETC acquires 50.3 per cent stake in Norway's
Miljo Grenland/Innovasjon; to launch first electric
vehicle". Tata.com. 2008-10-14.
http://www.tata.com/media/releases/inside.aspx?
artid=D8J398/KAjI=. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
28.
^ "Tata Group | Our businesses | Tata
companies | Tata Motors European Technical
Centre". Tata.com.
http://www.tata.com/company/profile.aspx?
sectid=MiEz+LbA1Yg=. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
29.
^ "INDIA [photo added 15:45BST]: Tata to
launch EV next year: Automotive News &
Comment". Just-auto.com. 2008-10-14.
30
http://www.just-auto.com/article.aspx?
id=96329&lk=dm. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
30.
^ a b c d "Tata Motors". Tata Motors.
http://www.tatamotors.com/our_world/profile.php.
Retrieved 2009-06-04.
31.
^
http://tatanano.inservices.tatamotors.com/tatamot
ors/index.php?
option=com_booking&task=outlets&Itemid=304
32.
^ a b "Tata Motors unveils World Truck range".
The Hindu Business Line. 2009-05-29.
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2009/05/29/s
tories/2009052951220300.htm. Retrieved 200906-04.
33.
^ Tata Marcopolo tie up[dead link].
34.
^ "Tata Motors International : Company :
Profile". Tatacarsworldwide.com.
http://www.tatacarsworldwide.com/company/index.
asp. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
35.
^ "Tata Motors International : Global Network".
Tatacarsworldwide.com.
http://www.tatacarsworldwide.com/globalpresence/index.asp. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
36.
^ "Tata Motors Unveils New Range Of Trucks".
Motorbeam.com. 2009-05-29.
http://www.motorbeam.com/news/tata-news/tatamotors-unveils-new-range-of-trucks/. Retrieved
2009-06-04.[dead link]
31