Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
P1-P2
+ 3 dB
+ 6 dB
+ 9 dB
+ 10 dB
+ 13 dB
+ 16 dB
+ 20 dB
+ 23 dB
+ 30 dB
p1/p2
1/2
P1-P2
- 3 dB
1/10
etc.
- 10dB
p1 (W)
0.01 pW
1 mW
1W
2W
P1 (dBm)
- 110 dBm
0 dBm
30 dBm
33 dBm
5W
37 dBm
50 W
500 W
47 dBm
57 dBm
Comments
BTS RX sensitivity
Max MS pwr in 1800
Max MS pwr in 900
Max TX pwr from micro BTS
BTS TX pwr in our lab (set by
default)
Max TX pwr from Macro BTS
Max TX pwr from BTS antenna
1/5
TX 0
COMB 1
TX 1
Feeders
Jumpers
COMB 2 TX 2
TX 2
COMB 2
TX 3
DIV A
RX 0
RX A
RX 1
RX 2
COMB 1
DIV A
TX 1
RX A
TX 1
Dupl RX A
TX 2
RX A
RX 1
DIV B
Dupl
RX 2
RX B
DIV B
RX 3
RX 3
BTS CABINET
BTS CABINET
TX 2
RX B
TX 1
TX 1
TX 3
RX 0
TX 0
TX 1
TX 1
TX 2
RX A
TX 2
TX 2
RX B
RX B
Types of TMA:
Simplex
Duplex
Dual-Duplex
20 dB (1W)
RX B
BTS cabinet
2/5
Coupler
RX A
20 dB (50W)
Coupler
TX
4x 20 dB (1W)
MS
The antenna gain is expressed in dBd or dBi; dBd expresses the gain compared to a dipole antenna, while
dBi expresses the gain compared to an isotrop antenna (an antenna emitting equally in all directions).
G (dBi) = G (dBd) + 2 dB.
The Radiated Power (ERP or EIRP) is equal to the BTS output power minus feeder loss plus antenna gain.
If Ant. gain is expressed in dBd, then: ERP (dBm) = BTSout (dBm) feeder loss (dB) + Ant.gain (dBd)
If Ant. gain is expressed in dBi, then: EIRP (dBm) = BTSout (dBm) feeder loss (dB) + Ant.gain (dBi)
Ex: EIRP (RBS 2000 CDU A-900) = 44.5 4 + 17 = 57.5 dBm = 500 W
Omni-directional antenna:
Omni-antennas have a uniform radiation pattern with respect to horizontal directions. However, looking at
vertical directions, the radiation pattern is concentrated thus making gain possible. Typical gain values are
between 8 and 11 dBi (6 to 9 dBd). The limiting factor is mainly the physical size. As an example, an omni
antenna for 900 MHz with a gain of 11 dBi has a height of 3 meters. (In 1800/1900 MHz, an antenna with
such a gain will be twice as short since the wavelength is twice as short.)
Sector Antenna
3/5
A sector antenna (or uni-directional antenna) is realised by adding reflectors behind the stack of dipoles, thus
creating a gain in a certain horizontal direction. Typical values for the horizontal beamwidth (BW) at 3 dB
are: 33 (highway coverage), 65 (120 sector) or 90 (180 sector).
Example of 900 MHz sector antennas:
Horizontal BW
at 3 dB at 10 dB
33
60
33
60
65
120
65
120
90
180
Height
Max gain
Application
0.25 m
1m
0.25 m
2m
2,5 m
12 dBi
18 dBi
9 dBi
17 dBi
16.5 dBi
4/5
VSWR
1 rc
1 rc
RL
30 dB
20 dB
14 dB
11 dB
8.5 dB
6.5 dB
rc
0.032
0.1
0.2
0.283
0.376
0.471
VSWR
1.07
1.22
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.8
TP
99.9%
99 %
96 %
93 %
88 %
82 %
3 dB
0.707
5.83
67 %
5/5
Comments
antennas usually have a VSWR in this range
(between 1.2 and 1.5)
class 2 alarm (warning)
class 1 alarm (BSC should disable TX)
TX disables itself automatically (if it hasnt been
already disabled by BSC)
terrible