The Pink Book 2015

Table index for Chapter 1

A

Summary of Balance of Payments: Current and Capital account

A_2

Summary of Balance of Payments: Financial account

1.1

Summary of Balance of Payments: Balances (net credits less net debits)

1.2

Current account

1.3

Summary of international investment position, financial account and investment income

Rounding
As figures have been rounded to the nearest final digit, there may be slight discrepancies
between the sums of the constituent items and the totals as shown.
Symbols
The following symbols are used throughout:
.. = not available
- = nil or less than a million
Source: Office for National Statistics Crown Copyright 2015
Data supplier:
Balance of Payments Investment Income and Co-ordination
Government Buildings
Cardiff Road
Newport
Gwent
NP10 8XG
e-mail: bop@ons.gsi.gov.uk
telephone: +44 (0)1633 456333

Summary of balance of payments in 2014

million
Credits

Debits

515191

549723

295432
219759
1965
2444
26706
28341
1965
20110
49223
10941
16332
57135
2126
2471

419104
130619
709
359
19369
38428
2185
1374
10004
5924
9413
35508
3143
4203

144450

177558

1074
141067
72642
44705
23074
646
2309

1517
173081
70642
67652
34787

19177

44426

5032
14145

25933
18493

678818

771707

1478
546

1727
1059

2024

2786

1. Current account
A. Goods and services
1. Goods
2. Services
2.1. Manufacturing physical inputs owned by others
2.2. Maintenance and repair
2.3. Transport
2.4. Travel
2.5. Construction
2.6. Insurance and pension services
2.7. Financial
2.8. Intellectual property
2.9. Telecommunications, computer and information services
2.10. Other business
2.11. Personal, cultural and recreational services
2.12. Government
B. Primary income
1. Compensation of employees
2. Investment income
2.1. Direct investment
2.2. Portfolio investment
2.3. Other investment
2.4. Reserve assets
3. Other primary income
C. Secondary income
1. General government
2. Other sectors
Total current account

2960

2. Capital account
1. Capital transfers
2. Acquisition/disposal of non-produced, non-financial assets
Total capital account

Summary of balance of payments in 2014

continued
million
Net acquisition of financial Net incurrence of liabilities
assets
3. Financial account
1. Direct investment
Abroad
1.1. Equity capital other than reinvestment of earnings
1.2. Reinvestment of earnings
1.3. Debt instruments1
In United Kingdom
1.1. Equity capital other than reinvestment of earnings
1.2. Reinvestment of earnings
1.3. Debt instruments2

-19021
-19021
-6911
1421
-13531

2. Portfolio investment
Assets
2.1. Equity and investment fund shares
2.2. Debt securities
Liabilities
2.1. Equity and investment fund shares
2.2. Debt securities

-5719
-5719
-22783
17064

3. Financial derivatives and employee stock options (net)

4. Other investment
Assets
4.1. Other equity
4.2. Currency and deposits
4.3. Loans
4.4. Trade credit and advances
4.5. Other accounts receivable
Liabilities
4.1. Currency and deposits
4.2. Loans
4.3. Insurance, pensions and standardised guarantee schemes
4.4. Trade credit and advances
4.5. Other accounts payable
4.6. Special drawing rights
5. Reserve assets
5.1. Monetary gold
5.2. Special drawing rights
5.3. Reserve position in the IMF
5.4. Other reserve assets
Total financial account
1 Debt instrument transactions on direct investment abroad represents claims
on affiliated enterprises plus claims on direct investors.
2 Debt instrument transactions on direct investment in the United Kingdom
represents liabilities to direct investors plus liabilities to affiliated
enterprises
Source:

Office for National Statistics

23429

23429
23446
11094
-11111
45006

45006
30218
14788
13947
-208691
-208691
1473
-193604
-16661
378
277

-213819

-213819
-278145
63598
-444
1172
4961
43
-84
5002
-214523

-145384

1.1 Summary of balance of payments

Balances (net credits less net debits)
million
Current account
Trade in
goods
LQCT
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014

-101
-358
-152
-138
-55
-693
-274
-246
-213
-319
44
-39
22
-128
-417
-160
-120
-143
-574
-288
-144
-647
-770
-283
-94
121
-828
-2676
-5357
-3379
-4080
-2440
-1711
-3514
1124
2986
1614
-1893
-5736
-3754
-9968
-12093
-22028
-25214
-19280
-10919
-13788
-13881
-11972
-12985
-14736
-12892
-22343
-29418
-33472
-41913
-48953
-50959
-61941
-70160
-78963
-90540
-95026
-86624
-97384
-93542
-106498
-115231
-123672

Trade in
services

Total goods and

services

Compensation of
employees

Investment
income

Other primary
income

Total primary
income

Secondary
income

KTMS
-274
-197
-64
-43
-4
32
123
123
115
42
26
121
119
118
39
51
50
4
-34
-66
44
157
341
392
455
617
722
907
1292
1708
2872
3704
4215
4573
4414
4776
4261
5406
6101
8499
8182
8926
7238
7239
8518
8693
9239
11596
12107
15627
16652
17032
14783
13546
13286
15952
16195
20803
26683
33774
42840
50807
48596
51913
54339
67332
72615
80998
89140

KTMY
-375
-555
-216
-181
-59
-661
-151
-123
-98
-277
70
82
141
-10
-378
-109
-70
-139
-608
-354
-100
-490
-429
109
361
738
-106
-1769
-4065
-1671
-1208
1264
2504
1059
5538
7762
5875
3513
365
4745
-1786
-3167
-14790
-17975
-10762
-2226
-4549
-2285
135
2642
1916
4140
-7560
-15872
-20186
-25961
-32758
-30156
-35258
-36386
-36123
-39733
-46430
-34711
-43045
-26210
-33883
-34233
-34532

KTMP
-20
-19
-20
-20
-21
-21
-22
-25
-27
-27
-30
-32
-34
-37
-35
-35
-37
-38
-33
-34
-39
-39
-48
-47
-56
-63
-52
-68
-92
-102
-140
-152
-140
-130
-82
-66
-95
-89
-94
-120
-156
-174
-64
-138
-110
-63
-49
35
-170
-296
93
83
-10
201
150
66
67
59
-494
-610
-958
-734
-715
-259
-389
-173
-148
-326
-443

HMBM
76
140
223
206
378
322
231
207
227
149
203
223
261
233
201
223
301
364
365
405
358
354
303
468
527
454
350
970
1010
257
760
-678
-300
-342
-2268
-1883
-2336
-1050
-326
-2609
71
-785
-1234
-2367
-4644
-5691
-990
-2488
1625
-435
-2351
-299
11792
-1530
6673
10615
17861
19324
22696
32094
16594
16626
5634
4863
20468
20427
1519
-16036
-32014

MT5W
686
819
711
441
579
968
1272
1279
1147
892
540
415
766
114
229
-273
-471
-651

HMBP
56
121
203
186
357
301
209
182
200
122
173
191
227
196
166
188
264
326
332
371
319
315
255
421
471
391
298
902
918
155
620
-830
-440
-472
-2350
-1949
-2431
-1139
-420
-2729
-85
-959
-1298
-2505
-4754
-5754
-1039
-2453
1455
-731
-2258
470
12601
-618
7264
11260
18896
20655
23481
32631
16528
16432
5334
5370
20193
20483
1098
-16833
-33108

KTNF
166
123
96
29
39
29
169
143
55
43
2
-5
4
-6
-9
-14
-37
-74
-75
-91
-118
-119
-109
-89
-90
-142
-336
-302
-313
-534
-889
-1420
-1777
-1653
-1219
-1476
-1391
-1566
-2924
-2094
-3437
-3293
-4228
-4802
-999
-5228
-5056
-5187
-7363
-4539
-6097
-8878
-7864
-10053
-6893
-9382
-10822
-11090
-12865
-12702
-13977
-14094
-15836
-20662
-21673
-21913
-26842
-25249

1 Using series YBHA: GDP at current market prices.

Source:

Office for National Statistics

Current Current balance as %

balance
of GDP1
HBOG
-153
-311
83
34
337
-331
227
202
157
-112
245
268
372
186
-218
70
180
150
-350
-58
128
-293
-293
421
743
1039
50
-1203
-3449
-1829
-1122
-455
644
-1190
1535
4594
1968
983
-1621
-908
-3965
-7563
-19381
-24708
-20318
-8979
-10816
-9794
-3597
-5452
-4881
-1487
-3837
-24354
-22975
-21594
-23244
-20323
-22867
-16620
-32297
-37278
-55190
-45177
-43514
-27400
-54698
-77908
-92889

AA6H
..
..
0.7
0.3
2.6
-2.3
1.5
1.2
0.9
-0.6
1.2
1.2
1.6
0.8
-0.8
0.3
0.6
0.5
-1
-0.2
0.3
-0.7
-0.7
0.9
1.4
1.7
0.1
-1.5
-3.9
-1.7
-0.9
-0.3
0.4
-0.6
0.6
1.7
0.7
0.3
-0.5
-0.2
-1
-1.7
-3.8
-4.4
-3.3
-1.4
-1.6
-1.4
-0.5
-0.7
-0.6
-0.2
-0.4
-2.5
-2.2
-2
-2.1
-1.7
-1.8
-1.2
-2.3
-2.5
-3.6
-3
-2.8
-1.7
-3.3
-4.5
-5.1

Capital
account

Financial
account

Net errors &

omissions

FKMJ
-21
-21
-17
-12
-10
-15
-15
-13
-13
-15
-13
-13
-10
-5
-6
-12
-12
-16
-17
-18
-19
-25
-26
-23
-22
-23
-35
-39
-34
-36
-12
11
-79
-103
-4
-79
6
75
107
185
135
159
-39
-56
222
-55
35
32
-252
97
806
509
-261
-258
393
73
-675
-65
90
-843
-1527
-169
220
404
3
-380
-167
-472
-762

-HBNT
-181
-552
58
103
447
-426
229
177
174
-34
250
313
411
68
7
-23
195
30
-392
-49
-22
-179
-688
794
818
1330
-477
-1031
-3185
-1569
-507
3286
2655
-864
2157
5312
1233
3287
7130
1657
122
-9690
-15271
-9988
-23090
-5711
-17720
-23696
3259
-1297
-2030
6544
563
-21261
-13653
-30063
-22441
-14153
-13517
-12309
-28644
-26556
-39301
-29024
-30276
-18239
-44821
-69139
-89408

HHDH
-7
-220
-8
80
119
-81
15
-14
27
89
12
48
37
-125
218
-97
11
-124
-48
2
-164
93
-431
327
21
230
-584
108
182
162
477
3561
1913
241
421
545
-1006
1954
8317
2042
3601
-2286
4149
14776
-2994
3323
-6939
-13934
7108
4058
2045
7522
4661
3351
8929
-8542
1478
6235
9260
5154
5180
10891
15669
15749
13235
9541
10044
9241
4243

1.2 Current account

million
1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

LQAD
KTMQ

122229
47953

135143
53035

153577
59149

167196
65037

172110
67325

163997
70326

166539
75909

188130
81693

189624
88416

186776
93222

188546
104592

191608
114683

212053
129265

243957
145837

222964
157653

254577
166245

229107
169507

270196
174176

308171
188908

304302
197432

306226
214813

295432
219759

KTMW

170182

188178

212726

232233

239435

234323

242448

269823

278040

279998

293138

306291

341318

389794

380617

420822

398614

444372

497079

501734

521039

515191

KTMN
HMBN
MT5S

595
71212
-

681
72883
-

887
85797
-

911
90122
-

1007
96180
3068

840
105941
2937

960
103423
2781

1032
134480
2571

1087
139884
2679

1121
124178
2912

1116
124908
3227

931
140914
3449

974
193049
3408

938
249298
3221

984
307890
2952

1046
287868
3051

1176
175117
3411

1097
174003
3059

1121
199995
3166

1124
170406
2625

1094
148507
2455

1074
141067
2309

Total primary income

HMBQ

71807

73564

86684

91033

100255

109718

107164

138083

143650

128211

129251

145294

197431

253457

311826

291965

179704

178159

204282

174155

152056

144450

Secondary income
General government
Other sectors

FJUM
FJUN

2826
9085

2138
8918

1730
10213

2828
11372

2393
8503

1767
8439

3542
6215

2465
6280

4991
6020

3663
7695

3968
8148

4299
8563

4385
10665

4471
15806

4408
9416

5720
14568

6271
10602

3843
11699

3536
10699

3711
12745

4295
14678

5032
14145

KTND

11911

11056

11943

14200

10896

10206

9757

8745

11011

11358

12116

12862

15050

20277

13824

20288

16873

15542

14235

16456

18973

19177

HBOE

253900

272798

311353

337466

350586

354247

359369

416651

432701

419567

434505

464447

553799

663528

706267

733075

595191

638073

715596

692345

692068

678818

Credits
Exports of goods and services
Exports of goods
Exports of services
Total exports of goods and services
Primary income
Compensation of employees
Investment income
Other primary income

Total secondary income

Total
Debits
Imports of goods and services
Imports of goods
Imports of services

LQBL
KTMR

136110
36357

147115
40928

166562
43522

181932
48385

185002
50293

186340
55543

195957
62363

221602
68407

231537
72464

235729
77027

239505
83789

253549
88000

282213
95491

322920
102997

313504
106846

349603
117649

315731
117594

367580
119837

401713
121576

410800
124817

421457
133815

419104
130619

KTMX

172467

188043

210084

230317

235295

241883

258320

290009

304001

312756

323294

341549

377704

425917

420350

467252

433325

487417

523289

535617

555272

549723

KTMO
HMBO
MT5U

560
73700
-

851
71258
-

1183
86232
-

818
92473
-

924
96479
2382

850
94149
2118

759
104953
2070

882
127807
2130

1021
129269
2100

1054
106317
1944

1057
105584
1955

1425
118218
2170

1584
160955
2261

1896
232704
2329

1718
291264
2412

1761
282234
2636

1435
170254
2645

1486
153535
2945

1294
179568
2937

1272
168887
2898

1420
164543
2926

1517
173081
2960

Total primary income

HMBR

74260

72109

87415

93291

99785

97117

107782

130819

132390

109315

108596

121813

164800

236929

295394

286631

174334

157966

183799

173057

168889

177558

Secondary income
General government
Other sectors

FJUO
FJUP

4156
12811

4795
11448

4811
14495

5081
13658

8370
8623

10701
8383

10913
6708

11819
6979

11056
6848

11968
8772

13648
9290

13803
10149

15596
12319

16063
16916

16382
11419

16966
17416

19268
13441

20900
15304

21716
14192

21989
16380

27015
18800

Total imports of goods and services

Primary income
Compensation of employees
Investment income
Other primary income

Total secondary income

25933
18493

KTNE

16967

16243

19306

18739

16993

19084

17621

18798

17904

20740

22938

23952

27915

32979

27801

34382

32709

36204

35908

38369

45815

44426

HBOF

263694

276395

316805

342347

352073

358084

383723

439626

454295

442811

454828

487314

570419

695825

743545

788265

640368

681587

742996

747043

769976

771707

LQCT
KTMS

-13881
11596

-11972
12107

-12985
15627

-14736
16652

-12892
17032

-22343
14783

-29418
13546

-33472
13286

-41913
15952

-48953
16195

-50959
20803

-61941
26683

-70160
33774

-78963
42840

-90540
50807

-95026
48596

-86624
51913

-97384
54339

-93542
67332

-106498
72615

-115231
80998

-123672
89140

KTMY

-2285

135

2642

1916

4140

-7560

-15872

-20186

-25961

-32758

-30156

-35258

-36386

-36123

-39733

-46430

-34711

-43045

-26210

-33883

-34233

-34532

KTMP
HMBM
MT5W

35
-2488
-

-170
1625
-

-296
-435
-

93
-2351
-

83
-299
686

-10
11792
819

201
-1530
711

150
6673
441

66
10615
579

67
17861
968

59
19324
1272

-494
22696
1279

-610
32094
1147

-958
16594
892

-734
16626
540

-715
5634
415

-259
4863
766

-389
20468
114

-173
20427
229

-148
1519
-273

-326
-16036
-471

-443
-32014
-651

Total primary income

HMBP

-2453

1455

-731

-2258

470

12601

-618

7264

11260

18896

20655

23481

32631

16528

16432

5334

5370

20193

20483

1098

-16833

-33108

Secondary income
General government
Other sectors

FJUQ
FJUR

-1330
-3726

-2657
-2530

-3081
-4282

-2253
-2286

-5977
-120

-8934
56

-7371
-493

-9354
-699

-6065
-828

-8305
-1077

-9680
-1142

-9504
-1586

-11211
-1654

-11592
-1110

-11974
-2003

-11246
-2848

-12997
-2839

-17057
-3605

-18180
-3493

-18278
-3635

-22720
-4122

-20901
-4348

KTNF

-5056

-5187

-7363

-4539

-6097

-8878

-7864

-10053

-6893

-9382

-10822

-11090

-12865

-12702

-13977

-14094

-15836

-20662

-21673

-21913

-26842

-25249

HBOG

-9794

-3597

-5452

-4881

-1487

-3837

-24354

-22975

-21594

-23244

-20323

-22867

-16620

-32297

-37278

-55190

-45177

-43514

-27400

-54698

-77908

-92889

Total
Balances
Trade in goods and services
Trade in goods
Trade in services
Total trade in goods and services
Primary income
Compensation of employees
Investment income
Other primary income

Total secondary income

Total (Current balance)
Source:

Office for National Statistics

1.3 Summary of international investment position, financial account

and investment income
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

billion
2014

N2V3
HHZZ
JX96
HLXV
LTEB

845.9
1120
709.4
2132.1
23.2

918
1383.1
820.1
2730.8
24.7

953.1
1556.2
853.7
2929.7
22.9

1099.7
1722.8
1378.2
3697.6
26.7

1364.3
1696.8
4040.2
4160.5
36.3

1189.9
1923.3
2176.4
3467.8
40.1

1271.7
2144.2
2962.9
3753.1
49.7

1297.1
2130.5
3617.8
4039.8
56.8

1348.1
2347.5
3060.1
3711.2
61.7

1267.5
2443.6
2424.4
3487.5
61.4

1227
2510.1
2828.6
3538.4
67.7

HBQA

4830.6

5876.8

6315.7

7924.9

11298.1

8797.6

10181.6

11141.9

10528.5

9684.3

10171.7

-N2SV
-HHZC
-ZPNN
-XBMM
-LTCV

70.6
146.7
6.8
330.4
0.2

87.8
160.5
-5.8
498.3
0.7

77
144.8
-20.6
394.7
-0.4

184.1
100.5
27
660.5
1.2

200.1
-113
121.7
-652
-1.3

-32.8
179.8
-29.1
-350.1
5.8

35.8
100.8
-25.5
238.5
6.1

50
12.5
3
103.2
4.9

7.7
131.9
-30.1
-233.7
7.6

-19
-5.7
13.9
-208.7
5

-53.4
17.6
-14
112
7.1

-HBNR

554.7

741.5

595.5

973.2

-444.6

-226.5

355.7

173.6

-116.7

-214.5

69.4

N2QP
HLYX
AIOP
HHCB

66
38
36.2
0.7

83.5
46.9
61.9
0.7

91.7
57
99.9
0.6

101.1
68.8
137.5
0.6

86.6
69.7
130.8
0.8

74.3
56.1
43.9
0.8

92.9
50
30.3
0.7

104.6
53.9
40.7
0.8

87.2
50.9
31.7
0.7

75.3
46.9
25.6
0.6

72.6
44.7
23.1
0.6

HMBN

140.9

193

249.3

307.9

287.9

175.1

174

200

170.4

148.5

141.1

N2UG
HLXW
JX97
HLYD

522.1
1259
715
2483.9

686.8
1499.1
831.1
2975.5

769
1744.2
890.5
3110.3

782.4
2023.7
1392.2
3906.3

937.7
2040
3915.3
4331.9

874.8
2437.6
2096.8
3614.5

941.1
2565.9
2895
3906.3

986.5
2515.7
3554.9
4206.6

1243
2529.7
3032.2
4071.2

1212.9
2479.7
2376.7
3859

1375
2619.2
2806.5
3825.2

HBQB

4980

5992.5

6514

8104.7

11224.9

9023.7

10308.3

11263.7

10876.1

9928.3

10625.9

N2SA
HHZF
XBMN

47.6
145.8
374.7

139.7
206.6
407.5

113
199.3
311.9

104.6
206.9
688.3

142.4
132.4
-680.2

6.2
210.8
-414.4

42.3
87
256.6

16.6
0.2
175

29.7
-81.1
-20.4

23.4
45
-213.8

28.2
99.6
31

HBNS

568.2

753.8

624.2

999.8

-405.3

-197.4

386

191.8

-71.8

-145.4

158.8

N2Q4
HLZC
HLZN

26.9
39.9
51.4

32.1
49.5
79.3

51.9
62.8
118

61.7
71.8
157.8

60.5
77.5
144.3

50.6
61.5
58.2

45.1
63.9
44.5

51.1
72.5
55.9

52.3
69
47.5

56.5
69.6
38.5

70.6
67.7
34.8

HMBO

118.2

161

232.7

291.3

282.2

170.3

153.5

179.6

168.9

164.5

173.1

MU7O
CGNH
JX98
CGNG
LTEB

323.8
-139
-5.6
-351.8
23.2

231.3
-116
-11
-244.7
24.7

184.1
-188
-36.8
-180.6
22.9

317.2
-300.9
-14.1
-208.7
26.7

426.6
-343.2
124.9
-171.3
36.3

315.1
-514.3
79.6
-146.7
40.1

330.6
-421.6
67.8
-153.2
49.7

310.6
-385.2
62.9
-166.8
56.8

105
-182.2
27.9
-360
61.7

54.6
-36.1
47.7
-371.6
61.4

-148
-109.2
22.1
-286.8
67.7

HBQC

-149.4

-115.7

-198.4

-179.7

73.2

-226.1

-126.8

-121.8

-347.6

-244

-454.1

-MU7M
-HHZD
-ZPNN
-HHYR
-LTCV

22.9
0.9
6.8
-44.3
0.2

-51.9
-46.1
-5.8
90.8
0.7

-36
-54.4
-20.6
82.8
-0.4

79.5
-106.4
27
-27.9
1.2

57.7
-245.4
121.7
28.1
-1.3

-39
-31
-29.1
64.3
5.8

-6.5
13.8
-25.5
-18.1
6.1

33.3
12.3
3
-71.8
4.9

-22
213
-30.1
-213.4
7.6

-42.5
-50.7
13.9
5.1
5

-81.6
-82
-14
81
7.1

-HBNT

-13.5

-12.3

-28.6

-26.6

-39.3

-29

-30.3

-18.2

-44.8

-69.1

-89.4

MU7E
HLZX
CGNA
HHCB

39
-1.8
-15.2
0.7

51.4
-2.6
-17.4
0.7

39.7
-5.7
-18.1
0.6

39.4
-3
-20.4
0.6

26.1
-7.8
-13.4
0.8

23.8
-5.4
-14.2
0.8

47.8
-13.9
-14.2
0.7

53.5
-18.6
-15.2
0.8

34.9
-18.2
-15.8
0.7

18.8
-22.7
-12.8
0.6

2
-22.9
-11.7
0.6

HMBM

22.7

32.1

16.6

16.6

5.6

4.9

20.5

20.4

1.5

-16

-32

Investment abroad
International investment position
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives
Other investment
Reserve assets
Total
Financial account transactions 1
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives (net)
Other investment
Reserve assets
Total
Investment income
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Reserve assets
Total
Investment in the UK
International investment position
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives
Other investment
Total
Financial account transactions
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Total
Investment income
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Total
Net investment
International investment position
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives
Other investment
Reserve assets
Net investment position
Financial account transactions 1
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Financial derivatives
Other investment
Reserve assets
Net transactions
Investment income
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Reserve assets
Net earnings
1 When downloading data from the Pink Book dataset users should
reverse the sign of series that have an identifier that is prefixed with
a minus sign.
Source:

Office for National Statistics