VASCULAR LESIONS:

Hemangioma- bright red, raised, non blanch, present around birth gone by age 10, any
part of body.
Port-wine- flat, irregular, color varies, present at birth, m/c on face/head
Spider angioma- flat, bright red dot, blanches, m/c on upper half of body
Venous lake- flat, blue, veins extending from, caused by IV pressure, m/c anterior
chest, lower legs
Petechiae- flat, red/purple, non blanch, minute hemorrhages, m/c back, butt, face
Purpura- flat, redish blue, irregular patch, noticeable on legs, arms, back of hands, from
bleeding disorder
Ecchymosis (bruise)- flat, irregular, no blanch, from trauma or deficiency
Hematoma- raised, irregular, looks like swelling, from trauma, incision
PRIMARY LESIONS:
Macule and patch- flat, change in skin color. Freckles, measles, Mongolian spots, port
wine, chloasma
Papule and plaque- elevated, solid mass, border. Elevated moles, warts, psoriasis actinic
keratosis
Nodule and tumor- elevated, solid, deeper in dermis, border. Squamous carcinoma,
fibroma, carcinoma
Vesicle and bulla- elevated, fluid filled, round/oval, border. Herpes, poison ivy, blisters,
dermatitis
Wheal- elevated, reddish, irreg border, diffuse fluid in tissues. Insect bites, hives
Pustule- elevated, pus filled vesicle or bulla, border. Acne, impetigo, carbuncles (lg boil)
Cyst- elevated, encapsulated, fluid filled, in subcu or dermis. Sebaceous or epidermoid
cysts
SECONDARY LESIONS:
Atrophy- translucent, dry, thinning/wasting of skin, loss of collagen/elastin. Striae, aged
skin
Erosion- wearing away of epidermis=moist shallow depression. Heal w/o scar. Scratch,
ruptured vesicle
Lichenification- rough, thickened, hard, epidermis from chronic irritation. Chronic
dermatitis
Scales- shedding flakes, gray/white/silver. Dry skin, dandruff, psoriasis, eczema
Crust- dry blood/serum/pus when vesicles/pustules burst. Eczema, impetigo, herpes,
scabs
Ulcer- deep, irregular, skin loss into dermis or subcu. Decubitus ulcers, stasis ulcers,
chancres
Fissure- linear crack, sharp edges into dermis. Cracks at corners of mouth or in hands,
athletes foot
Scar- flat, irregular, connective tissue, from healed wound/injury/acne
Keloid- elevated, irregular, darkened, excessive collagen during healing. African
descent. Piercing, surg
COMMON SKIN LESIONS:
Tinea- fungal infection, body/scalp/feet. Appear as papules, pustules, vesicles, scales
Measles (rubeola)- viral, rash, red/purple macules/papules, face down to body, non
blanch, m/c in kids
German measles (rubella)- virus, papular rash, paler than measles, face then body,
swollen glands

Varicella- caused by herpes zoster, fluid filled vesicles that erupt over several days,
pustules then crust
Herpes simplex- viral, lesions on lips/oral mucosa/genitals, vesicles to pustules then crust
Herpes zoster- eruption dormant virus, vesicles clusters along sensory nerve lines to
pustules then crust
Psoriasis- thickening of skin, dry/silvery/scaly patches, overproduction of skin cells
Contact dermatitis- inflammation of skin from contact with allergy. Redness, hives,
vesicles, scales
Eczema- internally provoked inflammation, red papules/vesicles that ooze, weep form
crust
Impetigo- bacterial infection, m/c nose/mouth. Blisters break form crusts infection spread
from edges
MALIGANT SKIN LEASIOS:
Basal cell carcinoma- m/c, least malignant, shiny papules that develop central ulcers,
stratum basale
Squamous cell carcinoma- red scaly papule then ulcer, scalp/ears/hands/lower lip.
Stratum spinosum
Malignant melanoma- least common, most serious, black/brown/blue/red, spreads to
lymph and vessels
Kaposis sarcoma- malignant tumor, epidermis/epithelial, soft, blue/purple,
macular/popular, m/c HIV+

CONFIGURATIONS AND SHAPES OF LESIONS:

Annular- circular shape. Tinea corporis
Confluent- run together. Urticarial
Discrete- separate. Molluscum
Grouped- appear in clusters. Purpural lesion
Gyrate-coiled or twisted
Target- concentric circles of color. Erythema multiforme
Linear- appear as a line. Scratches
Polycystic- circular but united. Psoriasis
Zosteriform- arranged in a linear manner along nerve route. Herpes zoster
ABNORMALITIES OF THE HAIR:
Seborrheic dermatitis- common in infants. Cradal cap. Eczema, yellow/white greasy
scales
Tinea capitis- patchy hair loss on head with pustules, fungal, highly contagious
Alopecia areata- sudden loss of hair in a round patch, no know cause
Folliculitis- infections of hair follicles, pustules with underlying erythema
Furuncle/abscess- from folliculitis, hard, erythematous, pus filled. Abscess is larger than
furuncle
Hirsutism- excess body hair in females on face/chest/abdomen/arms/legs.
Endocrine/metabolic
ABORMAILITIES OF THE NAILS:

Spoon nails- concave, thinning, commonly congenital

Paronychia- infection of skin around the nail, bacteria or fungi, red/swollen, painful, pus
may ooze
Beaus line- from trauma/illness affecting nail formation, linear depression at base,
moves with growth
Splinter hemorrhage- result of trauma or in endocarditis, reddish/brown spots
Clubbing- nail looks convex, wide, angle > 160, chronic respiratory/cardiac conditions,
O2 compromised
Onycholysis- nail plate loosens from distal end and proceeds to proxima