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VARONES VS MUJERES
Los estereotipos de asimetra cerebral y habilidades cognitivas pueden no ser iguales en varones y
mujeres. Desigualdad, cuyo alcane e importancia
est an por descifrar.
En el orden neuroqumico, con experimentacin
animal, la distribucin de dopamina (Glick y cols.,
1979) y enzimas metablicos de testosterona (Vockel,
Prove y Balthazart, 1990), o efectos inhibitorios con
antagonistas involucrados en nocicepcin-analgesia
(Lippa y Kavaliers, 1990), pueden diferir en funcin
del sexo. Tambin se detectan flujos sanguneos de
distinta entidad en varones y mujeres (Warkentin,
Rodrguez y Rosadini, 1988); o diferentes fenmenos
neuroelctrictos asimtricos (Davis y Wada, 1978;
Lavie, Matanya y Yehuda, 1984), especialmente relacionados con la ratio D/I de actividad alfa (Roberts y
Mahoney, 1978; Moore y Haynes, 1980).
Las asimetras morfolgicas cerebrales no parecen
ser de igual magnitud en mujeres que en varones
(Witelson y Pollie, 1973; Wada, Clark y Hamm,
1975). En el sexo femenino parece ser ms frecuente, aunque sin significatividad estadstica, un planum
temporal ms bilateralizado, o menos asimtrico
(Wada, Clark y Hamm, 1975). Aunque en la revisin
de Kerstez y cols. (1987) no se llegaron a observar
diferencias en funcin del sexo cuando 104 cerebros
fueron observados mediante resonancia magntica.
La anatoma callosa puede tambin diferir (Witelson, 1989), llegndose a proponer un splenium callosos de mayor amplitud en el sexo femenino (Pot-
Correspondencia: A. Estvez. Departament de Psiquiatria i Psicobiologia. Unitat de Neuropsicologia. Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona. C/ Adolf Florensa, s/n 08028 Barcelona.
Partes de este artculo pueden encontrarse ms extensamente revisadas en Estvez-Gonzlez (1991)
27
ORIGINALES
Estimacin
5-10%
3-30%
8%
5-10%
5%
8-10%
12%
14% (no diestros)
5-10%
6-14%
8,1%
3,4%
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