Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability - The Opportunity

5/27/2013
RoleofChemicalAdmixturesinSustainability:
TheOpportunity
CharlesNmai,Ph.D.,PE,M.ASCE,FACI
BASFCorporation(AdmixtureSystems)
Cleveland,OH
TheNeedforSustainableConstruction
Thecaseforgreenbuilding currentconstructionisnotsustainable
BuildingsConsume:
70%ofallelectricity
37%ofallenergy
28%ofallwater
30%ofwood+materials
BuildingsProduce:
35%solidwastetolandfills
36%CO2 emissions
45%SO2 emissions
19%NOx emissions
10%fineparticulateemissions
WorldwideConcreteIndustryConcerns
GreenhouseGasEmissions
Cement:3%ofGHG
5%ofCO2 (96%wrtconcreteproduction)
WaterConsumption
MaterialResources
EmbodiedEnergy
Cement:85%ofConcrete
5/27/2013
ChemicalAdmixtures
Primarilyusedtomodifythefresh&
hardenedpropertiesofconcrete
Playanimportantroleintheconstructionof
environmentallyfriendly,sustainable
concretestructures
Canhelptoconservenaturalresources
SustainableInitiatives
Water
ScarceinsomeregionsofU.S.(andtheworld)
Waterresourcesareheavilymanaged
Strategiesbeingdeveloped
waterconservation
useofmarketstoallocatewater
managementpractices
Source:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
ChemicalAdmixtures
Oneoftheprimaryusesofchemical
admixturesistoreducemixwatercontent
WaterConservation
5/27/2013
BenefitsofWaterReducingAdmixtures
Lower W/C
Higher Strength
and Durability
Similar Workability
Higher Shrinkage and
Heat Development
Lower W/C
Higher Strength
and Durability
Same Workability
To Increase Strength
(+Cement, - Water)
To Save Cement
(-Water, -Cement)
Control
Concrete
Similar Strength,
Durability and
Workability
Lower Shrinkage and
Heat Development
To Increase Workability
(+ Cement, + Water)
Similar Strength
Similar Strength
and Durability
Higher Workability
Higher Shrinkage and
Heat Development
Higher Workability
SustainableInitiatives Water
U.S.MixWaterSavingswithHighRangeWaterReducingAdmixtures
Annual Water Savings (gal)
600,000,000
500,000,000
400,000,000
300,000,000
200,000,000
100,000,000
0
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 07
Year
1gal=3.785L
InPerspective:
1.9billionL(500milliongal)
~6%of33billionL(8.7billiongal)U.S.2008BottledWater
Consumption
5/27/2013
Cumulativesince1986
Cumulative Water Savings (gal)
5,000,000,000
4,500,000,000
4,000,000,000
3,500,000,000
3,000,000,000
2,500,000,000
2,000,000,000
1,500,000,000
1,000,000,000
500,000,000
0
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 07
Year
10
1gal=3.785L
Cumulativesince1986
InPerspective:
17.4billionL(4.6billiongal)
~53%of33billionL(8.7billiongal)U.S.2008Bottled
WaterConsumption
11
440ParkAvenue,NewYork,NY
Requirements :
96.5 MPa + 14.5 MPa overdesign @56 d
51.4 GPa MOE @ 56 d
Architectural concrete - white
No discoloration
Self consolidating - self leveling
Smooth surface finish - zero bug holes
Max. heat of hydration - 71 oC
Zero visible cracking
High SCM content pumpable
Solution:
Advanced mix optimization
71% SCM replacement
Innovative admixture chemistry (HRWR)
5/27/2013
440ParkAvenue,NewYork,NY
WaterSavings
(L/m3)
TotalWaterSavings
(L/yr)
Equivalent Number
ofTruckWashouts
EquivalentNumber
of0.5LBottlesof
Water
22.7
1,563,750
1,836
3,127,167
WaterSavings
(kg/m3)
TotalWaterSavings
(kg/yr)
22.7
1,563,750
Water
Equivalent Number Equivalent Number
ofShowers
ofLoadsofLaundry
(Showers/yr)
(Loads/yr)
10,320
33,794
13.8% Reduction in
Water Requirement
WaterReducingAdmixtures
Waterreducers enablethejudicious
use ofoneofthemostprecious
naturalresources,
Water
14
MaterialResources
Rawmaterialsforcementproduction
Aggregates
15
5/27/2013
SustainableInitiatives Materials
BenefitsofChemicalAdmixtures
Waterreducingadmixtures
Lowerw/cm
Lesscement
Higherstrength smallermembersizes
LowerPermeability
ImprovedDurability&increasedservicelife
Setcontroladmixtures
Workabilityretentionadmixtures
Durabilityenhancingadmixtures
Reduceperishablenatureofconcrete
Maintainconcreteworkabilityforadefinedperiod
Helpachievedesignservicelives
16
HydrationControlAdmixtures
U.S. Dept. of Energy Microwave Tower

Footing; Monument Valley, Utah:
Several 34 m3 (45 yd3) Concrete Placements
Batched in Flagstaff, Arizona, 400 km (250 miles)
away
Haul Time: 8 hours
Excellent Temperature Control, 17 oC to 19 oC
(63 oF to 66 F)
Slump decreased from 165 to 100 mm (6.5 to 4 in.)
HCA Dosage: 520 mL/100 kg (8 fl oz/cwt)
Reducerejected
loads
17
WorkabilityRetentionAdmixture
Arevolutionarynewadmixtureformulatedtocontroltheworkability(slump)
retentionofconcretewithoutimpactingotherproperties.
120%
Workability Retained
100%
Workabilityretention
withoutretardation
Dosageflexibility for
flexiblelevelsof
workabilityretention
80%
60%
40%
Primary Water Reducer (PWR)

PWR + Low Dosage
20%
PWR + Medium Dosage

PWR + High Dosage
0%
0
20
40
60
80
Time (minutes)
18
5/27/2013
WorkabilityRetentionAdmixture
Minimizesretemperingorredosing
ofhighrangewaterreducing
admixtureatthejobsite
Promotesgreaterconsistency of
concreteworkability,compressive
strengthandaircontent
Enhancedinplaceperformance
Fewerrejectedloads
Fastertruckturnaroundtime
19
ReuseofReturnedConcrete
Volume:
Estimate:210%concreteproductionreturnedtoplants
9.6 48millionyd3 (7.3 36.7millionm3)annually
HydrationControl
Admixtures
20
ReturnedConcreteandWashwater
Volume:
Estimate:210%concreteproductionreturnedtoplants
9.6 48millionyd3 (7.3 36.7millionm3)annually
Estimate:Typicalplantgenerates1,400,000gal(5,300,000L)washwaterannually
21
5/27/2013
SameDayStabilization
HCATreated+Fresh
Concrete
HCAWashwater
Treatment
22
Benefits:
Reduceslandfillwaste
Economicalreuseofreturnedconcreteandwashwater sustainability
EnvironmentalAuditReportsavailablethroughpatentedsoftware
Promotescommunityandsocialresponsibility
23
ASRDamagedPileCap
24
5/27/2013
Durabilityenhancingadmixtures
Extendusefulservicelifeofconcretestructures
2003
1992
TheHighCostofRepair
25
Achievingdesignservicelivesthroughtheuseoflow
w/cm,lowpermeabilityconcreteincombinationwith
durabilityenhancingadmixtures willminimizetheneed
formajorrepairsandreplacementofconcretestructures.
26
Overall,chemicaladmixtureswillextend
usefulservicelife
ConservationofMaterials
overLifeCycleofStructure
27
5/27/2013
EmbodiedEnergy
28
EmbodiedEnergy
Materialsthathavealoweroverall
embodiedenergyaremoresustainableand
ecologicallybetter thanthosewithahigher
embodiedenergy
29
EmbodiedEnergy
Concrete has a low embodied energy relative to

other materials, but
Source:Tucker,Selwyn(2001)."TheEmbodiedEnergyinBuildings"www.dbce.csiro.au/ind
serv/brochures/embodied/embodied.htm
30
10
5/27/2013
EmbodiedEnergy
Concrete is the most widely used construction

material in the world, therefore
Portlandcement
accountsfor~85%
Source:Tucker,Selwyn(2001)."TheEmbodiedEnergyinBuildings"www.dbce.csiro.au/ind
serv/brochures/embodied/embodied.htm
31
SustainableInitiatives EmbodiedEnergy
PotentialEmbodiedEnergyContributedbyChemicalAdmixtures
Solids1,2
Content,
%
Total2,3
Energy,
MJ/kg
Typical2
Dosage,
% of cmt
Air entrainer
3 14
2.1
0.2 0.5
1.4 3.5
< 0.1
Normal water reducer
30 45
4.6
0.2 0.7
3 11
0.09 0.3
Admixture Type
Potential Embodied4 Energy

Contribution
MJ/m3
% of
Concrete
High-range water reducer
30 45
18.3
0.5 2.2
30 135
0.9 4.2
Retarder
17 46
15.7
0.2 0.8
10 42
0.3 1.3
Accelerator
35 50
22.1
0.5 2.0
37 148
1.2 4.6
Waterproofer
10 43
5.6
1Reported
3 LCI
valid range; 2 source: EFCA www.efca.info;

data for electricity production are based on the European fuel mix;
30-MPa concrete mixture with 335 kg/m3 of cementitious materials (embodied energy of 3180 MJ/m3).
4 assuming
32
Chemicaladmixturescanbeusedto
optimizeportland cementcontent without
compromisingworkability,strengthor
durability.
ReductionintheEmbodiedEnergyof
Concrete
33
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5/27/2013
ReducingEmbodiedEnergyofConcretewithSCMs
Chemicaladmixtures
facilitatetheuseof
higherreplacement
levelsofSCMs.
Source:
PCAR&DSerialno.3011
34
ReducingPlacementEnergyofConcretewithAdmixtures
MRWR,HRWR,VMAs
facilitateconcrete
placement&finishing
Reducejobsite
energyneeds
35
ReducingPlacementEnergyofConcretewithAdmixtures
NonSCC
SCC
36
12
5/27/2013
Chemicaladmixtureswillprovidea
netbenefitinreducingthetotal
energy associatedwithaconcrete
structureoveritslifecycle.
37
ChemicalAdmixtures
Chemicaladmixturesenableotherbenefits
fromasocialresponsibilityperspective
Preservationoftheenvironment
38
SustainableInitiatives SocialFactors
Hydrationcontroladmixtures
Antiwashoutadmixtures
Reduce/eliminatereturnconcretewaste&washwater
pollution
Minimizewashoutofcement/finesinunderwater
concreting
Specialtyconcretemixtures
Perviousconcrete
Veryhighearlystrengthconcrete
39
13
5/27/2013
AntiwashoutAdmixtures
UnderwaterConcretingChallenges:
Difficultplacement
Washoutofcement&fines
Cloudysurroundings safety
Qualityofinplaceconcrete
Environmentalconcerns
Relativelyhighcost
24
20
% Mass Loss
19.1%
16
12
8
3.8%
1.3%
0
Untreated
10 (650)
15 (975)
Antiwashout dosage fl oz/cwt (mL/100 kg)
40
Reductioninwashoutofcementandfines
AntiwashoutAdmixtures
Benefits:
Reduce/eliminatedewatering
costs
Superiorandpredictableinplace
concreteproperties
AWATreatment
Minimizesenvironmentalimpact
ofcementwashoutonaquatic
life
UntreatedConcrete
Lowerinplace cost
41
PerviousConcrete
Nostormwatercollectionanddisposal
Nocontaminatedrunofftobetreated
Increasedsiteutilization
Noretention&detentionponds
Challenges:
Difficult mix to get out of the truck & place
Additional water added on site (inconsistent
mix quality)
Short workable life
Admixture System:
HRWR, MRWR, Hydration Control and VMA
Admixture system facilitates placement
Benefits:
Allow mix to easily discharge from truck

No need to add water on site (user friendly)
Increases workability time
Improves flow for ease of placement
Increases compressive strength
Inhibits paste drain down
42
14
5/27/2013
PerviousConcrete
43
HeatIslandEffects
Darksurfacescontributetowards
heatislandeffects
increasedlightingrequirements
Energydemandsincreasefor
cooling
lighting
Result:
increasedpowerplantemissions
heattrappinggreenhousegases
Concreteismorelightreflectiveand
MUCHcoolerthanasphalt
Source:AmericanConcretePavementAssociation(QD007P)
Canhelptoreduceenergydemandon
electricgrids
44
Pigments&LiquidColoringAdmixtures
Titaniumdioxide(TiO2)andliquidcoloringadmixturescanbeused
toproducelightcoloredconcreteswithhighSRIvalues
45
15
5/27/2013
BridgeDeck&PavementRepairs
Highways,roads,andstreetsneed
replacement
PatentedAdmixtureSystem:
Synthetichighrangewater
reducingadmixture provides
fluidityandstrength
Hydrationcontrol(extendedset)
admixtureorworkabilityretaining
admixture providesworkability
control
Acceleratingadmixture provides
earlystrength
Trafficvolumes haveincreased
Motoristscanbeimpatient
ACPAestimates
Roaduserdelays=3.7billionh
2.3billiongal(8.7billionL)wastedfuel
IncreasedCO2 emissions
FHWAHighwaysforLifeprogram
46
Highearlystrengthconcrete(3 4hours)
Benefits:
Reducestrafficcongestion
Reducesgasolinewasteand
emissions
Highlydurablepavement
increasesservicelife sustainable
construction
47
AdmixturesFacilitateDevelopmentof..
High-Performance
Green Concretes
48
16
5/27/2013
HighPerformanceGreenConcrete
Definition an environmentally preferable, cost-effective concrete
with optimized proportions in which supplementary cementitious
materials and non-cementitious fillers are used with select chemical
admixtures to meet or exceed performance targets.
Utilizes Advanced Concrete Mixture
Optimization Techniques
Recycled materials
Specially formulated HRWRs &
workability-retaining admixture
Improves ease of constructability
Increases the service-life (durability) of
structures
and its ecological and economical !!!
49
Redefining the Concrete Space
Low
Workability
High
Low
Low
Cost
Porosity
H-P Green
Concrete
Advanced Optimization
+
Recycled Materials
+
Chemical Admixtures
Reference
Concrete
High
High
Low
Durability
High
Relative performance potential
50
Sustainable QuantifyingBenefits
QuantifyingtheBenefitsofSustainabilityInitiatives
Howdowecapturethetruesustainability
benefitsofconcrete?
USGBC,GBI,BREEAM???
51
17
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USGBC LEEDRatingSystem
TheLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)GreenBuildingRatingSystem
encouragesandacceleratesglobaladoptionofsustainablegreenbuildinganddevelopment
practicesthroughthecreationandimplementationofuniversallyunderstoodandaccepted
toolsandperformancecriteria.
52
USGBC LEEDRatingSystem
53
Typical Green Concrete Buzz Words
Reduce cement content
Use more supplementary cementitious
materials
Use recycled concrete
So how does one know which

mix is more sustainable???
Which Mix is More Sustainable?

MixA
Material (kg/m3)
Cement307
MixB
Material(kg/m3)
Cement335
Cement for Mix A comes from China larger CO2 footprint
MixA
Material (kg/m3)
Cement335
MixB
Material(kg/m3)
Cement284
FlyAsh50
California project no fly ash

Fly ash from east of Mississippi; has carbon footprint
MixA
0%
RecycledContent
MixB
20%
Depends on recycler efficiency and distance
54
18
5/27/2013
Currentratingsystemsdonot necessarily
capturetheoverallecologicalbenefitsof
greenconcretemixtures.
55
56
EcoEfficiencyAnalysis isastrategiclifecyclemethodology
forcomparingtherelativeecologicalandeconomicefficiencies
ofalternative
Products(likebabydiapersorconcrete)
Processes(curingcompoundsorsteamcuring)
Technologies(automobilesormotorcycles)
19
5/27/2013
EnvironmentalImpactCategories
EEAEnvironmentalImpactCategories
Consumption
of Energy
Cumulative
energyutilizedin
theproduction,
use,&disposal
use&disposal
phases
Fossiland
renewable
resources are
included
Emissions
Described by
categories
Air
Water
Solids
Toxicity
Potential
Risk
Potential
Potentialeffect
onhumanhealth
toxicity
Consumption
of Raw
Materials
Potentialfor
Materials are
physicalhaz.(i.e.
weighted
wrk.accid.&
workaccid.&
according to
occupational
reserves and
disease)
global
consumption
Based on
published stat.
data (e.g .
insurance assoc )
Air Emissions
LandUse
Degreeofland
development
neededtofulfil
neededtofulfill
theproduction,
use,&disposal
use&disposal
of1yd 3 of
concrete
GlobalWarmingPotential
OzoneDepletionPotential
PhotochemicalOzoneCreationPotential
AcidificationPotential
58
EcoEfficiencyAnalysis(EEA)ofConcreteMixtures
AnEcoEfficiencyAnalysismethodologyforconcretehasbeen
thirdpartyvalidatedbyTVRheinland(certificatenumber:
5711150561).
TUVappraises,testsandcertifiestechnicalequipmentandproducts
accordingtointernationalqualitystandardsandthenregistersthosein
compliance.
MethodologyalsovalidatedbyNSFInternational.(ProtocolP352)
NSFInternational,anotforprofit,nongovernmentalorganization,
developsnationalstandardsandprovidesthirdpartyconformity
assessmentservices.
DataacquisitionandcalculationtypicallyinlinewithISO
environmentalprotocolISO14040and14044 (ecologicalpart).
59
EEAofConcrete CradletoGate
Cement
Production
Aggregate
Quarry
Receiverawmaterial
Blast/mine
Crush
Separatesizes
Chemical
Admixtures
Water
Heatinkiln
Blendingredients
Store/load/ship
Store/load/ship
Minerawmaterials
Manufacturemolecules
Reducedusageof
potablewater
Grindwithgypsum
Store/load/ship
ConcretePlant
Recycled
Materials
Separateandprocess
Store/load/ship
EEA concrete analyses can be conducted on ready mixed, precast, manufactured

concrete products, paving, self-consolidating and pervious concrete.
20
5/27/2013
EcoEfficiencyAnalysis(EEA)ofConcreteMixtures
Eco-Efficiency Analysis can be used to quantify the economical
and ecological impact of Green Concrete mixtures
1.
CustomizedInteractiveProgram
specificallyforconcretemixtures
Eco-Efficiency Analysis
DatagatheredfromChemical
Company,IndustryAssociations,
GovernmentDatabases,Contract
Consultants
2.
Evaluatesenvironmentaland
economicalimpact ofconcrete
ingredientsbasedoninput
3.
Comparesfivedifferentconcrete
mixtureproportions forsix
environmentalimpactareas
4.
Quantifiesenvironmentaland
economicalimpact foreachmix
61
EcologicalAnalysis
Smaller Carbon Footprint -Volume of Gasoline Equivalent
Annualized
Emissions Saved
Emissions
(lb CO2
Saved (lb CO2
3
equiv./yd )
equiv./yr)
Alternative
Fly Ash 15%
87
Annualized Volume
of Gas Saved
(gal/yr)
5,245,325
276,070
Fly Ash 40%
235
Slag 50%
254
15,218,338
800,965
Green Sense
247
14,807,727
14,084,608
779,354
741,295
Annualized
Energy Saved
(kWh/yr)
Annualized US
Energy Savings
Equivalent
(homes/yr)
Energy Saved - US Homes Equivalent

Energy Saved
3
(kWh/yd )
Alternative
Fly Ash 15%
69
4,116,295
356
Fly Ash 40%
181
10,884,852
941
Slag 50%
158
9,480,149
819
Green Sense
199
11,945,185
1,032
(gal/yd )
Alternative
Fly Ash 15%
Environmentalimpact
categoriesinclude:
Water Saved - Truck Washout and Bottled Water
Water Saved
Example of CO2 emissions,

energy usage, and annual
water consumption savings
and practical equivalents
compared to reference mix.
Annualized
Water Saved
(gal/yr)
Equivalent
Annualized
Number of Truck
Washouts
Equivalent
Number of
1/2 liter
Bottles of
Water
43,217
Fly Ash 40%
180,072
Slag 50%
4.20
252,101
1,120
1,908,403
Green Sense
396,158
1,761
192
327,155
800
1,363,145
2,998,920
Energyconsumption
Emissions(air,water,andsolid
waste)
Toxicitypotential
Riskpotential
Rawmaterialconsumption
Useofarea(land)
Based on an annual production of

60,000 yd3 (45,900 m3) of concrete
62
EcologicalAnalysis EmissionsPotential
1,100
1,000
900
lb CO2-equivalent/yd3
800
700
Transportation
600
Admixtures
Water
500
Aggregates
Powders
400
Cement
300
200
100
0
Reference
Mix
Fly Ash 15%
Fly Ash 40%
Slag 50%
GreenConcrete
Sense
Green
The impact of each ingredient is determined for each of the

six environmental impact categories and more.
63
21
5/27/2013
EcologicalFingerprint
ReferenceMix
Energyconsumption
Useofarea
FlyAsh15%
FlyAsh40%
Emissions
SlagCement50%
0.00
GreenSenseConcrete
RMconsumption
Toxicitypotential
Riskpotential
Thefourconcretealternativesareshowntobeprogressivelymore
environmentallypreferableinrelationtotheReferenceMix.
64
EnvironmentalImpact(normalized)
EcoEfficiencyProfile
0.5
ReferenceMix
FlyAsh15%
FlyAsh40%
SlagCement50%
GreenSense
Concrete
1.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
0.5
Costs(normalized)
TheGreenConcretemixturehasthelowestoverallenvironmentalburden
andisthemosteconomicaltoproduce.
65
HPGCinResidentialConstruction
Challenges:
Homeownerdemandsforgreenconstruction
Homebuilderslookingtomeetdemandand
differentiate
Solution:
Sustainableconcretemixes
Foundations
Sidewalks
Driveways
Slabs
22
5/27/2013
HPGCinResidentialConstruction
EnvironmentalSavings
Parameter
Reference
3
388.28
Energy (kWh/yd )
3
45.85
Raw Material Resource Consumption (lb/yd )

3
Fossil Fuel Consumption (lb/yd )

3
Global Warming Potential (lb CO2eq/yd )

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
3
[Summer Smog] (lb Ethene eq/yd )

3
Acidification Potential [Acid Rain] (lb SO2eq/yd )

3
Solid Waste (lb/yd )

2
Land Use (ft /yd )
Optimized % Savings
367.40
41.33
5.4%
9.9%
17.72
17.14
3.3%
388.33
339.92
12.5%
0.07
0.07
3.1%
2.62
2.34
10.5%
93.77
83.58
10.9%
213.14
210.92
1.0%
120 Home Sub Division

Category
Energy
Environmental
Parameter
Energy (kWh)
Optimized Concrete
Savings
175,456
Practical Equivalent
Savings
Homes: (homes/year)
Acidification
Potential
Air Emissions
(lb CO2 equiv.)
Air Emissions
(lb SO2 equiv.)
Solid Waste
Generation
Solid Emissions
(lb)
85,555
Solid Waste: (persons/day)
Fossil Fuel
Consumption
Fossil Fuel (lb)
10,864
Barrels of Oil Saved on Project
Carbon Footprint
Value
406,631
2,317
15
Forest: (acres/project)
231
Air Conditioners:(number/year)
154
17,111
220
WorldTradeCenterProject,NewYork
ProjectSpecificationsandOtherDetails:
4HighRiseBuildings
WTC9/11Memorial
1TransportationHub
Upto74%SCMReplacementusingflyash,slag
cement&silicafume
96.5MPa @28days
13.8MPa overdesign
ModulusofElasticity>48.3GPa
Nearly765,000m3 tobeused
RequiredSCCspreadof685mm
Specifier PortAuthorityofNewYork/NewJersey
68
Cement,kg/m3
96MPaMix
83MPaMix
55MPaMix*
178
171
178
FlyAsh,kg/m3
42
95
59
SlagCement,kg/m3
288
294
267
SilicaFume,kg/m3
SCMContent, percent
s/a
42
21
68
70
65
0.41
0.43
0.47
w/cm
0.24
0.26
0.40
PCEHRWR,mL/m3
5,100
4,060
1,930 2,320
HCA,mL/m3
1,860
1,930
1,930 2,710
620
Asneeded
Asneeded
Asneeded
685
725
635 760
Defoamer, mL/m3
WorkabilityRetainer,mL/m3
SlumpFlowSpread,mm
* Winter version of mix.
Source: Port Authority of New York / New Jersey
69
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5/27/2013
TotalProject
EnvironmentalImpacts
EnvironmentalSavings
Energy(kWh)
ResourceConsumption(kg)
FossilFuelConsumption(kg)
25,402,200 kWhsavings
1,261200 kgsavings
504,570 kgsavings
GHG(lb CO2 eq)

POCP(lb ethene eq)
15,857,300 kgCO2 reduction

1,290 kgethene reduction
AP(lb SO2 eq)

WaterProduction(L)
WaterEmissions(L)
SolidWaste(kg)
100,830
588,440
19,860,080
781,860
LandUse(m2)
kgSO2 reduction
Lwaterproductionsavings
Lwateremissionssavings
kgsolidwastesavings
206,370 m2 landsavings
70
OneWorldTradeCenter wonTheConcreteProducer
ReadersChoice2010GreenSiteAward
foruseof
September 2010
71
SanFranciscoPUCBuilding,CA
Owner:City&CountyofSanFrancisco
GeneralContractor:Webcor Builders
ConcreteProducer:CentralConcrete
ResilientPostTensionedConcreteStructure
13Story;277,000ft2 (25,730m2)
LEED Platinum
Upto70%SCMReplacement
CO2 Emissions 7.4x106 lb (3.4x106 kg)net

savings
72
24
5/27/2013
TheBurjKhalifa,Dubai
Project:
Pushingtheboundariesofengineering:
heightof2,625ft (800m)
CompressiveStrength: 14,500psi(145MPa)
ConcreteVolume: 222,340yd3 (170,000m3)
Challenge:
Pumpingconcretetoformidableheights
Solution:
Advancedmixoptimization
Flyash(performance durability[lifecycle]
andheatofhydrationcontrol)
SpecialPCEadmixture
EnvironmentalBenefitsandTradeOffs
SolidWaste
Equivalent
EmissionsSavings
SolidWaste
Generated
MassperUnit
Volume
Project
Total
Persons/day
12.9 lb/yd3 2,878,825lb

(7.6kg/m3) (1,305,810kg)
575,675
Optimized
31.9% Savings
Optimized
25
5/27/2013
BASFHeadquarters,FlorhamPark,NJ
Developed in partnership with Rockefeller Group

Development Corporation
One of New Jerseys largest sustainable buildings
Designed to achieve LEED Double Platinum

certification
5-story building, 2-story lobby
325,000 ft2 (30,190 m2) building with space for

up to 1,400 people
Construction time: August 2010 to May 2012
High-Performance Green Concrete used

exclusively
76
BASFHeadquarters,FlorhamPark,NJ
Sustainabledesignfeatures:
WaterEfficiency
Indoorwaterusageisestimatedtobereducedbyatleast40%by
usinglowflowplumbingfixtures.
Landscapeplanincorporatesnativeandnoninvasiveplantings
thatrequire85%lesswatertosurvive.
SiteDevelopment
Maximizeopenspace:over40%ofsitewillremainasopen
space.
Naturalfilteringandrechargeofstormwaterachievesmorethan
the80%TSS(totalsuspendedsolids)removalrate.
MaterialSelection
Atleast20%ofthematerialspurchasedfortheprojecthave
recycledcontent,whileatleast10%werepurchasedfromlocal
supplierslesseningthetransportationimpactsandbenefitingthe
localeconomy.
Atleast75%oftheconstructionwastewasdivertedfrom
landfillsandrecycled.
Porouspavementsystemismadefrom
100%postconsumerrecycledglassand
polyurethanebinder.Thesystemprevents
stormwaterrunoff,allowswatertoreturn
tonaturalaquifersandcanfilterasmuch
as4,000L(1,070gal)ofwaterperhour.
77
BASFHeadquartersLEEDPointsPotential
CATEGORY
LEEDCore&
Shellv2.0
Commercial
Interiorsv2009
SustainableSites
11/15
15/21
WaterEfficiency
4/5
11/11
10/14
31/37
Energy&Atmosphere
Materials&Resources
8/11
7/14
IndoorEnvironmentalQuality
11/11
14/17
InnovationinDesign
5/5
3/6
RegionalPriority
n/a
4/4
49/61*
85/110*
PLATINUM
USGBCsHighestAchievement
* Total points pending final Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) review.
78
26
5/27/2013
BASFHeadquartersEEAFingerprint
Cement Replacement 32.9%
Recycled Material Content 32.2 %
5000 psi (34.5 MPa) High-Performance Green

Concrete
4000 psi (27.6 MPa) High-Performance

Green Concrete
4000 psi (27.6 MPa) Mix
5000 psi (34.5 MPa) Mix
79
EnvironmentalBenefitsinHumanTerms!
EnvironmentalSavingsfromGreenConcrete:
Quantity
Practical Equivalence
WaterSavings
71,654L
143,308 0.5Lbottles
ofwater
EnergySavings
885,010kWh
CO2 Equivalent
Savings
520,923kg
Annualenergyusedby
69U.S.homes
228,800L ofgasoline
SustainableConcrete InSummary
ProvideSustainableConcreteConstruction
Opportunities
Reducewaterusage&facilitateuseofSCMs
Reduceandhelpmanagereturnedconcreteandwashwater
Helpinfacilitatingstormwater management
Contributetowardsreducingheatislandeffects
Reduceenergyconsumption
Helpprotectaquaticlife
Reducegasolinewasteandemissions
BenefitscanbequantifiedthroughEcoEfficiencyAnalysis
PerformanceBasedSustainableConstruction
81
27
5/27/2013
ThankYou!
82
28

Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability - The Opportunity

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Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability - The Opportunity

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Annual Water Savings (gal)

Cumulative Water Savings (gal)

U.S. Dept. of Energy Microwave Tower

Primary Water Reducer (PWR)

PWR + Medium Dosage

Concrete has a low embodied energy relative to

Concrete is the most widely used construction

Normal water reducer

Potential Embodied4 Energy

High-range water reducer

valid range; 2 source: EFCA www.efca.info;

Antiwashout dosage fl oz/cwt (mL/100 kg)

Allow mix to easily discharge from truck

Relative performance potential

So how does one know which

Which Mix is More Sustainable?

Cement for Mix A comes from China larger CO2 footprint

California project no fly ash

Depends on recycler efficiency and distance

EEA concrete analyses can be conducted on ready mixed, precast, manufactured

Fly Ash 40%

Energy Saved - US Homes Equivalent

Fly Ash 40%

Water Saved - Truck Washout and Bottled Water

Example of CO2 emissions,

Fly Ash 40%

Based on an annual production of

Fly Ash 15%

Fly Ash 40%

The impact of each ingredient is determined for each of the

Raw Material Resource Consumption (lb/yd )

Fossil Fuel Consumption (lb/yd )

Global Warming Potential (lb CO2eq/yd )

[Summer Smog] (lb Ethene eq/yd )

Acidification Potential [Acid Rain] (lb SO2eq/yd )

Solid Waste (lb/yd )

Land Use (ft /yd )

120 Home Sub Division

Solid Waste: (persons/day)

Fossil Fuel (lb)

Barrels of Oil Saved on Project

* Winter version of mix.

Source: Port Authority of New York / New Jersey

GHG(lb CO2 eq)

15,857,300 kgCO2 reduction

AP(lb SO2 eq)

CO2 Emissions 7.4x106 lb (3.4x106 kg)net

12.9 lb/yd3 2,878,825lb

Developed in partnership with Rockefeller Group

One of New Jerseys largest sustainable buildings

Designed to achieve LEED Double Platinum

5-story building, 2-story lobby

325,000 ft2 (30,190 m2) building with space for

Construction time: August 2010 to May 2012

High-Performance Green Concrete used

5000 psi (34.5 MPa) High-Performance Green

4000 psi (27.6 MPa) High-Performance

4000 psi (27.6 MPa) Mix

5000 psi (34.5 MPa) Mix

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