ELPLA 10 en

ELPLA 10
USERS GUIDE
Determining
contact pressures, settlements, moments
and shear forces of raft and piled raft by the
method of finite elements
Windows - Version 10
Program authors:
Prof. M. El Gendy
Dr. A. El Gendy
GEOTEC Software Inc.

PO Box 14001 Richmond Road PO, Calgary AB, Canada T3E 7Y7
Tele.:+1(587) 332-3323
geotec@geotecsoftware.com
www.geotecsoftware.com
Contents
1
Description of ELPLA ........................................................................................................................... 2
ELPLA Editions ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1
ELPLA Standard Edition ............................................................................................................. 3
2.2
ELPLA Lite Edition ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.3
ELPLA Professional Edition ........................................................................................................ 3

ELPLA General Features ...................................................................................................................... 4
3
3.1
File Menu ............................................................................................................................... 4

3.1.1 "New" command .......................................................................................................... 4
3.1.2 "Open" command ......................................................................................................... 4
3.1.3 "Save FE-Net" command .............................................................................................. 4
3.1.4 "Save FE-Net as" command .......................................................................................... 4
3.1.5 "Close FE-Net" command ............................................................................................. 4
3.2
"Send to" Menu ........................................................................................................................ 4

3.2.1 "Send to Word" command ........................................................................................... 5
3.2.2 "Send to Excel" command ............................................................................................ 6
3.2.3 "Copy" command.......................................................................................................... 6
3.2.4 "Send to ELPLA-Section" command .............................................................................. 7
3.2.5 "Make WMF-File" command ........................................................................................ 9
3.3
"Print" Menu ............................................................................................................................. 9

3.3.1 "Print" command .......................................................................................................... 9
3.3.2 "Print Preview" command .......................................................................................... 10
3.3.3 "Page setup" command .............................................................................................. 11
3.3.4 "Quick Print" command .............................................................................................. 12
3.4
Help Menu ........................................................................................................................... 12

3.4.1 "About ELPLA" command ........................................................................................... 13
3.4.2 Tutorial Command................................................................................................... 13
3.4.3 Verification Examples Command ............................................................................ 14
3.4.4 "Contents" command ................................................................................................. 15
3.5
Graphic- Options Command Group ..................................................................................... 16

3.5.1 "Scale" command ....................................................................................................... 16
3.5.2 "Set range" command ................................................................................................ 16
3.5.3 "Axes" command ........................................................................................................ 17
3.5.4 "Title" command ......................................................................................................... 17
3.5.5 "Page No." command ................................................................................................. 18
3.6
Data- Options Command Group .......................................................................................... 18

3.6.1 "View Grouping" command ........................................................................................ 18
3.6.2 "Cartesian Grid" command ......................................................................................... 19
3.7
Window Command Group ................................................................................................... 19

3.7.1 "Zoom in" command................................................................................................... 20
3.7.2 "Zoom out" command ................................................................................................ 20
3.7.3 "Zoom window" command ......................................................................................... 20
3.7.4 "Zoom %" dropdown menu ........................................................................................ 20
3.7.5 "Original size" command ............................................................................................ 20
3.7.6 "Viewing angle" command ......................................................................................... 20
3.7.7 "Redraw" command ................................................................................................... 21
3.8
Other feature commands........................................................................................................ 22

3.8.1 "Select Nodes" command ........................................................................................... 22
3.8.2 "Undo" command ....................................................................................................... 22
3.8.3 "Redo" command ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
ELPLA 10
3.8.4
3.8.5
3.8.6
3.8.7
ELPLA Button (FileMenu) .................................................................................................................. 23
4
4.1
"New Project" command ........................................................................................................ 24
4.2
Open Project" command ....................................................................................................... 24
4.3
Save Project As" command ................................................................................................... 25
4.4
File list" command ................................................................................................................. 26
4.5
"Combination of many projects" command ........................................................................... 27

An overview of Data Tab ................................................................................................................... 27
5
5.1
"Calculation methods" command ........................................................................................... 28

5.1.1 Analysis of system of many slab foundations ............................................................. 32
5.1.2 Analysis of plane stress ............................................................................................... 33
5.1.3 Two-Dimensional Frame Problems............................................................................. 34
5.1.4 Coordinate Systems .................................................................................................... 34
5.1.5 Element Loads ............................................................................................................ 35
5.1.6 Graphical output ......................................................................................................... 36
5.2
"Project identification" command .......................................................................................... 36

"FE-Net data" Tab ............................................................................................................................. 36
6.1.1 File Menu - "New FE-Net" command ......................................................................... 37
6
6.2
Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 40

6.2.1 "Remove Nodes" command ....................................................................................... 40
6.2.2 "Add Nodes" command .............................................................................................. 41
6.2.3 "Slab Corners" command ........................................................................................... 42
6.2.4 "Add Opening" command ........................................................................................... 45
6.2.5 "Add reference points" command .............................................................................. 46
6.2.6 "Add reference lines" command ................................................................................ 48
6.3
FENet Generation Menu ....................................................................................................... 50

6.3.1 "Generation type" command ..................................................................................... 50
6.3.2 "New generation" command ...................................................................................... 51
6.3.3 "Generating FE-Net" command .................................................................................. 51
6.3.4 "Smoothing the mesh" command .............................................................................. 51
6.3.5 "Directing border elements" command ..................................................................... 51
6.3.6 "Refining the mesh" command .................................................................................. 52
6.4
In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 53

6.4.1 "Slab corners" command ............................................................................................ 53
6.4.2 "Opening corners" command ..................................................................................... 54
6.4.3 "Reference points" command .................................................................................... 54
6.4.4 "Reference lines" command ....................................................................................... 55
6.4.5 "Node coordinates" command ................................................................................... 56
6.4.6 "Connectivity nodes" command ................................................................................. 56
6.5
Important notes ...................................................................................................................... 57

6.5.1 Generating Circular Slab with Curved Element .......................................................... 57
"Girders" command .......................................................................................................................... 59
7
7.1
iii
"Redo" command ....................................................................................................... 22

"Close" command ....................................................................................................... 22
Exit" command .......................................................................................................... 22
Recent Projects" command ...................................................................................... 23

7.1.1 "Remove girders" command ...................................................................................... 59
7.1.2 "Add girders" command ............................................................................................. 59
7.1.3 "Edit girders" command ............................................................................................. 59
ELPLA 10
7.2
"Spring Supports" command ............................................................................................................. 63
8
8.1

8.1.1 "Remove spring supports" command ......................................................................... 64
8.1.2 "Add spring supports" command ............................................................................... 64
8.2

8.2.1 "Column types" command.......................................................................................... 65
8.2.2 "Spring supports" command ...................................................................................... 66
"Supports/ Boundary conditions" command .................................................................................... 66
10
11
12

7.2.1 "Girder groups" command ......................................................................................... 60
7.2.2 "Girders" command .................................................................................................... 62
9.1

9.1.1 "Remove boundaries" command ............................................................................... 68
9.1.2 "Add boundary" command ......................................................................................... 68
9.2

9.2.1 "Column types" command.......................................................................................... 68
9.2.2 "Node restraints" command ....................................................................................... 69
"Piles" command .............................................................................................................................. 70
10.1

10.1.1 "Remove piles" command .......................................................................................... 70
10.1.2 "Add piles" command ................................................................................................. 70
10.2
10.3
"Pile groups" command .......................................................................................................... 71

10.3.1 Pile groups for Simple Assumption Model ................................................................. 71
10.3.2 Pile groups for Winklers Model ................................................................................. 71
10.3.3 Pile groups for Isotropic Elastic Half-Space and Layered soil Models ........................ 72
10.3.4 "Pile locations and groups" command ....................................................................... 73
10.3.5 "Pile material" command ........................................................................................... 73
"Soil properties" command ............................................................................................................... 73

11.1
Soil properties for Simple Assumption Model ........................................................................ 73
11.2
Soil properties for Winklers Model ........................................................................................ 74
11.3
Soil properties for Isotropic Elastic Half-Space Model ............................................................ 74
Soil properties for Layered soil Model............................................................................................... 77

12.1

12.1.1 "List of boring logs" command ................................................................................... 78
12.2
Data Command Group ......................................................................................................... 80

12.2.1 "Soil data" command .................................................................................................. 80
12.2.2 "Main soil data" command ......................................................................................... 81
12.2.3 Definition of boring logs graphically ........................................................................... 82
13
"Net of soil elements in z-direction" command ................................................................................. 83
14
"Limit depth" command .................................................................................................................... 84
15
"Foundation (Slab) properties" command......................................................................................... 84
iv
ELPLA 10
15.1

15.1.1 "Select elements" command ...................................................................................... 85
15.1.2 "Element groups" command ...................................................................................... 85
15.2

15.2.1 "Element groups" command ...................................................................................... 86
15.2.2 "Group regions" command ......................................................................................... 86
15.3
Foundation (Slab) properties Command Group ...................................................................... 87

15.3.1 "Unit weight of the foundation" command ................................................................ 87
15.3.2 "Foundation Depth" command .................................................................................. 87
15.3.3 "Origin Coordinates" command ................................................................................. 89
15.3.4 "Foundation level from a fixed datum" command ..................................................... 90
16
"Reinforcement data" command ...................................................................................................... 91
17
"Boring fields" command .................................................................................................................. 92
18
17.1

17.1.1 "Zone type I" command .............................................................................................. 93
17.1.2 "Zone type II" command ............................................................................................. 94
17.1.3 "Zone type III" command ............................................................................................ 95
17.2

17.2.1 "Zone type I" command .............................................................................................. 95
17.2.2 "Zone type II" command ............................................................................................. 96
17.2.3 "Zone type III" command ............................................................................................ 97
17.3
Boring Fields Command Group ............................................................................................ 98

17.3.1 "Interpolation method" command ............................................................................. 98
17.3.2 "Subarea method" command ..................................................................................... 98
17.3.3 Boring fields Menu"Hand-Division of boring logs to nodes" command ................... 99
"Loads" command........................................................................................................................... 102

18.1
Graphically Command Group ............................................................................................ 102

18.1.1 "Point loads" command ............................................................................................ 102
18.1.2 "Moments Mx" command ......................................................................................... 103
18.1.3 "Moments My" command ......................................................................................... 104
18.1.4 "Line loads" command.............................................................................................. 105
18.1.5 "Line moments" command ....................................................................................... 106
18.1.6 "Distributed loads (Polygon)" command .................................................................. 107
18.1.7 "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" command ............................................................... 108
18.1.8 "Remove loads" command ....................................................................................... 109
18.1.9 "Edit Loads" command ............................................................................................. 109
18.2
In Table Command Group .................................................................................................. 109

18.2.1 "Distributing the point load" command ................................................................... 110
18.2.2 "Column types" command........................................................................................ 110
18.2.3 "Point loads" command ............................................................................................ 111
18.2.4 "Moments Mx" command ......................................................................................... 111
18.2.5 "Moments My" command ......................................................................................... 112
18.2.6 "Line loads" command.............................................................................................. 112
18.2.7 "Line moments" command ....................................................................................... 113
18.2.8 "Distributed loads (Polygon)" command .................................................................. 113
18.2.9 "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" command ............................................................... 113
18.3
"Using Formula Command .................................................................................................. 114
19
"Neighboring foundations" command ............................................................................................ 115
20
"Temperature change" command ................................................................................................... 115
ELPLA 10
21
22
23
vi
"Additional settlements" command ................................................................................................ 115

21.1

21.1.1 Remove additional settlements command ........................................................... 116
21.1.2 "Add additional settlements" command .................................................................. 116
21.2
In Table Command Group .................................................................................................. 117

21.2.1 "Additional settlements" command ......................................................................... 117
Solver Tab ....................................................................................................................................... 117

22.1
Individual Calculations .......................................................................................................... 118
22.2
"Assembling the load vector" command .............................................................................. 118
22.3
"Preparing the calculation" command .................................................................................. 120
22.4
"Determining the ultimate bearing capacity" command ...................................................... 120
22.5
"Determining the limit depth" command ............................................................................. 120
22.6
"Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction" command .............................................. 120
22.7
"Determining flexibility coefficients of piles" command ...................................................... 121
22.8
"Determining flexibility coefficients" command ................................................................... 121
22.9
"Determining flexibility coefficients for system of rafts" command .................................. 122
22.10
"Assembling the soil stiffness matrix" command ................................................................. 122
22.11
"Influence of neighboring foundations on settlements" command ..................................... 122
22.12
"Influence of the temperature change on raft" command ................................................... 122
22.13
"Influence of additional settlements on raft" command ...................................................... 122
22.14
"Assembling the girder stiffness matrix" command ............................................................. 122
22.15
"Assembling the slab stiffness matrix" command ................................................................ 122
22.16
"Solving the system of linear equations" command ............................................................. 122
22.17
"Iteration process" command ............................................................................................... 122
22.18
"Analysis of the rigid raft" command .................................................................................... 123
22.19
"Analysis of the flexible foundation" command ................................................................... 124
22.20
"Performing the nonlinear analysis" command .................................................................... 124
22.21
"Performing the nonlinear analysis of piled raft foundation" command ............................. 124
22.22
"Determining deformation, internal forces, contact pressures" command ......................... 124
22.23
"Design of the slab" command ............................................................................................. 125
22.24
"Determining displacements, stresses and strains in soil" command .................................. 125
22.25
"Analysis of the plane frame" command .............................................................................. 125
22.26
"Analysis of the plane stress" command .............................................................................. 125
22.27
"Computation of all" command ............................................................................................ 125
22.28
Self-Adaptive Mesh Wizard ................................................................................................... 126
Results Tab...................................................................................................................................... 129

23.1
"Plan View" command .......................................................................................................... 129
23.2
"Isometric View" (Data Command Group) command ........................................................... 130
23.3
"Contour Lines" ..................................................................................................................... 131

23.3.1 Contours with a constant interval ............................................................................ 132
23.3.2 Contours with a variable interval ............................................................................. 133
ELPLA 10
23.3.3 Color contours .......................................................................................................... 134
23.4
"Isometric View" (Results Command Group) command ....................................................... 134
23.5
"Result Values" command .................................................................................................... 135
23.6
"Distribution Curves" command ........................................................................................... 136
23.7
"Circular Diagrams" command .............................................................................................. 137
23.8
"Deformation" command ..................................................................................................... 138
23.9
"Principal Moments " command ........................................................................................... 139
23.10
"Support Reactions" command ............................................................................................. 139
23.11
"Punching Shear" command ................................................................................................. 140
23.12
"Beam results" command ..................................................................................................... 140

23.12.1 "Distribution of Internal Forces in the plan" ............................................................ 140
23.12.2 "Internal Forces in Isometric View" .......................................................................... 141
23.13
"Soil Deformation as Vectors" command ............................................................................. 142
23.14
"Soil Deformation as Deformed Mesh" command ............................................................... 143
23.15
"Principal Soil Stresses" command ....................................................................................... 144
23.16
"Principal Soil Strains" command .......................................................................................... 144
23.17
"Boring logs/ Limit depth" command ................................................................................... 145
23.18
23.19
"Boring Locations" command ............................................................................................... 148
24
An overview of ELPLA-Section ......................................................................................................... 149
25
Section Command Group ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
26
27
25.1
Section in x-direction" command ........................................................................................ 149
25.2
Max./ Min. values in x-direction" command ....................................................................... 151
25.3
Overlapping in x-direction" command ................................................................................ 153
25.4
Section in y-direction" command ........................................................................................ 155
25.5
Max./ Min. values in y-direction" command ....................................................................... 157
25.6
Overlapping in y-direction" command ................................................................................ 159
25.7
Arbitrary Section" command ............................................................................................... 161
List Group Command ................................................................................................................... 163

26.1
Display Tables of Data" command ...................................................................................... 163
26.2
List Tables of Data through Text-Editor" command ............................................................ 164
26.3
Display Tables of Results" command .................................................................................. 166
26.4
List tables of results through Text-Editor" command ......................................................... 167
Text-Editor ...................................................................................................................................... 169

27.1
vii
Clipboard Group Command .................................................................................................. 169

27.1.1 "Cut" command ........................................................................................................ 169
27.1.2 "Copy" command...................................................................................................... 169
27.1.3 "Paste" command ..................................................................................................... 169
27.1.4 "Delete" command ................................................................................................... 169
27.1.5 "Select all" command ............................................................................................... 170
ELPLA 10
27.2
"Editing" command group..................................................................................................... 170

27.2.1 "Find" command ....................................................................................................... 170
27.2.2 "Find next" command ............................................................................................... 170
27.2.3 "Replace" command ................................................................................................. 170
Font command group .................................................................................................................. 171
28
28.1
"Paragraph" command group ............................................................................................... 171

28.1.1 "Numbering" command............................................................................................ 171
28.1.2 "Bullets" command ................................................................................................... 171
28.1.3 "Protect" command .................................................................................................. 171
28.1.4 Alignment ................................................................................................................. 171
28.2
"Page" command group ........................................................................................................ 171
Setting Tab ...................................................................................................................................... 172
29
29.1
Setting-Options Command Group ..................................................................................... 172

29.1.1 "Plot parameters" command .................................................................................... 172
29.1.2 "Display values" command ....................................................................................... 174
29.1.3 "View grouping" command ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
29.2
Format Command Group ................................................................................................... 175

29.2.1 "Line formats" command ......................................................................................... 175
29.2.2 "Fill color" command ................................................................................................ 176
29.2.3 "Max. Ordinate" command ...................................................................................... 177
29.2.4 "Font" command ...................................................................................................... 177
29.2.5 "Legend" command .................................................................................................. 178
29.3
Main Data Command Group .............................................................................................. 178

29.3.1 "Preferences" command .......................................................................................... 178
29.3.2 "Directory of data" command .................................................................................. 179
29.3.3 "Firm header" command .......................................................................................... 179
29.3.4 "Help language setting" command ........................................................................... 180
29.3.5 "System of Units" command .................................................................................... 180
29.3.6 "Number formats" command ................................................................................... 181
29.3.7 "Design code parameters" command....................................................................... 181
29.3.8 "Project Explorer" command .................................................................................... 182
29.3.9 "Status bar" command ............................................................................................. 182
30
References ...................................................................................................................................... 182
31
Tips and Tricks ................................................................................................................................ 184

31.1
Mouse ................................................................................................................................... 184
32
Index 186
33
Appendix: A - ELPLA Output Samples .............................................................................................. 187

33.1
Samples for graphical drawings ............................................................................................ 187
33.2
Samples for drawings across sections ................................................................................... 187
33.3
Samples for boring logs drawings ......................................................................................... 187
33.4
Samples for adaptive mesh ................................................................................................... 188
33.5
Listing samples for data and results ...................................................................................... 188
34
viii
Appendix: B - ELPLA File Extensions ................................................................................................ 218
ELPLA 10
Description of ELPLA
The program ELPLA is a part of the program package GEOTEC. The original program ELPLA was developed
firstly by M. Kany, M. El Gendy and A. El Gendy and then after the death of Prof. Kany it was revised by M. El
Gendy and A. El Gendy.
ELPLA version 10 is a major update to ELPLA v9.3. It has a significant enhancement. The new features and
enhancements are the result of feedbacks from users over the last years.
ELPLA is a graphical software product that operates under Microsoft Windows 7 & 8. The common "what you
see is what you get" of Windows applications makes it easy to learn how to use ELPLA, especially if you are
already familiar with the Windows environment.
Start ELPLA by clicking the program icon in the Windows "Start"-Menu or Windows Desktop. The following
introduction screen (Figure 1) appears.
Many of the tools you use in ELPLA are found in the Ribbon, which is near the top of the ELPLA window. The
following illustration shows the Ribbon and other parts of ELPLA.
The usage of the program is typically such that first data files are created describing a certain problem by Data
Tab, and then the project problem is analyzed by using Solver Tab. Finally, the results can be presented as
graphical drawing, graphs and tables using the six separate command groups: Data, Results, Soil Data, Boring,
Section and List Groups in Results Tab.
The next paragraphs describe the purpose and function of each ELPLA command.
1
ELPLA button
Project
Explorer
Ribbon
4
Quick
Access
Toolbar
Figure 1 Introduction screen of the program ELPLA
View area
Status Bar
ELPLA Editions
ELPLA is available in three editions, each geared to meet a specific set of user requirements. The features
available to you depend on which product you have (Table 2-1).
ELPLA 10
2.1
ELPLA Standard Edition
The ELPLA Standard edition allows users to easily create projects for analysis and design floor slab or raft
foundation. It includes all the ELPLA standard functions required to analyze and design raft foundation.
2.2
ELPLA Lite Edition
The ELPLA Lite edition allows users to easily create projects for analysis and design floor slab or raft
foundation. It includes all the ELPLA standard functions except that the node number is limited to 300 nodes.
Full documentation is provided with the ELPLA Lite edition.
2.3
ELPLA Professional Edition
The professional edition provides professional users with all methods for analysis and design floor slab,
isolated raft or system of rafts. It includes all the features of the ELPLA theory. Documentation provided with
the professional edition includes the "ELPLA reinforced concrete design" book plus ELPLA Users Guide
containing full documentation of ELPLA theory with illustrated examples.
Table 2-1 ELPLA editions
Limit
Standard
Professional
300
Unlimited
Unlimited
1-Linear Contact Pressure
2- Constant Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
3- Variable Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
4- Modification of Modulus of Subgrade Reaction by Iteration
5- Isotropic Elastic Half Space
6- Modulus of Compressibility (Iteration)
7- Modulus of Compressibility (Elimination)
8- Rigid Slab
9- Flexible foundation
Symmetrical system about x-axis
Symmetrical system about y-axis
Double-symmetrical system
Anti-symmetrical system in x-axis
Influence of temperature change
Influence of additional settlements
Influence of external foundation
Max. number of nodes

Analysis of system of many foundations
Calculation methods:
System Symmetry:
Special Cases:
ELPLA 10
ELPLA General Features
ELPLA includes features that make the software easier for the users. The following paragraphs describe ELPLA
general features.
ELPLA general features are common features that may be repeated under different menus or
command groups. They are listed in this section to not repeat them through the user guides.
Common features are similar those of Windows CAD and Rendering programs. If you are
familiar with Windows CAD and Rendering programs, you can certainly skip this chapter and
can get a head start form Chapter 4.
3.1
File Menu
Some of ELPLA data are defined through new Tabs. Each data tab has File menu with the following
commands:
Figure 2 File menu

3.1.1 "New" command
A new data file is created.
3.1.2 "Open" command
Load saved data file again. Then the loaded data file if desired, can be redefined.
3.1.3 "Save" command
Save the current data file under the available name.
3.1.4 "Save As" command
Save the current data file under a new name.
3.1.5 "Close" command
Close the current Tab.
3.2
"Send to" Menu
Send to menu is used to export data in different format.
ELPLA 10
3.2.1 "Send to Word" command
Export results and drawings MS Word, Figure 3.
Figure 3 Exporting drawing to Word
ELPLA 10
3.2.2 "Send to Excel" command
Export results as diagrams to MS Excel, Figure 4.
Figure 4 Diagram from ELPLA-Section in MS Excel

3.2.3
"Copy" command
By "Copy" command, the current drawing can be copied in Metafile-Format to Clipboard. Then it can
be inserted directly to other Windows programs such as Word and AutoCAD, Figure 5.
Method (6) (Layered soil model)
Modulus of Compressibility (Iteration)
18.00
16.00
Y = 15.01 [m]
14.00
3.5
0
8
3.2
3.61 [cm]
3.06
12.00
3.39 [cm]
2.84
3.17 [cm]
3.0
6
10.00
2.73 [cm]
3.28
2.62
2.95 [cm]
2.40
4
2.8
2.51 [cm]
3.28
2.62
8.00
2.29 [cm]
2.6
2
1.96
6.00
0
2.4
4
1.7
1.30
1.41 [cm]
1.52
1.63 [cm]
8
2.1
1.19 [cm]
2.84
1.85 [cm]
B = 13.98 [m]
3.06
2.07 [cm]
4.00
1.9
6
2.4
0
4
1.7
1.52
0.97 [cm]
0
1.3
2.00
0
1.3
0.00
-2.00
-4.00
-4.00
-2.00
0.00
2.00
Settlements [cm]
Max. s = 3.76 at node 211, Min. s = 0.86 at node 9
GEOTEC Sof tw are Inc

Scale 1:127.9147
Title: Analysis of irregular raft on irregular subsoil
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
Figure 5 Drawing can be copied directly from ELPLA
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
ELPLA 10
3.2.4 "Send to ELPLA-Section" command
By "Send to ELPLA-Section" command, it is possible, to define a diagram (Section) in ELPLA Drawing and draw it
as ELPLA Section as shown in the following figures.
Figure 6 Send to ELPLA-Section dialog box
Figure 7 Choosing section location Dialog Box
ELPLA 10
Figure 8 Defining section by Mouse
ELPLA 10
Figure 9 Showing data in ELPLA-Section

3.2.5 "Make WMF-File" command
By "Make WMF-File" command, the drawing can be saved in Windows Metafile (WMF) format that can be
read by other programs. This feature allows you to include your drawing in reports and presentations and to
enhance the drawing using other drawing or CAD software packages.
3.3
"Print" Menu
Print menu has the following commands
3.3.1 "Print" command

By "Print" command, data and results can be graphically plotted or printed. Only the objects currently
displayed on the drawing are printed. Figure 10 shows "Print" Dialog box. The printer group box contains
controls for selecting the printer and changing its properties. Use "Name" Combo box to select the printer and
use "Properties" Button to set printer settings. The number of printing copies can be defined in "Copies" Input
box.
ELPLA 10
Figure 10 "Print" Dialog box

3.3.2 "Print Preview" command
Use Print Preview to review printing before sending data to printer.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 11 Print Preview Tab

3.3.3 "Page setup" command
By "Page setup" command, the standard "Page setup" Dialog box can be displayed with options to specify the
printer, page orientation, paper size and paper source, as well as other printing options. Figure 12 shows "Page
setup" Dialog box.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 12 "Page setup" Dialog box

3.3.4
"Quick Print" command
Use Quick Print command to send drawing directly to the printer using the default printer setting.
Figure 13 Sending the drawings to printer using Quick Print

3.4
Help Menu
Help menu has the following commands.
Figure 14 Help menu commands

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ELPLA 10
3.4.1 "About ELPLA" command
Clicking the command "About Data Tab" displays the information form of Data Tab as shown in Figure C-52,
which gives information about Data Tab and the calculation method of the loaded project.
Figure 15 Information form of program Data Tab
3.4.2 Tutorial Command

User can use Tutorial Command to get access to the tutorial examples which taking the user step by step
through some simple examples. These examples will help the user to become familiar with the most important
functions of ELPLA.
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Figure 16 Tutorial examples

3.4.3 Verification Examples Command
User can use Verification Examples Command to get access to the verification examples that can be used to
verify the mathematical models used in program ELPLA by comparing ELPLA results with closed form or other
published results. Verification examples can be used also to illustrate how to use ELPLA for analyzing
foundation by different subsoil models.
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Figure 17 Verification Examples

3.4.4 "Users Guide " command
The "Users Guide" command displays a help file in HTML-Format containing the complete ELPLA Users Guide.
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Figure 18 Menu "Users Guide"

3.5
Graphic- Options Command Group
The Options command group in Graphic Tab has the following commands:
Figure 19 Graphic- Options Command Group

3.5.1 "Scale" command
By "Scale" command, the scale factor of the drawing can be defined as shown in Figure 20. The defaulted value
for the scale factor is chosen to pass the active printer-paper format. In graphical drawing in the plan, the scale
is changed to scale factor, "scale factor" = "scale 1: ".
Figure 20 "Scale" Dialog box

3.5.2 "Set range" command
By "Set range" command, the area of the slab, that will be drawn, can be defined. In the Dialog box shown in
Figure 21, define ranges, which bound this slab area.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 21 "Set range" Dialog box

3.5.3 "Axes" command
By "Axes" command, scaled axes can be defined on the drawing, Figure 22 and Figure 23.
Figure 22 "Axes" Dialog box for drawings in plan
Figure 23 "Axes" Dialog box for sectional drawing

3.5.4 "Title" command
By "Title" command, the text data (two lines text above the drawing and two lines text under the drawing) can
be defined, Figure 24.
Default texts are:
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-
A-Title1:
A-Title2:
U-Title1:
U-Title2:
Method No.
Name of method
Name of drawing
No. of nod columns and nod rows that define the drawing
Figure 24 "Title" Dialog box

3.5.5 "Page No." command
By "Page No." command, the page No. can be defined, Figure 25.
Figure 25 "Page No." Dialog box

3.6
Data- Options Command Group
The Options command group in input data Tabs has the following commands:
Figure 26 Data- Options Command Group

3.6.1 "View Grouping" command
Draw a group of data with results or a group of data together in one presentation (contour lines of settlements
with loads and slab thickness, or loads with boring locations), Figure 27.
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Figure 27 Presentation of a group of data with results

3.6.2 "Cartesian Grid" command
The Dialog box in Figure 28 appears to define a Cartesian grid, which is a background grid of points to assist in
drawing the finite element mesh. These points can be 'Snapped to' when creating the mesh geometry in order
to create nodes and elements with exact coordinates.
Figure 28 "Cartesian grid" Dialog box

3.7
Window Command Group
The Window menu has the following commands:
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Figure 29 Window command group

3.7.1 "Zoom in" command
By "Zoom in" command, the size of the drawing on the screen can be reduced.
3.7.2 "Zoom out" command
By "Zoom out" command, the size of the drawing on the screen can be increased.
3.7.3 "Zoom window" command
By "Zoom window" command, the size of the drawing on a specified area can be increased.
3.7.4 "Zoom %" dropdown menu
In "Zoom %" dropdown menu, the size of drawing on the screen can be specified. Choosing "Zoom %" allows
you to increase or decrease the size at which the drawing is displayed. Choosing 100% displays the drawing at
its original size. Clicking on the percentage, changes the drawing size to the specified percentage. The drawing
can be displayed at any size by typing the desired percentage in the specified Edit box.
3.7.5 "Original size" command
The commands "Zoom in", "Zoom out" and "Zoom %" can change the size of drawing on the screen. The
drawing can be displayed in its original size again using "Original size" command.
3.7.6 "Viewing angle" command
The perspective drawing in a three dimensional view can be defined, Figure 30.
The default viewing angle for isometric drawing, Figure 30:
Viewing angle about x-Axis
Viewing angle about y-Axis
Viewing angle about z-Axis
= 295
=0
= 20
The default viewing angle for drawing in the plans:

Viewing angle about x-Axis
Viewing angle about y-Axis
Viewing angle about z-Axis
20
=0
=0
=0
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Figure 30 "Viewing angle" Dialog box
Figure 31 Contour lines of settlements with viewing angles 295, 0, and 20 about the x-, y-, and z-axes,
respectively
3.7.7 "Redraw" command
This command is used to redraw and refresh the current drawing.
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3.8
Other feature commands
3.8.1
"Select Nodes" command

The function of "Select Nodes" command is to provide a method for editing node related data such
as deletieng nodes, add/remove node springs, boundary conditions, etc. When "Select nodes"
command is chosen, the cursor will change from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired nodes are
selected by clicking on each node individually or selecting a group of nodes as shown in Figure 32.
A group of nodes can be selected by holding the left mouse button down at the corner of the
region and dragging the mouse until a rectangle encompasses the desired group of nodes. When the left
mouse button is released, all nodes in the rectangle are selected.
Figure 32 Select nodes

3.8.2 "Undo" command
This command is used to undo the effects of a selected command and return to a previous state.
3.8.3 "Redo" command
This command is used to redo the last action of "Undo" command.
3.8.4
"Close" command
This command is used to close the current Tab.
3.8.5
Exit" command
By the "Exit" command, the current project is closed and ELPLA Program is quitted.
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Figure 33 "Exit" Message box

In case of one of the project data is not defined, the following Message box in Figure 34 appears. This dialog
box shows the project data that are not defined. These data are important for the analysis.
Figure 34 "Close project" Message box

3.8.6 Recent Projects" command
By the "Recent Projects" command, the user can open one of the last loaded projects.
ELPLA Button (File Menu)
Figure 35 ELPLA Button (File Menu)
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4.1
"New Project" command
By the "New Project" command, the current project is closed, if one is loaded, and a new project is initialized
for starting a new problem definition. After clicking this command, the following Wizard assistance in Figure 36
appears. This wizard will help the user to define the analysis type and the calculation method of the problem
through a series of forms. The first form of "Calculation methods" Wizard is the "Analysis type" Form.
Figure 36
"Analysis type" Form
ELPLA is used to analyze not only isolated raft but also slab floor, grid, plane frame, plane stress and system of
rafts. In the "Analysis Type" Dialog box (Figure 36) choose one of the available analyses. Check Section 5.1 for
more information about ELPLA analysis methods.
4.2
Open Project" command
By the "Open Project" command, the current project is closed, if one is loaded, and an existing project is
opened. Figure 37 shows the "Open" Dialog box used to open a specified project. Because ELPLA is used to
analyze an isolated raft and system of rafts, ELPLA can read two types of filenames. One has the extension
PO1, which represents the isolated raft and the other has the extension PO2, which represents the system of
rafts.
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Figure 37
"Open Project" Dialog box
In case of one of the data files is not found, the following Message box appears to show the project data that
are not found. These data are important for the analysis.
Figure 38
4.3
"Open Project" Message box
Save Project As" command
Saves the current project under a new file name. Figure 39 shows the "Save as" Dialog box used to save the
project.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 39
4.4
"Save As" Dialog box
File list" command
By the "File list" command, the user can delete, compress or extract projects, intermediate results, final results
or print file lists of projects (Figure 40). It is possible to sort ELPLA-files according to project identification data
(file name, title, date and project).
Figure 40
26
"ELPLA File list" Dialog box
ELPLA 10
When user chooses to delete a project, a Message box will appear (Figure 41). Not only all project data can be
deleted but also intermediate or final results can be separately deleted.
Note
Deleted files by ELPLA go to the recycled pin.
Figure 41
4.5
"Delete Project" Message box
"Combination of many projects" command
Combination Projects is not supported in this version yet

The extreme values of calculated results (settlements, contact pressures, deformation, internal forces,
modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) of many projects can be drawn.
For determining results as extreme values or drawing results of many projects in a diagram, project names and
their comments are required.
When the command is chosen, the input Dialog box shown in Figure F-3 appears. In this input Dialog box the
project name and its identification can be defined.
Figure 42 "Combination of many projects" input Dialog box

An overview of Data Tab
Data Tab is used to define FE-Net, calculation methods, boundary conditions, soil properties, slab properties,
project identification, boring fields, etc. for a new problem. The Tab may also be used to modify the data of a
problem that already exists.
The input project data can be defined through Data Tab in the following steps:
27
Calculation methods
Project identification
FE-Net data
Girders
Spring supports
Supports/ Boundary conditions
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-
Piles
Soil properties
Net of soil elements in z-direction
Limit depth
Foundation (or slab) properties
Reinforcement
Boring fields
Loads
Neighboring foundations
Temperature change
Additional settlements
Figure 43 Data Tab
5.1
"Calculation methods" command
By this command, the analysis method of the project is defined. When choosing the "Calculation method"
command, the "Calculation methods" Wizard in Figure 44 appears with the "Analysis type" Form. In this Form
define the analysis type of the problem from different structural systems that are available in ELPLA. After
selecting the structural system, click "Next" button to go to the next step.
Figure 44 Calculation Methods

Calculation methods for an isolated slab foundation
Nine different numerical calculation methods are considered for the analysis of rafts according to Figure 45.
Choose one of the methods No. 1 to 9.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 45 "Calculation methods" Dialog box

Determination of modulus of subgrade reactions
In ELPLA, it is possible to analyze the raft by modulus of subgrade reaction method in which the modulus can
be determined by three ways:
a) Modulus is defined by the user
b) Modulus is calculated from Half-space
c) Modulus is calculated from soil layers
In item a), the user can define a constant modulus for the entire raft (Method 2) or a variable modulus at
nodes (Method 3).
In items b) and c) the modulus is calculated through the settlement calculation of the soil depending on boring
logs and soil properties.
By the modulus of subgrade reaction method, specify the way for determining the modulus of subgrade
reaction by selecting one of the available three options in Figure 45.
System symmetry
The next step is to define the "System symmetry", Figure 46. In this step, select system symmetry and click
"Next" button to go to the next step.
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Figure 46 "System Symmetry" Form

By using the system symmetry, if the problem is symmetrical in loading, shape and soil about x- or y-axis, the
computational time and computer storage can be considerably reduced.
By defining the project data for simple symmetrical or antisymmetrical slab system, the data are defined
according to Figure 47, in which only the lower half slab is considered for symmetry about x-axis while only the
left half slab is considered for symmetry about y-axis.
y
P1
y
P2
P1
P1
x
P1
P2
a)
Figure 47 Simple symmetrical slab system
x
P2
P2
b)
By defining the project data for double symmetrical slab system, the data are defined according to Figure 48.
Only the left lower quarter of the slab is considered.
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ELPLA 10
y
P1
P1
x
P1
P1
Figure 48 Double symmetrical loaded slab

If the slab is symmetrical in shape and unsymmetrical in loading, it is also possible to divide this general case of
loading into two cases having symmetrical and antisymmetrical loading, Figure 49.
Loading (P)
y
P1
P2
P3
P4
Loading case (A)

y
0.5(P1 - P3)
0.5(P1 + P3) 0.5(P2 + P4)
0.5(P2 - P4)
General case of loading
Loading case (B)

y
-0.5(P1 - P3) -0.5(P2 - P4)
0.5(P1 + P3) 0.5(P2 + P4)
symmtrical case of loading (A)

about the x-axis
antisymmtrical case of loading (B)

in direction of the x-axis
Figure 49 General case of loading by symmetrical and antisymmetrical loading

The symmetrical cases are available for all calculation methods 1 to 9. The antisymmetrical case is only
possible for calculation methods 4 to 8.
Options
Some options are available in ELPLA such as concrete design of sections, additional springs, supports, girders
and piles, determining the limit depth, nonlinear subsoil model, determining displacements, stresses and
strains and in soil. Also, ELPLA can study some external influences on the raft such as temperature change,
additional settlements or neighboring foundations. In the menu of Figure C-15 check the options that you want
to consider in the analysis.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 50 "Options" Check box

5.1.1 Analysis of system of many slab foundations
In the "Analysis type" Form (Figure 44), if the option "Analysis of system of many slab foundations" is chosen,
the following Dialog box in Figure 51 appears. Three different numerical calculation methods are considered
for the analysis of system of slab foundations, flexible, elastic or rigid. For the analysis of system of many slab
foundations, the project filenames (slab foundations) are required.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 51 "Analysis of system of many slab foundations" Dialog box

Analysis of a slab floor, plane frame or plane stress
By choosing the analysis of a slab floor, plane frame or plane stress only the "System symmetry" Form and
"Options" Check box will appear.
5.1.2 Analysis of plane stress
Besides the four different analyses available in the program ELPLA to analyze isolated raft, system of rafts, slab
floors and grid, a new two analyses: Analysis of plane frame and plane stress are added (Figure 52 and Figure
53).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 52 Analysis of plane stress

5.1.3 Two-Dimensional Frame Problems
The analysis of Two-Dimensional frame problems is now available in ELPLA ( Figure 53). This section describes
the frame modeling used for analysis this type of problems. It is recommended to read this section and to
understand the procedures used by the program before starting to create any practical problem analysis.
Figure 53 Analysis of plane frame
5.1.4 Coordinate Systems

There are two different coordinates for Two-Dimensional frame problems; global coordinate system and local
coordinate system (0Figure 54). Each of these coordinate systems is used to describe certain data such as the
location of nodes or the direction of loads, displacements, internal forces and reactions. Understanding these
different coordinate systems is essential for the user to define correctly the problem.
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ELPLA 10
y
y'
x'
Local coordinate
x
Figure 54 System Coordinates
5.1.5 Element Loads
As shown in 0Figure 55, ELPLA uses a different vertical direction for defining loads. The positive value of load
means that it is a downward load. Nodal loads are applied on global coordinates while element loads are
applied in three different cases as follow:
a.
b.
c.
Self weight: A vertical uniform load distributed along the length of the element.
Snow load: A vertical uniform load distributed along the horizontal projection of the element.
Wind load: A uniform load distributed along the length of the element with a direction perpendicular
to the element (local x` axis).
Load coordinate
x
P [kN/m]
G [kN/m]
x'
W [kN/m]
y'
i
i
a) Self weight
i
c) Wind load
b) Snow load
V [kN]
j
H [kN]
M [kN.m]
j
RH [kN]
i
RM [kN.m]
i
d) Nodal loads
RV [kN]
Figure 55 Cases of element loads, nodal loads and nodal reactions with directions
35
e) Nodal Reactions
ELPLA 10
5.1.6 Graphical output
The graphical output of results such as displacements, rotations and internal forces (bending moments, shear
forces and normal forces) are drawn in locale coordinate.
5.2
"Project identification" command
By the "Project identification" command, the information to identify the problem can be specified, Figure 56.
This information is required for printing and plotting the data and results. The date can be defined from the
computer calendar, Figure 57.
Figure 56 "Project identification" Dialog box
Figure 57 Input Date information
"FE-Net data" Tab
"FE-Net data" Tab commands are used to define the net of the finite elements. When the "FE-Net data"
command is chosen, the following Tab appears (Figure 58).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 58 "FE-Net Tab view

The following paragraph presents and describes the Tab main commands.
6.1.1 File Menu - "New FE-Net" command
Different element types are developed to generate the FE-Net of the slab according to Grid-based approach
for both triangular and rectangular elements and according to Delaunays triangular generation for triangular
elements.
A new FE-Net is created. When choosing the File - New command and the following templates for different
types of FE-Net appear (Figure 59). Using these templates, FE-Net can be generated according the following
features:
-
Generating the FE-Net for square, rectangular and irregular slabs using 6 different types of nets,
Figure 60.
Generating the FE-Net for circular and ring slabs using 9 different types of nets,
Figure 61.
Generating an irregular slab with openings and arc boundaries using a refine mesh, Figure 62.
It is possible to use combined rectangular, quadratic and triangular finite elements at the same
time for the slab, Figure 63.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 59 Templates for different types of FE-Net
Figure 60 Generation type for square, rectangular and irregular slabs
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Figure 61 Generation type for circular and ring slabs
Figure 62 Irregular slab with triangular finite elements
Figure 63 Irregular slab with combined rectangular, quadratic and triangular finite elements
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ELPLA 10
6.2
Graphically Command Group
6.2.1 "Remove Nodes" command

"Remove nodes" command is used to remove the selected nodes. Any
elements bonded the deleted nodes are also deleted (Figure 64 and
Figure 65).
Figure 64 Select nodes to be removed
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ELPLA 10
Figure 65 Selected nodes were removed

6.2.2 "Add Nodes" command
By the "Add Nodes" command, nodes can be added at anywhere to the FE-Net. Clicking by Mouse inside the
required element adds a new node inside the element (Figure 66).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 66 Selected nodes were added

6.2.3 "Slab Corners" command
In ELPLA, there are two alternatives to define slab corners either by Mouse or by editing in a table. "Slab
Corners" Command is used to define corners of irregular slab by Mouse. The coordinates of corner positions (x,
y) are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab. Corners are set as a polyline, which is a
connected sequence of lines or arc segments created as a single object.
To draw a slab polyline containing a line and arc combination by Mouse (Figure 70):
42
Choose the "Slab Corners" Command from the "Graphically" command group. The cursor will change
from an arrow to a cross hair
Click the left mouse button on the position of the start point of the first line segment and drag the
mouse until the position of the end point of this segment. Then click on the end point position to
consider the first line segment (Figure 67)
Press "A" key to switch to arc segment mode. The first point of the arc is the endpoint of the previous
segment. As you drag the mouse, ELPLA draws an arc connected to the previous line segment and
extended to the mouse position, Figure 68. For drawing the arc segment the rotation direction and
the radius of the arc segment is required. There are four cases concerning the rotation direction and
the radius as shown in Figure 69. Two of these cases are related to the position of the arc center
relative to the line connected the arc points (Figure 69a). The other two cases are related to the
direction of the arc rotation starting from the first point of the arc to the second point, Figure 69b.
The arc can be drawn clockwise or anticlockwise
Press "R" key to switch between the two possibilities of the arc center position
Press "C" key to switch between the arc clockwise and anticlockwise directions
ELPLA 10
-
Click the left mouse button on the position of the end point of the arc to consider the arc segment
Press "A" key again to switch to line segment mode
Repeat the previous steps for drawing arc or line segment whenever is applicable until finishing the
polyline
Double click the left mouse button on the position of the endpoint of the last segment to finish the
"Slab Corners", Figure 70.
Figure 67 Drawing the first line segment
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ELPLA 10
Figure 68 Drawing the arc segment
Arc 1
Arc 2
C1
C2
a) Two center positions

Figure 69 Four cases for drawing arc segments
44
Arc 3
Arc 4
b) Two rotation directions
ELPLA 10
Figure 70 Slab after defining corner points

6.2.4 "Add Opening" command
To define an opening in the slab (Figure 71), the position (x, y) of the opening corners must be entered by
Mouse. The coordinates of corner positions (x, y) are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding
mesh. To draw an opening with arc segments, consider the same steps in drawing slab corners with arc
segments.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 71 Defining opening corners in the slab by Mouse

6.2.5 "Add reference points" command
It is possible to define reference points on the slab by Mouse, Figure 72. Reference points are used to define
the positions of boundary points such as supports, springs, piles on the slab. Each time the user generates the
mesh, nodes of the FE-Net are passed automatically through these references (Figure 73). This provides the
flexibility to make changes in the finite element mesh without having to redefine the positions of the boundary
points.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 72 Add reference points before generating FE-Net
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ELPLA 10
Figure 73 Reference points on the FE-Net

6.2.6 "Add reference lines" command
By the option "Add reference lines", it is possible to define reference lines on the slab by Mouse, Figure 74.
Reference lines are used to define the positions of boundary lines such as girders on the slab. Each time the
user generates the mesh, nodes of the FE-Net are passed automatically through these references (Figure 75).
This provides the flexibility to make changes in the finite element mesh without having to redefine the
positions of the boundary lines.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 74 Add reference lines before generating FE-Net
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ELPLA 10
Figure 75 Reference lines on the FE-Net

6.3
6.3.1
FENet Generation Menu

"Generation type" command
By the option "Generation type," the following Menu in Figure 76 appears to define the type of
FE-Net. There are 6 different element types to generate the FE-Net of the slab. The generation
is carried out according to Grid-based approach for both triangular and rectangular elements
and according to Delaunays triangular generation for triangular elements.
Figure 76 Generation type for square, rectangular and irregular slabs

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ELPLA 10
When generating circular and ring slabs for the first time, the Menu of Figure C-33 appears with 8 different
types of nets.
Figure 77 Generation type for circular and ring slabs

6.3.2 "New generation" command
When FE-Net is defined, a new generation with new dimensions of elements or even slab can be carried out
using "New generation" command.
6.3.3 "Generating FE-Net" command
After defining the slab corners, element dimensions and type of FE-Net the generation of the FE-Net can be
created automatically by choosing the option "Generating FE-Net".
6.3.4 "Smoothing the mesh" command
By the option "Smoothing the mesh" it is possible to optimize the dimension of FE-Net by making all elements
having nearly the same area as possible as.
6.3.5 "Directing border elements" command
It is possible to direct and arrange all elements on the slab borders (Figure 78). This option is useful to present
contact pressures at raft edges in good manner when analyzing the raft by Continuum model, in which the
contact pressure at raft edges are higher than that at the middle.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 78 Directing border elements

6.3.6 "Refining the mesh" command
It is possible to refine the mesh in a specified region such as around supports, springs and piles to present the
concentration of stress, moment and settlement in this region (Figure 79).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 79 Refining the mesh around a specified node

6.4
In Table Command Group
6.4.1 "Slab corners" command

By the option "Slab corners" the position (x, y) of the slab
corners can be defined (Figure 80). The coordinates of corner
positions (x, y) are related to the left bottom corner of the
corresponding slab.
Figure 80 Defining slab corners in a table

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ELPLA 10
6.4.2 "Opening corners" command

Openings in the slab can be defined using the Form shown in Figure 81. The coordinates of corner positions (x,
y) are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding mesh.
Figure 81 Defining opening corners in a table

6.4.3 "Reference points" command
It is possible to define reference points on the slab in Table, Figure 82. Reference points are used to define the
positions of boundary points such as supports, springs, piles on the slab. Each time the user generates the
mesh, nodes of the FE-Net are passed automatically through these references. This provides the flexibility to
make changes in the finite element mesh without having to redefine the positions of the boundary points.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 82 Defining reference points in Table

6.4.4 "Reference lines" command
By the option "Reference lines," it is possible to define reference lines on the slab in Table, Figure 83.
Reference lines are used to define the positions of boundary lines such as girders on the slab. Each time that
the user generates the mesh, nodes of the FE-Net are passed automatically through these references. This
provides the flexibility to make changes in the finite element mesh without having to redefine the positions of
the boundary lines.
Figure 83 Defining reference lines in a table
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ELPLA 10
6.4.5 "Node coordinates" command

After choosing the option "Node coordinates," the following Table in Figure 84 appears to define node
coordinates of FE-Net.
Figure 84 Table "Node coordinate"

6.4.6 "Connectivity nodes" command
After choosing this option, the following Table in Figure 85 appears to define connectivity nodes of the
elements.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 85 Table "Net of finite elements"

6.5
Important notes
Element size
Sometimes edge moments M 0 appear on the slab, this means the element sizes are not optimal for the
analysis. Therefore, if the moments of the slab are required, the length or width of the elements must be no
longer than three times of slab thickness. Furthermore, the size of the middle element must be not more than
three times the size of neighboring elements.
Change or modification of FE-Net
If the FE-Net of the slab is changed or modified for a new analysis, the input data of girders, boundary
conditions, spring supports, slab properties, boring fields, etc. must be renewed. When closing a modified FENet, a Dialog box will appear (Figure 86). This Dialog box shows the data that are set outside the FE-Net. To
select the data to fix, check the boxes of these data.
Figure 86 Select the data to fix Dialog box

6.5.1 Generating Circular Slab with Curved Element
A new template for generating second-order curved elements, Figure 87, is now available for circular slab. As
shown in Figure 88, the new mesh refinement provides a better distribution of the results around the center of
the circle, which reduces the local error in the elements around the center.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 87 Circular slab with curved elements
Figure 88 Contour distribution for curved elements to the left and old elements to the right
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ELPLA 10
"Girders" command
In ELPLA, beam elements are considered to represent the girder action in the slab. When the "Girders"
command is chosen, the following Tab appears, Figure 89.
Figure 89 "Girders Tab view

7.1
7.1.1 "Remove girders" command

When "Remove girders" command is chosen, the cursor
is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired
girder is deleted by double clicking on it.
7.1.2 "Add girders" command
"Add girders" command is used to define and add a new
girder. To add a girder, click the left mouse button on the start node of the girder and drag the mouse until the
end node of the girder, and then click on the end node.
7.1.3 "Edit girders" command
The main function of "Edit girders" command is to provide a method for redefining girders. When "Edit
girders" command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired girder is
redefined by double clicking on it. Then, the following Dialog box of Figure 90 appears.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 90 "Girder elements" Dialog box

7.2
In ELPLA, there are two alternatives to define girders on the slab, graphically or numerically (in a table). The
menu "In table" contains the following commands:
-
Girder groups
Girders
7.2.1 "Girder groups" command

When "Girder groups" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 91 appears first to choose the
option of cross section definition.
Figure 91 "Cross section definition" Dialog box

In the "Cross section definition" Dialog box, choose the option to define the girder cross section. The three
alternatives to define the girder groups are:
-
60
Rectangular cross sections (Figure 92)

General cross sections (Figure 93)
T/L-Girders (Figure 94)
ELPLA 10
Figure 92 "Defining girder groups Rectangular cross section" Dialog box
Figure 93 "Defining girder groups General cross section" Dialog box
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Figure 94 "Defining girder groups T/L-Girder" Dialog box

In the Dialog boxes of Figure 92 and Figure 93, E-Modulus, G-Modulus, girder section and girder weight for
each group are required to define. Girder group is defined as a group of beam elements that have the same
properties.
In the Dialog box of Figure 94, the stiffness of girders that have T/L-section can be simulated in the slab by
using additional beam elements. The stiffness of the girder can be obtained through a replacement beam
arranged in the center plan of the slab. The dimensions of the replacement beam can be taken as in DIN 1075
or EC 2.
7.2.2 "Girders" command
Girder as beam element is defined through start and end nodes where the girder starts and ends (Figure 95).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 95 "Girders" Dialog box
"Spring Supports" command
By the "Spring Supports" command, elastic support or node stiffness on the slab is defined. When the
command is chosen, the following Tab appears (Figure 96).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 96 "Spring Supports Tab view

Treatment of spring supports
The following types of spring supports are possible:
-
Vertical spring kz
Rotational spring about x-direction ktx
Rotational spring about y-direction kty
Figure 96 shows some samples of spring supports that may be used in ELPLA.
8.1
8.1.1 "Remove spring supports" command

This command is used to make the selected nodes free
from spring supports.
8.1.2 "Add spring supports" command
It is used to define the stiffness for the selected nodes.
Any old spring supports of the selected nodes will be replaced by the new editing. When "Add spring supports"
command is chosen, the following Dialog box of Figure 97 appears to define springs and column type.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 97 "Add spring supports" Dialog box

8.2
8.2.1 "Column types" command

When the "Column types" command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 98 appears to define the column
dimensions. Column dimensions are required for design of the slab for punching shear.
Figure 98 Defining column dimensions

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ELPLA 10
8.2.2 "Spring supports" command

When this command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 99 appears. In this Table the elastic support is
described by spring stiffness.
Figure 99 Defining spring stiffness in a table
"Supports/ Boundary conditions" command
By this command, supports or boundary conditions on the slab are defined. When this command is chosen, the
following Tab appears (Figure 100).
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Support 2
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Support 3
Support 1
Support 4
Figure 100 "Supports/ Boundary conditions Tab view

Treatment of rigid or elastic supports
Rigid or elastic nodes may represent the point and line supports. The following types of supports or boundary
conditions are possible:
-
Elastic or rigid displacements w

Elastic or rigid rotations about x-direction x
Elastic or rigid rotations about y-direction y
Figure 100 shows some samples of supports and boundary conditions that may be used in ELPLA.
Illustrative example for point and line supports
The following example is used to describe point and line supports. The problem is an arbitrary slab foundation
with variable type of supports as shown in Figure 100. The supports are:
Support 1 is a line support in x-direction. All nodes are fixed against vertical displacement. No rotation
is permissible about y-axis and the rotation about x-axis is free.
Support 2 is a line support in y-direction. All nodes have w =2 [cm] vertical displacement. No rotation
is permissible about y-axis and the rotation about x-axis is x = 0.00005.
Support 3 is a point support. This point is fixed against vertical displacement and the rotations about
x- and y-axis are free.
-
Support 4 is a group of point supports (inclined line support). All nodes are fixed against vertical
displacement and the rotations about x- and y-axis are free.
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9.1
9.1.1 "Remove boundaries" command

"Remove boundaries" command is used to make the selected
nodes free from restraints.
9.1.2 "Add boundary" command
"Add boundary" command is used to define the restraints for
the selected nodes. Any old restraints of the selected nodes will be replaced by the new editing. When "Add
boundary" command is chosen, the following Dialog box of Figure 101 appears to define supports, boundary
conditions and column types.
Figure 101 Defining node restraints

The following input characters in the Dialog box of Figure 101 mean:
-
9.2
"0"
"F"
"0<or>0"
means rigid support

means free displacement or rotation
means the value of elastic support
This menu contains the following commands:

-
Column types
Node restraints

When this command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 102 appears to define the column dimensions.
Column dimensions are required for design of the slab for punching shear.
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9.2.2 "Node restraints" command
When the "Node restraints" command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 103 appears. In this Table,
define the node restraints and column types.
Figure 103 Defining node restraints in a table
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10 "Piles" command
By the "Piles" command, piles on the slab are defined. When the "Piles" command is chosen, the following Tab
appears (Figure 104).
Figure 104 "Piles Tab view

10.1 Graphically Command Group
10.1.1 "Remove piles" command
"Remove piles" command is used to make the selected nodes
free from piles.
10.1.2 "Add piles" command
"Add piles" command is used to add piles at the chosen nodes and to define the pile group No. for these piles.
Any old piles of the selected nodes will be replaced by the new editing. When "Add piles" command is chosen,
the following Dialog box of Figure 105 appears.
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Figure 105 "Add piles" Dialog box

10.2

-
Pile groups
Pile location and groups
Pile material
10.3 "Pile groups" command

In ELPLA, there are different calculation methods to analyze the raft on piles. Therefore, the pile groups for
each method are required to define according to the used soil model as described in the next paragraphs.
10.3.1 Pile groups for Simple Assumption Model
In this model, all forces acting on the raft will be transmitted linearly on the piles. When the "Pile groups"
command is chosen for this model, the following Table in Figure 106 appears to define the pile diameter. Pile
diameter is required for design of the slab for punching shear.
Figure 106 Defining pile groups for Simple Assumption Model

10.3.2 Pile groups for Winklers Model
For the two methods of Constant and Variable Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (methods 2 and 3), when the
modulus of subgrade reaction is required to be defined by the user, pile groups in this case will be the pile
diameter and the pile stiffness (Figure 107).
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Figure 107 Defining pile groups for Winklers Model

10.3.3 Pile groups for Isotropic Elastic Half-Space and Layered soil Models
When pile groups are required to be defined for one of these two soil models, the following Dialog box of
Figure 108 appears. The soil data around and under the pile are required to define. Soil data are used to
determine the pile stiffness due to the soil type by ELPLA.
Figure 108 Defining pile groups for Half-Space and Layered soil Models
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10.3.4 "Pile locations and groups" command

When this command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 109appears. In this Table, define the pile locations
and their groups. Pile group is a group that has the same dimension and soil properties.
Figure 109 Defining pile locations and groups in a table

10.3.5 "Pile material" command
When "Pile material" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 110 appears. In this dialog box, EModulus of the pile and the unit weight of the pile material are defined. Pile material are used to determine
the pile stiffness due to its material type.
Figure 110 "Defining element groups" Dialog box
11 "Soil properties" command

In ELPLA, there are nine different calculation methods with different subsoil models. Therefore, , the soil
properties for each method are required to define according to the used soil model as described in the next
paragraphs.
11.1 Soil properties for Simple Assumption Model
There is no interaction between the subsoil and the foundation for Simple Assumption model (Linear Contact
Pressure method - method 1). Therefore, , the soil data are not required in this method (only groundwater Gw
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and foundation level Tf are required). When soil properties are required to be defined for the calculation
methods 1 (Linear Contact Pressure method), the following Dialog box of Figure 111 appears.
If the water table is located above the foundation, the foundation will be exposed to an additional negative
pressure. In the Dialog box of Figure 111 define the groundwater depth under the ground surface Gw in order
to take the effect of groundwater pressure in the analysis.
Figure 111 "Soil properties" Dialog box (method 1)

11.2 Soil properties for Winklers Model
For the two methods of Constant and Variable Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (methods 2 and 3), when the
modulus of subgrade reaction is required to be defined by the user, soil properties in this case will be the
modulus of subgrade reaction ks besides its coordinates (x, y) in the global system and groundwater depth
under the ground surface Gw. If the nonlinear analysis is required, the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil q ult
must be defined (Figure 112).
Figure 112 "Soil properties" Dialog box (methods 2 and 3)

11.3 Soil properties for Isotropic Elastic Half-Space Model
When soil properties are required to be defined for the calculation method 2 (Modulus of subgrade reaction is
determined from Half-Space) and calculation method 5 (Isotropic Elastic Half-Space), the following Dialog box
appears.
In the Dialog box, define the settlement reduction factor , Poissons ratio of the soil s, groundwater depth
under the ground surface Gw and the modulus of compressibility of the soil Es. If the nonlinear analysis is
required, the angle of internal friction and the cohesion c of the soil must be defined.
Settlement reduction factor
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Based on experience, the real consolidation settlements are different from those calculated. Therefore, the
settlement s may be multiplied by a factor according to the German standard DIN 4019. According to the
German standard DIN 4019, the following reduction factors can be applied:
Sand and silt
Normally and slightly over consolidated clay
Heavily over consolidated clay
= 0.66
= 1.0
= 0.5-1.0
Figure 113 "Soil properties" Dialog box (methods 2 and 5)

Flexibility coefficients for interior nodes
For rigid and elastic rafts, it is convenient to determine the flexibility coefficient of interior node at the
characteristic point of the loaded area on that node. For flexible foundation, it is real to determine the
flexibility coefficient of interior node at that node.
It is possible to determine the flexibility coefficient of the interior node due to a uniform load at that node
(Figure 114Error! Reference source not found.):
- at the characteristic point of the loaded area, where rigid settlement is equal to flexible settlement
- at the midpoint of the loaded area, where maximum settlement occurs
- at the interior node on the loaded area
Flexibility coefficients for exterior nodes
Earlier version of ELPLA determines flexibility coefficients for both interior and exterior nodes by assuming
uniform loaded areas on these nodes. This assumption requires the principle of superposition for determining
the flexibility coefficients. Now it is possible, optionally to convert the loaded areas on exterior nodes to point
loads, Figure 114. By this way, the program does not follow the principle of superposition in the analysis,
making it much faster than the old analysis. The new method of analysis is consequently faster and more
efficient for problems that contain a large finite element mesh.
Limit distance
If the distance between two nodes is too large, the settlement of a node due to a load on the other will be
small enough to be neglected. To reduce the time required for determining the flexibility coefficients for great
rafts, a limit distance between node i and j for determining the flexibility coefficient c(i, j) may be defined.
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Figure 114 "Calculations parameters of flexibility coefficients" Dialog box (methods 2 and 5)
Bearing capacity factors
The bearing capacity factors used to determine the ultimate bearing capacity can optionally be defined
according to different codes and authors. These factors are required to carry out the nonlinear analysis of the
soil. The bearing capacity factors are defined according to (Figure 115):
o
o
o
o
o
German Standard
Euro Code
Egyptian code
Terzaghi
Meyerhof
DIN 1054
EC 7
ECP
Figure 115 "Bearing Capacity factors" Dialog box (methods 2 and 5)
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12 Soil properties for Layered soil Model

Layered soil model is used in the analysis of the calculation methods shown in Table 12-1. When soil properties
are required for one of the calculation methods shown in this Table, the following Soil Properties Tab View
appears (Figure 116).
Table 12-1 Numerical calculation methods (Layered soil model)
Method
No.
2
Method
Variable modulus of subgrade reaction

Winkler's model, Modulus of subgrade reaction is determined from soil layers
Modification of modulus of subgrade reaction by iteration

Winkler's model/ Continuum model
Modulus of compressibility method for elastic raft on layered soil medium

Solving system of linear equations by iteration,
Layered soil medium - Continuum model
Modulus of compressibility method for elastic raft on layered soil medium

Solving system of linear equations by elimination,
Modulus of compressibility method for rigid raft on layered soil medium,

Modulus of compressibility method for flexible foundation on layered soil medium, Layered soil
medium - Continuum model
77
Constant modulus of subgrade reaction

Winkler's model, Modulus of subgrade reaction is determined from soil layers
ELPLA 10
Figure 116 "Soil properties Tab view

It is also possible to define the boring logs graphically. This makes the definition of the boring
logs very easy. This option is used also for drawing the defined boring logs to control the input
soil data and parameters.
12.1.1 "List of boring logs" command
When "Drawing boring logs" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 117 appears. In this Dialog
box, choose the boring logs you want to draw then click "OK" Button. Then the boring logs appears as shown in
Figure 118 where user can edit the boring data.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 117 "List of boring logs" Dialog box
Figure 118 Boring logs on the screen

Note:
Insert/ Delete Boring commands are applied to the list of the selected boring logs to be drawn. For example, if
user chooses to delete boring log, the following dialog message in Figure 119 appears. If user chooses to delete
boring, this does not delete boring data, only boring log will not be drawn.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 119 Delete Broing from the list of boring logs

12.2 Data Command Group
The "Data" command group contains the following commands:
Soil Data
Main Soil Data
12.2.1 "Soil Data" command
When "Soil Data" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 120
appears.
Figure 120 "Soil Data" Dialog box

Elastic settlement and consolidation settlement can be determined using their actual properties, where the
soil properties of the individual layers are defined by:
-
Modulus of Compressibility Es (1/mv)

Modulus of Elasticity E
Compression Index Cc
This option enables ELPLA to analyze rafts on consolidated clay deposits by the different calculation methods
that are available in ELPLA. In addition, the user does not need to convert a soil parameter to other. When
defining soil properties by the Modulus of Elasticity E, the Poissons ratio s can be different for every layer.
The soil under the foundation may be defined by a number of boring logs. Each boring log has multi-layers with
different soil materials. The geotechnical data for each layer are unit weight of the soil s, modulus of
compressibility for loading Es (or Modulus of Elasticity E or Compression Index Cc) and for reloading Ws and
Poissons ratio of the soil s. If the nonlinear analysis is required, the angle of internal friction and the
cohesion c of the soil must be defined; in addition to the boring coordinates x, y in the global system and its
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ELPLA 10
label are required to define. In order to draw the soil layers by different symbols according to the German
specification code DIN 4023, define soil art and color.
Copy, Insert and Delete commands for both soil layer and boring log are available. Furthermore, boring logs
can be inserted from a file (Figure 121) by checking the option "From file".
Figure 121 Boring log can be inserted from a file

12.2.2 "Main soil data" command
Main soil data is the general data for all soil layers and boring logs. When "Main soil data" command is chosen,
the following Dialog box in Figure 122 appears. Check section 111.3 Soil properties for Isotropic Elastic HalfSpace Model to know more about required soil properties.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 122 "Main soil data" dialog box

12.2.3 Definition of boring logs graphically
By double-clicking the left mouse Button on a specified screen position, the user can also define soil data and
input parameters.
By double-clicking on the geotechnical data of a soil layer, the corresponding Dialog box to define the
geotechnical data of that layer appears, Figure 123
Figure 123 "Geotechnical data of the layer" Dialog box

-
By double-clicking on the layer level, the corresponding Dialog box to define the layer depth under
the ground surface appears, Figure 124.
Figure 124 "Layer depth under the ground surface" Dialog box
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ELPLA 10
-
By double-clicking on the soil symbol of a soil layer, the corresponding Dialog box to define the soil
symbols of that layer appears, Figure 125.
Figure 125 "Sand and rock symbols" Dialog box

-
By double-clicking on the groundwater level, the corresponding Dialog box to define the groundwater
depth under the ground surface appears, Figure 126.
Figure 126 "Groundwater" Dialog box

-
By double-clicking on the label of a boring log, the corresponding Text box to define the label of that
boring log appears, Figure 127.
Figure 127 "Label of the boring log" Text box
13 "Net of soil elements in z-direction" command

The number of elements and element sizes of the net of soil elements in z-direction are defined. This net is
required for determining displacements, stresses and strains in soil. When the command is chosen, the
following Dialog box of Figure 128 appears. In order to activate the option of variable element sizes in zdirection, the corresponding item must be unchecked.
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Figure 128 "Net of soil elements in z-direction" Dialog box
14 "Limit depth" command

It is found from experience that the number of layers under foundation depends on the limit depth Zg, where
no settlement occurs. The limit depth Zg is defined as the level of which the stress due to the foundation loads
reaches a standard ratio Cs of the initial vertical stress due to the self-weight of the soil layers. According to
the German Standard DIN 4019 part 1 the recommended standard value of Cs is 0.2.
By the "Limit depth" command, limit depth of the soil layers in a boring is defined. When the "Limit depth"
command is chosen, the following Dialog box of Figure 129 appears showing the available boring logs in the
project. To determine the limit depth of a boring log, check the box of that boring log.
Figure 129 "Limit depth" Dialog box
15 "Foundation (Slab) properties" command

When the "Foundation properties" command is chosen, the following Tab appears, Figure 130.
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Figure 130 "Foundation properties Tab view

15.1.1 "Select elements" command
The main function of the command is to provide a method to define the element properties. When the
command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired elements are selected by
selecting a group of elements or click by Mouse on each element individually. A group of elements can be
selected by holding the left mouse button down at the corner of the region and dragging the mouse until a
rectangle encompasses the desired group of elements. When the left mouse button is released, all elements in
the rectangle are selected.
15.1.2 "Element groups" command
When "Element groups" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 131 appears. In this Dialog box
define the group No.
Figure 131 Defining group No.
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15.2 In Table Command Group
The menu "In table" contains the following commands:
-
Element groups
Group regions
15.2.1 "Element groups" command

When "Element groups" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 132 appears. In this Dialog box,
E-Modulus of the slab, Poissons ratio of the slab and slab thickness are defined. Element group is a group that
has the same thickness and material.
Figure 132 "Defining element groups" Dialog box

15.2.2 "Group regions" command
There are two alternatives to define group regions graphically or numerically (in a table). If it is required to
define the group regions in a table, the user must choose "Group regions" command from In Table
Command Group. When "Group regions" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 133 appears.
Here the element groups of the elements are defined.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 133 "Group regions" Dialog box

15.3 Foundation (Slab) properties Command Group
The "Foundation properties" Command Group contains the following commands:
Unit weight of the foundation
Foundation depth
Origin coordinates
Foundation level from a fixed datum
15.3.1 "Unit weight of the foundation" command
When the command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 134 appears. To consider the self-weight of
the slab in the analysis, define the unit weight of the slab material.
Figure 134 "Unit weight of the foundation" Dialog box

15.3.2 "Foundation Depth" command
When "Foundation depth" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 135 appears.
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Figure 135 "Foundation depth" Dialog box

There are three different possibilities to define the slab thickness:
Slab thickness is constant for the entire slab. In this case, there is only one group, Figure 136.
Variable slab thickness with constant foundation level, Figure 137.
Variable slab thickness with variable foundation level, Figure 138.
Ground surface
d =1.00 m
Tf = 2.0 m
Figure 136 The slab thickness d is constant for the entire slab
Ground surface
1.00 m
Tf = 2.0 m
0.90
0.70
0.50
Figure 137 Variable slab thickness with constant foundation level

Ground surface
Tk = 1.5 m
1.00 m
0.90
0.70
0.50
Figure 138 Variable slab thickness with variable foundation level
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In the Dialog box of Figure 135, define the foundation depth under the ground surface Tf, if the foundation
level is constant or define the depth of the slab surface under the ground surface Tk, if the foundation level is
variable.
15.3.3 "Origin Coordinates" command
By analysis of a system of slab foundations or study the effect of neighboring foundations, every slab is defined
in a global system through the origin coordinates xo, yo and angle o between the x-axes of global and local
systems (Figure 139.
When "Origin Coordinates" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 140 appears. In this Dialog
box define the origin coordinates xo, yo and angle o between the x-axes of global and local systems.
Slab k
o.k
yo.k
Slab i
o.i
yo.i
xo.i
xo.k
Figure 139 Geometrical plan by studding the influence of slab k on the slab i
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Figure 140 "Origin coordinates" Dialog box

Note
-
In the analysis of an isolated slab without consideration of neighboring foundations, the origin
coordinates play no roles in the analysis.
Boring fields are generated based on foundation location. If origin coordinate is changed, you will
prompt as shown in Figure 141 to fix and update boring fields.
Figure 141 Fix boring fields dialog box

15.3.4 "Foundation level from a fixed datum" command
Sometimes, when determining the influence of the neighboring slabs or the interaction of a system of slabs,
the slabs are constructed with variable foundation levels, Figure 142. This can be considered through the
command "Foundation level from a fixed datum" as shown in Figure 143. In this case, the foundation levels of
the slabs must be related to a specified datum Hm.
Note
In the analysis of an isolated slab without consideration of neighboring foundations, the levels Hm play no roles
in the analysis.
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ELPLA 10
k
tfi
tfk
+Hmk Fixed datum
-Hmi
Stress due to
raft k
D
Stress due to raft i
hl
Figure 142 Influence of slab k on the slab i
Figure 143 "Foundation level from a fixed datum" Dialog box
16 "Reinforcement data" command

The design of the slab for flexure moment and punching shear can be carried out according to the design
codes EC 2, DIN 1045, ACI and ECP (working stress and limit state design methods). When "Reinforcement
data" command is chosen, the following Dialog box in Figure 144 appears. In this Dialog box, define design
code, concrete grade, steel grade and concrete covers.
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Figure 144 "Reinforcement" dialog box
17 "Boring fields" command

If the subsoil under the slab foundation is characterized by more than one boring, the variation in the subsoil
in the three directions must be taken into consideration according to ELPLA-Theory. By the "Boring fields"
command, the boring fields can be defined. It is also possible to define the boring fields graphically, which
makes the definition of the boring fields very easy, or numerically (in a table). When the "Boring fields"
command is chosen, the following Tab appears, Figure 145.
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Figure 145 "Boring fields Tab view

17.1.1 "Zone type I" command
Zone type I is defined as a triangular region; such a region is confined by three boring logs. The flexibility
coefficient or the modulus of subgrade reaction for a node that lies at a triangular region, can be obtained
through interpolation among the three values of the parameters of these three boring logs.
When "Zone type I" command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired
triangular region of Zone type I is selected by clicking on the three borings that confine it, Figure 146.
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Figure 146 Zone type I

17.1.2 "Zone type II" command
Zone type II is a region that is confined by one or more sides of the foundation and two borings. The flexibility
coefficient or the modulus of subgrade reaction for a node in this region may be obtained by assuming a linear
interpolation between the values of the parameters of these two boring logs.
When "Zone type II" command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. The desired
region of Zone type II is selected by clicking on the two borings that confine it, and then clicking on any point
inside that region, Figure 147.
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Figure 147 type II

17.1.3 "Zone type III" command
When "Zone type III" command is chosen, the following Dialog box of Figure 148 appears to define the boring
of the selected nodes.
Figure 148 "Definition of boring fields" Dialog box

Zone type I
Zone type II
Zone type III
17.2.1 "Zone type I" command
When the "Zone type I" command is chosen, the following Dialog box appears. In the Dialog box of Figure 149
each region of Zone type I is defined by the three borings that confine it.
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Figure 149 "Zone type I" Dialog box

17.2.2 "Zone type II" command
When the "Zone type II" command is chosen, the following Dialog box appears, Figure 150. In this Dialog box
each region of Zone type II is defined by the two borings that confine it as well as a corner of the foundation
lies inside it. The corner of the foundation can be described as follows:
-
96
Corner No. 1:
Corner No. 2:
Corner No. 3:
Corner No. 4:
bottom left corner of the foundation

bottom right corner of the foundation
top left corner of the foundation
top right corner of the foundation
ELPLA 10
Figure 150 "Zone type II" Dialog box

17.2.3 "Zone type III" command
When the "Zone type III" command is chosen, the following Dialog box appears. In the Dialog box of Figure 151
define the borings of nodes that are not considered in Zone type I or II.
Figure 151 "Zone type III" Dialog box
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17.3 Boring Fields Command Group
Using the Boring fields Menu allows the user to choose one of the three different possibilities to determine the
boring fields. This menu contains the following command:
-
Interpolation method
Subarea method
Hand-Division of boring logs to nodes
17.3.1 "Interpolation method" command

Interpolation method is an accurate one to determine the three-dimensional flexibility coefficient or variable
modulus of subgrade reaction for arbitrary foundation on irregular subsoil. The "Interpolation method"
command allows the user to define the interpolation zones I and II, and also Zone type III automatically. When
the "Interpolation method" command is chosen, the following Figure 152 appears.
Figure 152 Boring locations and region types by Interpolation method

17.3.2 "Subarea method" command
In the Subarea method the entire foundation area is divided into subareas. Each subarea is corresponding to
one of the boring logs. This method may be used if there is a little difference in soil properties of boring logs.
The "Subarea method" command allows the user to define the subareas automatically. When the command is
chosen, the following Figure 153 appears.
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Figure 153 Boring locations and subareas by Subarea method

17.3.3 Boring fields Menu"Hand-Division of boring logs to nodes" command
This command allows the user to define the zone types I, II, III graphically by using the commands of
Graphically Command Group or manually through In Table Command Group.
Numbering of borings
To determine the subareas or the interpolation zones automatically by ELPLA, the boring No. 1 must be always
a central position for the other borings, if the subsoil is characterized through more than three borings. Figure
154 to Figure 158 show five borings defining the subsoil under a raft. It can be carried out different
arrangements of interpolation zones using the above role. Another arrangement for the boring numbering
may cause some errors. In this case, the Hand-Division of the boring logs to the nodes by the user must be
used.
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ELPLA 10
B5
B4
B3
B1
B2
Figure 154 Division of interpolation zones (numbering of boring a)
B4
B3
B2
B5
B1
Figure 155 Division of interpolation zones (numbering of boring b)
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ELPLA 10
B3
B2
B1
B4
B5
Figure 156 Division of interpolation zones (numbering of boring c)
B2
B1
B5
B3
B4
Figure 157 Division of interpolation zones (numbering of boring d)
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ELPLA 10
B1
B5
B4
B2
B3
Figure 158 Division of interpolation zones (numbering of boring e)
18 "Loads" command
By the "Loads" command, the loads on the slab such as point loads, line loads, distributed loads or moments at
any position independently on the FE-Net are defined. When this command is chosen, the following Tab
appears, Figure 159.
Figure 159 "Loads Tab view

18.1.1 "Point loads" command
By the "Point loads" command, the vertical concentrated loads can be defined at any position (x, y). The
position of the load is independent on the FE-Net. When "Point loads" command is chosen, the cursor is
changed from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the load can be defined by clicking on the screen (slab). When
the screen is clicked, the following Dialog box of Figure 160 appears and the following data are required:
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ELPLA 10
Column type
Load value
Position of the load (x, y) in the local coordinates
Figure 160 "Point loads P" Dialog box

18.1.2 "Moments Mx" command
By this command the applied moment about x-axis can be defined at any position (x, y). The position of applied
moment is independent on the FE-Net. When the command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to
a cross hair. Then, the moment can be defined by clicking on the screen. When the screen is clicked, the
following Dialog box of Figure 161 appears and the following data are required:
-
103
Moment value
Position of the moment (x, y) in the local coordinates
ELPLA 10
Figure 161 "Moments Mx" Dialog box

18.1.3 "Moments My" command
By the "Moments My" command, the applied moment about y-axis can be defined at any position (x, y). The
position of applied moment is independent on the FE-Net. When "Moments My" command is chosen, the
cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the moment can be defined by clicking on the screen.
When the screen is clicked, the following Dialog box of Figure 162 appears and the following data are required:
-
104
Moment value
Position of the moment (x, y) in the local coordinates
ELPLA 10
Figure 162 "Moments My" Dialog box

18.1.4 "Line loads" command
By the "Line loads" command, the applied load per Meter can be defined at any position from point (x 1, y1) to
point (x2, y2). The position of the applied load is independent on the FE-Net. When "Line loads" command is
chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the line load can be defined by clicking on
the starting point of the line load. As the cursor is moved, a black line appears; indicating a line load is being
defined. When the ending point is clicked, the following Dialog box of Figure 163 appears and the following
data are required:
-
105
Values of start and end points of the load

Position of starting the line load (x1, y1) in the local coordinates
Position of ending the line load (x2, y2) in the local coordinates
ELPLA 10
Figure 163 "Line loads pl" Dialog box

18.1.5 "Line moments" command
By the "Line moments" command ,the applied moment can be defined at any position from point (x 1, y1) to
point (x2, y2). The position of the applied moment is independent on the FE-Net. When "Line moments"
command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the line moment can be
defined by clicking on the starting point of the line moment. As the cursor is moved, a black line appears;
indicating a line moment is being defined. When the ending point is clicked, the following Dialog box of Figure
164 appears and the following data are required:
-
106
Values of start and end points of the moment

Position of starting the line moment (x1, y1) in the local coordinates
Position of ending the line moment (x2, y2) in the local coordinates
ELPLA 10
Figure 164 "Line moments Ml" Dialog box

18.1.6 "Distributed loads (Polygon)" command
By this command, the applied load per Meter square can be defined for a polygon load. The position of the
applied load is independent on the FE-Net. When this command is chosen, the cursor is changed from an
arrow to a cross hair. To define a polygon load, click the polygon corners by Mouse to define the polygon.
When double-click by Mouse on the last corner of the polygon, the following Dialog box of Figure 165 appears
and the following data are required:
-
107
Load intensity at corners

Corners position of the polygon
ELPLA 10
Figure 165 "Distributed loads p" Dialog box

18.1.7 "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" command
By this command, the applied load per Meter square can be defined at any diagonal position (x 1, y1) to (x2, y2).
The position of the applied load is independent on the FE-Net. When "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" command
is chosen, the cursor is changed from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the load can be defined by holding the left
mouse button down at the starting point of the distributed load. As the mouse is dragged, a box appears,
indicating a distributed load is being defined. When the left mouse button is released, the following Dialog box
of Figure 166 appears and the following data are required:
-
108
Distributed load value

Position of the starting point (x1, y1) in the local coordinates
Position of the ending point (x2, y2) in the local coordinates
ELPLA 10
Figure 166 "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" Dialog box

18.1.8 "Remove loads" command
The main function of "Remove loads" command is to provide a method for deleting loads. When the command
is chosen, the cursor changes from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the desired loads can be removed by double
clicking on each load individually.
18.1.9 "Edit Loads" command
The main function of this command is to provide a method for redefine or editing loads. When "Edit loads"
command is chosen, the cursor changes from an arrow to a cross hair. Then, the desired loads can be selected
by double clicking on each load individually.
Note: If the snap to grid option in "Grid" Dialog box is checked, the cursor will snap to a grid point each time
the screen is clicked at a point.
-
109
Distributing the point load

Column type
Point loads
Moments Mx
Moments My
Line loads
Line moments
Distributed loads (Polygon)
Distributed loads (Rectangular)
ELPLA 10
18.2.1 "Distributing the point load" command
Point load never applied in realty. If a point load represents a column load on a mesh of refine finite elements,
the moment under the column will be higher than the real moment. To take the effect of the load distribution
through the slab thickness, the column load must be distributed outward at 45 [] from the column face until
reaching the center line of the slab. To convert the point load to an equivalent uniform load over an
appropriate area, check the Distribute column load check box in the Dialog box of Figure 167.
Figure 167 Distributing the column point load over an appropriate area
When the command is chosen, the following Table in Figure 168 appears to define the column dimensions.
Column dimensions are required for design of the slab for punching shear.
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18.2.3 "Point loads" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 169, the external point load P at the position (x, y) is defined. The coordinates for
the input load are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab (local coordinates).
Figure 169 "Point loads P" Dialog box

18.2.4 "Moments Mx" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 170, the external moment Mx at the position (x, y) is defined. The coordinates for
the input moment Mx are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab (local coordinates).
Figure 170 "Moments Mx" Dialog box

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ELPLA 10
18.2.5 "Moments My" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 171, the external moment My at the position (x, y) is defined. The coordinates for
the input moment My are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab (local coordinates).
Figure 171 "Moments My" Dialog box

18.2.6 "Line loads" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 172, the external line load pl from the position (x1, y1) to (x2, y2) is defined. The
coordinates for the input line load pl are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab (local
coordinates).
Figure 172 "Line loads pl" Dialog box
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18.2.7 "Line moments" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 173, the external line moment Ml from the position (x 1, y1) to (x2, y2) is defined. The
coordinates for the input line moment Ml are related to the left bottom corner of the corresponding slab (local
coordinates).
Figure 173 "Line moments Ml" Dialog box

18.2.8 "Distributed loads (Polygon)" command
When "Distributed loads (Polygon)" command is chosen, the Dialog box of Figure 165 appears to define load
intensity at corners and corners position of the polygon.
18.2.9 "Distributed loads (Rectangle)" command
In the Dialog box of Figure 174, the external distributed load p from the diagonal position (x 1, y1) to (x2, y2) is
defined. The coordinates for the input distributed load p are related to the left bottom corner of the
corresponding slab (local coordinates).
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ELPLA 10
Figure 174 "Distributed loads p" Dialog box

Note: If an element loaded area is overlap over another, the last input loaded area will be the valid one.
18.3 "Using Formula Command
This option is used to modify the load values through formula for existing load data. The option also may use
to modify the load positions through formula in order to control the eccentricities e x and ey, Figure 175.
Figure 175 "Load values using formula" Dialog box
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ELPLA 10
Line loads, moments and distributed loads may be also modified independently using formula in the dialog box
of Figure 175.
19 "Neighboring foundations" command

To take the effect of neighboring foundations on the slab, the filenames for projects of neighboring
foundations are required. In the Dialog box of Figure 176, the filenames for projects of neighboring
foundations can be defined.
Figure 176 "Neighboring foundations" Dialog box
20 "Temperature change" command

To take the effect of temperature change on the slab, the temperature difference Td and the coefficient of
thermal expansion of the slab material are required in Figure 177. Temperature difference Td occurs between
the upper and lower surface of the slab foundation. If Td is 0 that means no temperature effect will occur. A
positive Td means the temperature above the slab is greater than that under the slab. According to German
Standard DIN 1045, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the concrete slab = 0.00001 [1/C].
Figure 177 "Data of temperature change" Dialog box
21 "Additional settlements" command

By this command, additional settlements on the slab can be defined. It is also possible to define the additional
settlements graphically, which makes the definition of the additional settlements very easy, or numerically (in
a table). When the "Additional settlements" command is chosen, the following Tab appears (Figure 178).
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Figure 178 "Additional settlements Tab view

21.1.1 Remove additional settlements command
The command is used to make the selected nodes free from additional settlements.
21.1.2 "Add additional settlements" command
This command is used to define the settlement value for the selected nodes. Any old additional settlements of
the selected nodes will be replaced by the new editing. When this command is chosen, the following Dialog
box of Figure 179 appears to define the additional settlement.
Figure 179 "Add additional settlements" Dialog box
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21.2.1 "Additional settlements" command
When the "Additional settlements" command is chosen, the following Dialog box appears. In this Dialog box
(Figure 180) define the additional settlement si at node i.
Figure 180 Defining additional settlements in a table
22 Solver Tab
When project data were defined and stored, ELPLA can carry out many calculations and finally solve the
system of linear equations. The calculation steps, which are carried out by commands in Solver Tab, can be
listed as follows:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
117
Assembling the load vector

Preparing the calculation
Determining the ultimate bearing capacity
Determining the limit depth
Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction
Determining flexibility coefficients of piles
Determining flexibility coefficients of the soil
Determining flexibility coefficients for system of rafts
Assembling the soil stiffness matrix
Influence of neighboring foundations on settlements
Influence of the temperature change on raft
Influence of additional settlements on raft
Assembling the girder stiffness matrix
Assembling the slab stiffness matrix
Solving the system of linear equations
Iteration process
Analysis of the rigid raft
Analysis of the flexible foundation
Performing the nonlinear analysis
Performing the nonlinear analysis of piled raft foundation
Determining deformation, internal forces, contact pressures
Design of the slab
ELPLA 10
23
24
25
26
Determining displacements, stresses and strains in soil

Analysis of the plane frame
Analysis of the plane stress
Computation of all
All results are saved as ASCII-format in separate files and can Therefore, be read with any text editor. The file
format is straightforward so that an interface for any self-developed or commercial package can be easily
used.
Next paragraphs describe the purpose and function of each Solver Tab command.
Figure 181 Introduction screen of Solver Tab

22.1 Individual Calculations
The Individual Calculation list is the main list, which is used to carry out the problem analysis. The Calculation
List commands are:
-

Preparing the calculation
Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction
Determining flexibility coefficients of the soil
Solving the system of linear equations
Iteration process
Determining deformation, internal forces, contact pressures
Design of the slab
Analysis of the plane frame
Analysis of the plane stress
22.2 "Assembling the load vector" command

By "Assembling the load vector" command, the load vector is assembled for all calculation methods. When this
command is chosen, "Foundation properties" list box appears as shown in Figure 182.
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Figure 182 "Foundation properties" Dialog Box

Overburden pressure and groundwater pressure can be also displayed and edited. Clicking "Overburden
pressure" and "Groundwater pressure" Buttons can edit these pressures. Figure 183 shows the Dialog box that
appears when "Overburden pressure" Button is clicked. In this Dialog box the overburden pressure can be
edited.
Figure 183 "Overburden pressures" Dialog box
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ELPLA 10
22.3 "Preparing the calculation" command
By "Preparing the calculation" command, the optimization of bandwidth is carried out and the load vector is
assembled for plane frame and plane stress analyses.
22.4 "Determining the ultimate bearing capacity" command
By "Determining the ultimate bearing capacity" command, determining the ultimate bearing capacity is carried
out. When clicking this option, the program calculates the ultimate bearing capacity and the following menu in
Figure 184 appears. In this menu, the main ultimate bearing capacity qb of each boring is displayed. In the
menu of Figure 184 the ultimate bearing capacities of borings can be redefined, if desired. By clicking the
Button "OK", the main ultimate bearing capacities are considered. After that the program calculates the
ultimate bearing capacities qul at all nodes through interpolation or according to the subareas method
whenever is applicable (Figure 185). In the menu of Figure 185, the ultimate bearing capacities qul at nodes are
displayed and can be redefined, if desired.
Figure 184 Main ultimate bearing capacities of borings qb
Figure 185 Ultimate bearing capacities at nodes qul

22.5 "Determining the limit depth" command
By "Determining the limit depth" command, the limit depth for the soil layers is determined for layered soil
model.
22.6 "Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction" command
By "Determining the modulus of subgrade reaction" command, determining the modulus of subgrade reaction
is carried out for the following calculation methods:
-
Constant modulus of subgrade reaction (method 2)

Variable modulus of subgrade reaction (method 3)
The methods for determining the modulus of subgrade reaction are:
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ELPLA 10
-
Modulus is defined by the user

Modulus is calculated from isotropic elastic half-space soil medium
Modulus is calculated from layered soil medium
When clicking this option, the program calculates the modulus of subgrade reaction. Then the following menu
(Figure 186) appears. In this menu, the average modulus of subgrade reaction ksm of each borings is displayed.
In the menu of Figure 186 the average moduli of subgrade reactions for borings can be redefined, if desired. By
clicking the Button "OK", the average moduli of subgrade reactions are considered. After that, the program
calculates the moduli of subgrade reactions ks at all nodes through interpolation or according to the subareas
method, Figure 187. In the menu of Figure 187 the moduli of subgrade reactions ks at nodes can be redefined,
if desired.
Figure 186 Average modulus of subgrade reactions of boring ksm
Figure 187 Modulus of subgrade reactions at node ks

22.7 "Determining flexibility coefficients of piles" command
By this command, assembling the flexibility matrix of piles is carried out.
22.8 "Determining flexibility coefficients" command
By "Determining flexibility coefficients" command, assembling the flexibility matrix is carried out for the
following calculation methods:
-
121
Modification of modulus of subgrade reaction by iteration (method 4)

Modulus of compressibility (half-space, method 5)
Modulus of compressibility (Iteration, method 6)
Modulus of compressibility (Elimination, method 7)
Rigid raft (method 8)
Flexible foundation (method 9)
ELPLA 10
22.9 "Determining flexibility coefficients for system of rafts" command
By "Determining flexibility coefficients for system of rafts" command, assembling the flexibility matrix for
system of slab foundations is carried out.
22.10 "Assembling the soil stiffness matrix" command
By this command, the soil stiffness matrix is carried out for the following calculation methods:
-

22.11 "Influence of neighboring foundations on settlements" command

By "Influence of neighboring foundations on settlements" command, determining the settlements due to
influence of neighboring foundations is carried out for the following calculation methods:
-
Modification of modulus of subgrade reaction by iteration (method 4)

Flexible foundation (method 9)
22.12 "Influence of the temperature change on raft" command

Determining displacements due to temperature change is carried out.
22.13 "Influence of additional settlements on raft" command
Determining the influence of additional settlements is carried out.
22.14 "Assembling the girder stiffness matrix" command
Assembling the girder stiffness matrix is carried out when girders are in the slab.
22.15 "Assembling the slab stiffness matrix" command
Assembling the slab stiffness matrix is carried out for the following calculation methods:
-
Linear contact pressure (method 1)

22.16 "Solving the system of linear equations" command

Solving the system of linear equations is carried out for the following methods:
-
Linear contact pressure (method 1)

22.17 "Iteration process" command

When choosing the command "Iteration process", the iteration process for analyzing the isolated raft
(methods 4, 6) or system of rafts is carried out.
Iteration parameters
The iteration process continues until one of the following conditions is met (Figure 188):
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ELPLA 10
The accuracy number reaches to the specified tolerance, which means that a sufficient compatibility
between the raft deflection and the soil settlement is reached in the slab-soil interface
-
The iteration process reaches the specified steps of iterations
An accuracy number controls the convergence progress of the solution. The solution is considered convergent
if the accuracy number of the step I + 1 is less than that of the previous step i. The maximum difference
between the soil settlement and the raft deflection in [m] is considered as an accuracy number.
In the menu of Figure 188, select the option of the iteration condition. Then click "OK" Button.
Figure 188 "Iteration parameters" selection box

Iteration Process
The menu of Figure 189 displays information about the convergence progress of the solution during the
iteration process.
-
The iteration processing can be halted at any step by clicking "Stop" Button
A pause is possible at any step by clicking "Pause" Button. Then "Pause" Button changes to "Continue"
Button
To continue the iteration processing, click "Continue" Button
Figure 189 Menu "Iteration process"

22.18 "Analysis of the rigid raft" command
By this command, performing the analysis of the rigid raft is carried out (method 8).
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22.19 "Analysis of the flexible foundation" command
By "Analysis of the flexible foundation" command, performing the analysis of the flexible foundation is carried
out (method 9).
Negative contact pressures
If a negative value of contact pressure appears (Figure 190), it indicates tension at the soil raft interface. Since
the soil cannot resist tensile forces at the contact surface, a separation occurs between the raft and the soil.
An iterative procedure is used to eliminate the negative contact pressures. To eliminate negative contact
pressures, click "Yes" Button in the menu of Figure 190.
Figure 190 Menu "Negative contact pressures"

22.20 "Performing the nonlinear analysis" command
The nonlinear analysis for methods 2 to 8 is carried out.
22.21 "Performing the nonlinear analysis of piled raft foundation" command
The performing the nonlinear analysis of piled raft foundation is carried out.
22.22 "Determining deformation, internal forces, contact pressures" command
When clicking this command, the program calculates the settlements, contact pressures, deformation,
rotations, moments and shear forces. By the rigid raft the program calculates only the settlements (=
displacement), rotations and contact pressures, while by the flexible foundation, the program calculates only
the settlements.
Check of the solution
After determining internal forces and deformation, a check of the solution by comparison between the values
of actions and reactions is carried out for all calculation methods. Through this comparative examination, the
calculation accuracy is determined, Figure 191.
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Figure 191 Menu "Check of the solution"

22.23 "Design of the slab" command
By "Design of the slab" command, the reinforcement of the slab is determined and a check of punching stress
due to column loads, pile reactions and support reactions are carried out for calculation methods 1 to 7.
22.24 "Determining displacements, stresses and strains in soil" command
By this command, determining displacements, stresses and strains in soil is carried out.
22.25 "Analysis of the plane frame" command
By "Analysis of the plane frame" command, analyzing plane frame is carried out.
22.26 "Analysis of the plane stress" command
By "Analysis of the plane stress" command, analyzing plane stress is carried out.
22.27 "Computation of all" command
The progress of all computations according to the defined method is carried out.
Different computations are carried out for each method. At the start of the calculation and only by the
iteration methods, you are asked whether accuracy or iteration No. is to be used for ending the iteration cycles
(Figure 188). Table 22-1 shows an overview of the individual calculations for different methods.
Table 22-1 Overview of the individual calculations for different methods
Calculation

Determining the modulus of subgrade
Determining flexibility coefficients
Solving system equations (full matrix)
Solving system equations (banded matrix)
125
Numerical calculation method

1
10
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
*
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
ELPLA 10
Iteration process
Determining def., internal forces and contact pressures
Determining deformation and contact pressures
Design of the slab
Computation of all
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
-
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
*
Only by the two especial cases of influence of neighboring foundations on settlements and influence
of the temperature change on the raft
The numerical calculation methods in the last 10 cells of Table 22-1 are:
a)
Analysis of isolated raft

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
b)
Linear contact pressure

Constant modulus of subgrade reaction
Variable modulus of subgrade reaction
Modification of modulus of subgrade reaction by iteration
Modulus of compressibility (half-space)
Modulus of compressibility (Iteration)
Modulus of compressibility (Elimination)
Rigid raft
Flexible foundation
Analysis of system of rafts

10
Analysis of system of many flexible, rigid and elastic rafts
22.28 Self-Adaptive Mesh Wizard

The Self-Adaptive Mesh Wizard is a tool to help the user for generating finite element mesh with better
element/ node distributions. The wizard is used to regenerate the finite element mesh for slab floor and raft
problems. The new mesh will be generated based on the strain energy distribution. The self-adaptive
technique used in this wizard reduces general system error besides enhances stress distributions. Adaptive
mesh is generated either by using Delaunay generation or by using Grid-based generation (Figure 192).
Although the Self-Adaptive Mesh Wizard works with ELPLA Lite Edition, it is recommended to be used with
ELPLA standard and professional editions because the adapted mesh resulted from this wizard always has
more than 300 nodes.
Note: This wizard does not analyze any project. The project must be analyzed before running this wizard. In
addition, the adapted project must be analyzed again after running the wizard.
a-Original Mesh
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ELPLA 10
b-Adaptive mesh (Delaunay generation)
c-Adaptive mesh (Grid-based generation)
Figure 192 Two types of adaptive mesh generation: Delaunay generation and Grid-based generation
Figure 193 shows the first form in the wizard which contains the following options:
Open Project
Displays the name and path of the selected project. You may type in the name and path of a project or choose
a project using the Browse button.
Browse
Displays a dialog box you can use to browse to a project.
Recalculate Mesh Boundary
The Self-Adaptive Mesh Wizard cannot detect any change made to the mesh boundary after generating mesh.
For example, removing node from mesh will produce opening that cannot be detected from the original mesh
boundary. In this case, the Recalculate Mesh Boundary check box must be selected to ignore the original
mesh boundary and create a new mesh boundary according to the last mesh modification.
Help
Displays the help topic for this step. In addition, pressing F1, gives the same action.
Cancel
Cancels previous actions and closes the Application Wizard.
Back
Moves to the previous step.
Next
Moves to the next step.
Finish
Accepts any selections that have been entered and the defaults for the remaining steps, and then creates the
adaptive mesh.
Figure 193 Project Form

The next form of the wizard is the Generation Type form. There are two types of mesh generation: Delaunay
and Grid-based. Mesh optimization options are only available for Delaunay generation.
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ELPLA 10
Smoothing mesh
By the Smoothing mesh option, the dimension of FE-Net can be optimized by making all element sides
around each node having nearly the same length.
Directing border elements
By the Directing border elements option, all elements on the slab borders can be directed and arranged. This
command is useful to present contact pressures at raft edges in good manner when analyzing the raft by
Continuum model in which the contact pressure at raft edges are higher than that at the middle.
Element dimension parameters defined in the next wizard form depends on the generation type as follow:
Delaunay Generation
In the Delaunay generation (Figure 195), the minimum angle, element circumradius and minimum element
circumradius are required to define.
Grid-Based Generation
In the Grid-based generation (Figure 196), the element size (length/width) and minimum element size
(length/width) are required to define.
Figure 194 Generation Type Form
Figure 195 Delaunay generation parameters
Figure 196 Grid based generation parameters

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ELPLA 10
Adaptive Project
The last wizard form shown in 0 displays the name and path of the output project. For selected project name,
e.g. ProjectName, the wizard automatically displays an output name, e.g. ProjectName_Adaptive. You may
type in the file name and path of the output project. You can also use the Browse button to navigate to the
location where you want to save the project.
Figure 197 Output Project
23 Results Tab
Results Tab is used to display graphically the calculated results and input project data. The drawing of the
results and data can be displayed first on the screen, and then can be sent to the printer or plotter. The
calculated results and input project data can be presented graphically as follows:
-
Results in isometric view

Results as contour lines
Result values in the plan
Distribution curves of results in the plan
Results as circular diagrams
Deformation
Principal moments as streaks
Support reactions as arrows
Soil deformation as vectors
Soil deformation as deformed mesh
Principal soil stresses as streaks
Principal soil strains as streaks
Data in isometric view
Data in the plan
Boring locations
Boring logs/ Limit depth
Punching shear
Beam results
The drawings, if desired, can be saved as WMF-format files, in which they can be exported to other Windows
applications to prepare reports, slide presentations or add further information.
Figure 198 Results Tab

23.1 "Plan View" command
By "Plan View" command, the input data can be displayed in the plan view. When "Plan View" command is
chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 199 appears. In this Dialog box, select an item to draw and
click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 200 shows the loading in the plan.
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ELPLA 10
Figure 199 "Plan View" items
Figure 200 Loading in the plan

23.2 "Isometric View" (Data Command Group) command
By "Isometric View" command, the input data can be displayed on the screen and plotted in isometric shape.
When "Isometric View" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 201. In this Dialog box,
select an item to draw, and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 202shows the loading in isometric
view.
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Figure 201 "Data in isometric view" items
Figure 202 Loading in isometric view

23.3 "Contour Lines"
By this command, the calculated results can be contoured and shaded to reflect the variation of results. When
"Contour Lines" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 203 appears. In this dialog box,
select an item to draw and then click "OK" Button.
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Figure 203 "Results as contour lines" items

23.3.1 Contours with a constant interval
Contours can be displayed with a constant interval by checking "Contours with a constant interval" check box
in "Plot Parameters" form, Figure 273. For drawing the contours, the minimum and maximum contour values,
and the contour interval are required. As an example, Figure 204 shows the settlements as contours with a
constant interval.
Figure 204 "Contour lines parameters" Dialog box
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Figure 205 Settlements as contour lines with a constant interval

23.3.2 Contours with a variable interval
Contours can be displayed with a variable interval by making "Contours with a constant interval" check box
unchecked in "Plot Parameters" form, Figure 273. For drawing the contour lines with a variable interval, the
contour values are required to define in the form "Contour lines", Figure 206.
Figure 206 "Contours with a variable interval" Dialog box
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23.3.3 Color contours
Contours can be colored and shaded by checking "Color contours" check box in "Plot Parameters" form, Figure
273. The number of shaded colors is 13, start at color blue, which represents the minimum value and end at
color red, which represents the maximum value. The lines between shaded contours will be displayed, if
"Display lines" check box in "Plot Parameters" form is checked. As an example, Figure 207 shows the
settlements in color contours.
Figure 207 Color contours for settlements
23.4 "Isometric View" (Results Command Group) command

Calculated results can be displayed on the screen and plotted in isometric shape. In the Dialog box of Figure
208, select an item to draw and click "OK". Figure 209 shows the contact pressures in isometric view.
Figure 208 "Results in isometric view" items
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Figure 209 Contact pressures in isometric view

23.5 "Result Values" command
The calculated results can be tabulated on the mesh. When this command is chosen, the selection Dialog box
shown in Figure 210 appears. Select an item to draw and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 211
shows the values of Moments mx [kN.m/m] on the mesh.
Figure 210 "Result values in the plan" items
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Figure 211 Tabulation of Moments mx [kN.m/m] on the mesh

23.6 "Distribution Curves" command
By "Distribution Curves" command, the calculated results can be plotted as distribution curves on the mesh.
When "Distribution curves of results in the plan" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure
212 appears. In this Dialog box, select an item to draw and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 213
shows the distribution curves of moment mx on the slab.
Figure 212 "Distribution Curves" items
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Figure 213 Distribution curves of moment mx on the slab

23.7 "Circular Diagrams" command
By this command, the calculated results can be plotted as circular diagrams on the mesh. When "Circular
Diagrams" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 214 appears. In this Dialog box, select
an item to draw, and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 215 shows the circular diagrams for shear
forces Qx.
Color circles
Circular diagrams can be colored and shaded by checking "Color circles" check box in "Plot Parameters" form,
Figure 273.
Figure 214 "Results as circular diagrams" items
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Figure 215 Circular diagrams for shear forces Qx

23.8 "Deformation" command
By "Deformation" command, the slab deformation can be displayed as a deformed mesh plot as shown in
Figure 216.
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Figure 216 Slab deformation
23.9 "Principal Moments " command
By "Principal Moments" command, the principal moments hm1 and hm2 can be displayed as streaks as shown in
Figure 217.
Figure 217 Principal moments as streaks

23.10 "Support Reactions" command
By "Support Reactions" command, the support reactions V, Mx and My can be displayed in isometric shape as
arrows. When this command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 218 appears. In this Dialog
box, select an item to draw, and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 219 shows the support
reactions V as arrows.
Figure 218 "Support Reactions " items
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Figure 219 Support reactions V as arrows

23.11 "Punching Shear" command
23.12 "Beam results" command

In ELPLA, the finite element method was used to analyze of both the raft and girders, in which the raft was
represented by plate bending elements while the girders were represented by grid elements. Furthermore, a
combination between plate elements and grid elements may be used to represent ribbed rafts. If girders are
considered in the project, "Beam results" command will appear in the graphic menu.
"Beam results" command has the following options (commands):

-
Distribution of internal forces in the plan

Internal forces in isometric view
23.12.1 "Distribution of Internal Forces in the plan"

This command displays the beam internal forces (torsion moments, bending moments and shear forces) with
the slab geometry in the plan. The selection Dialog box shown in Figure 220 appears. In this Dialog box, select
an item to draw and click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 221 shows the distribution of bending moments
in the plan.
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Figure 220 "Distribution of internal forces in the plan" items
Figure 221 Distribution of bending moments in the plan

23.12.2 "Internal Forces in Isometric View"
This option displays the beam internal forces (torsion moments, bending moments and shear forces) with the
slab geometry in isometric view. When "Distribution of internal forces isometric view"-Option is chosen, the
selection Dialog box shown in Figure 222 appears. In this Dialog box, select an item to draw, and then click
"OK" Button. As an example, Figure 223 shows the distribution of shear forces in isometric view.
Figure 222 "Distribution of internal forces in isometric view" items
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Figure 223 Distribution of shear forces in isometric view

23.13 "Soil Deformation as Vectors" command
By "Soil Deformation as Vectors" command, the soil deformation can be displayed as vectors. When this
command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 224 appears. In this Dialog box, select an item to
draw, and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 225 shows the soil deformation as vectors.
Figure 224 "Soil deformation as vectors" items
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Figure 225 Soil deformation as vectors

23.14 "Soil Deformation as Deformed Mesh" command
By this command, the soil deformation can be displayed as deformed mesh. As an example, Figure 226 shows
the soil deformation as deformed mesh.
Figure 226 Soil deformation as deformed mesh

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23.15 "Principal Soil Stresses" command
By this command, the principal soil stresses can be displayed as streaks. As an example, Figure 227 shows the
principal soil stresses as streaks.
Figure 227 Principal soil stresses as streaks

23.16 "Principal Soil Strains" command
By this command, the Principal soil strains can be displayed as streaks. As an example, Figure 228 shows the
principal soil strains as streaks.
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Figure 228 Principal soil strains as streaks

23.17 "Boring logs/ Limit depth" command
By choosing "Boring logs/ Limit depth" command, boring logs (boring layers, soil material, water table and limit
depth) can be displayed through Boring Tab as shown in Figure 229. The stress on soil under a specified point
on the foundation with effective stress can be also displayed beside the corresponding boring log as shown in
Figure 233. The stress on soil is used to determine the limit depth of the soil layers.
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Figure 229 Boring Tab shows boring logs with multi-layers with different soil material
When "Drawing boring logs/ Limit depth" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown
in Figure 117 appears. In this Dialog box, select the boring logs or the limit depths to draw,
and then click "OK" Button. Figure 118 shows boring logs.
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Figure 230 "List of boring logs" Dialog box
Figure 231 Boring logs on the screen

Note:
Insert/ Delete Boring commands are applied to the list of the selected boring logs to be drawn. For example, if
user chooses to delete boring log, the following dialog message in Figure 119 appears. If user chooses to delete
boring, this does not delete boring data, only boring log will not be drawn.
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Figure 232 Delete Broing from the list of boring logs
Figure 233 Limit depth of the soil layers

23.19 "Boring Locations" command
By "Boring Locations" command, the boring locations in global coordinates can be displayed with the slab
geometry as shown in Figure 234.
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Figure 234 Location of boring with zone types
24 An overview of ELPLA-Section
Section Command Group is used to display graphically the calculated results (settlements, contact
pressures, deformation, internal forces, modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) and input project
data (additional settlements) at specified sections. The drawing of the results and data can be displayed first
on the screen, and then can be sent to the printer or plotter. In addition, all drawing sections can be exported
to MS Excel.
The calculated results and input project data can be presented graphically as follows:
-
Section in x-direction
Max./ Min. values in x-direction
Overlapping in x-direction
Section in y-direction
Max./ Min. values in y-direction
Overlapping in y-direction
Arbitrary section
The drawings, if desired, can be saved as WMF-Format files, in which they can be exported to other Windows
applications such as Word and AutoCAD to prepare reports, slide presentations or add further information.
24.1 Section in x-direction" command
By "Section in x-direction" command, the calculated results (settlements, contact pressures, deformation,
internal forces, modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) and input data (additional settlements) can
be plotted at a specified section in x-direction.
When this command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 235 appears. In this Dialog box, select
one item to draw, and then click "OK" Button.
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Figure 235 "Section in x-direction" items

For drawing results at a specified section in x-direction, ranges of the section are required as shown in Figure
236.
Figure 236 "Section in x-direction" Dialog box

As an example, Figure 237 shows a specified section of settlement in x-direction.
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Figure 237 Section of settlement in x-direction

24.2
Max./ Min. values in x-direction" command
By "Max./ Min. values in x-direction" command, the extreme values of results (settlements, contact pressures,
deformation, internal forces, modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) and input data (additional
settlements) can be plotted at a specified range in x-direction. When the command is chosen, the selection
Dialog box shown in Figure 238 appears. In this Dialog box, select one item to draw and then click "OK" Button.
Figure 238 "Max./ Min. values in x-direction" items

For drawing extreme values of results at a specified range in x-direction, ranges of the section are required as
shown in Figure 239.
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Figure 239 "Section in x-direction" Dialog box

As an example, Figure 240 shows extreme values of moments mx in x-direction for the whole raft.
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Figure 240 Extreme values of moments mx in x-direction for the whole raft
24.3 Overlapping in x-direction" command
Values of calculated results (settlements, contact pressures, deformation, internal forces, modulus of subgrade
reaction and reinforcement) and input data (additional settlements) can be plotted in many sections for a
specified range in x-direction in one graph.
When "Overlapping in x-direction" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 241 appears.
In this Dialog box, select one item to draw, and then click "OK" Button.
Figure 241 "Overlapping in x-direction" items

For drawing values of calculated results at a specified range in x-direction in one graph, ranges of the section
are required as shown in Figure 242.
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Figure 242 "Overlapping in x-direction" Dialog box

As an example, Figure 243 shows values of shear forces Qy in x-direction in a specified zone of the raft.
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Figure 243 Sections of shear forces Qy in x-direction for a specified zone

24.4 Section in y-direction" command
By "Section in y-direction" command, the calculated results (settlements, contact pressures, deformation,
internal forces, modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) and input data (additional settlements) can
be plotted at a specified section in y-direction.
Figure 244 "Section in y-direction" items

For drawing results at a specified section in y-direction, ranges of the section are required as shown in Figure
245.
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Figure 245 "Section in y-direction" Dialog box

As an example, Figure 246 shows a specified section of contact pressures in y-direction.
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Figure 246 Section of contact pressures in y-direction

24.5 Max./ Min. values in y-direction" command
By "Max./ Min. values in y-direction" command, the extreme values of results (settlements, contact pressures,
settlements) can be plotted at a specified range in y-direction.
When the command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 247 appears. In this Dialog box, select
Figure 247 "Max./ Min. values in y-direction" items

For drawing extreme values of results at a specified range in y-direction, ranges of the section are required as
shown in Figure 248.
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As an example, Figure 249 shows the extreme values of moments my in y-direction for the whole raft.
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Figure 249 The extreme values of moments my in y-direction for the whole slab
24.6 Overlapping in y-direction" command
By "Overlapping in y-direction" command, the values of calculated results (settlements, contact pressures,
settlements) can be plotted at a specified range in y-direction in one graph.
Figure 250 "Overlapping in y-direction" items

For drawing values of calculated results at a specified range in y-direction in one graph, the ranges of the
section required as shown in Figure 251.
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As an example, Figure 252 shows values of shear forces Qx in y-direction in a specified zone of the raft.
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Figure 252 Sections of shear forces Qx in y-direction

24.7 Arbitrary Section" command
By "Arbitrary Section" command, the calculated results (settlements, contact pressures, deformation, internal
forces, modulus of subgrade reaction and reinforcement) and input data (additional settlements) can be
plotted at any arbitrary section.
When "Arbitrary Section" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 253 appears. In this
Dialog box, select one item to draw, and then click "OK" Button.
Figure 253 "Arbitrary Section" items

For drawing results at any arbitrary section, ranges of the section are required as shown in Figure 254.
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Figure 254 "Arbitrary Section" Dialog box

As an example, Figure 255 shows an arbitrary section of settlement.
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Figure 255 Arbitrary section of settlement
25 List Group Command

List Group Command is used to display and print input data and calculated results. Listing data and results
can be displayed first on the screen, and then can be sent to the printer or MS Word.
The data and results can be viewed as follows:
-
Display tables of data

Print tables of data
List tables of data through Text-Editor
Display tables of results
Print tables of results
List tables of results through Text-Editor
The data and results, if desired, can be saved as ASCII-format Files, in which they can be exported to other
Windows applications to prepare reports or add further information.
25.1 Display Tables of Data" command
By "Display Tables of Data" command, the input project data can be tabulated.
The input project data, which can be tabulated, are:
-
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Node coordinates
Node boundaries
Data of supports/ Boundary conditions
Spring supports
Girders
Loading
Slab properties/ Foundation level/ Global coordinates
Data of reinforcement
Data of temperature change
Data of neighboring foundations
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Data of additional soil settlements

Data of boring fields
Soil properties
When the command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 256appears. In this Dialog box, select
one item to be tabulated, and click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 257 shows a list of soil data.
Figure 256 "Display tables of data" items
Figure 257 List of node coordinates

25.2 List Tables of Data through Text-Editor" command
By this command, the title page of ELPLA can be displayed through the ELPLA Text-Editor. The input project
data that can be viewed can be also displayed. When the command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown
in Figure 258 appears. In this Dialog box, check the items that you want to list through Text-Editor, and then
click "OK" Button.
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Figure 258 "List tables of data through Text-Editor" items

For listing tables of data through Text-Editor, the header options and page numbering are required before
loading Text-Editor. Figure 260 shows Title page of ELPLA through the ELPLA Text-Editor (List Tab). To get
information about Text-Editor, see the Users Guide of List Tab.
For printing tables of data, the header options and page numbering are required as shown in Figure 259.
Header
- To print headers (Company), check the control box "Print header (Company)"
- To print an identification header, check the control box "Print identification header"
Page numbering
- By the option "Start at", renumbering pages can be defined. To change the page number, type the
new number in "Start at" Text box
- If the option "No page numbering" is activated, the page numbers will not be included in the
document
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Figure 260 Text-Editor (List Tab)

25.3 Display Tables of Results" command
By "Display tables of results" command, the calculated results can be tabulated.
The calculated results, which can be tabulated, are:
-
Settlements, contact pressures, deformation and internal forces

Flexibility matrix [Ce]
Flexibility matrix [CW]
Stiffness matrix [ks]
Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks)
Ultimate bearing capacity (qult)
Settlements due to temperature change (st)
Settlements due to neighboring foundations (se)
Additional soil settlements (ss)
Support reactions (V)
Limit depth (zg)
Reinforcement (As)
Punching results
When "Display tables of results" command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 261 appears. In
this Dialog box, select one item to be tabulated, and then click "OK" Button. As an example, Figure 262 shows a
list of settlements.
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Figure 261 "Display tables of results" items
Figure 262 List of settlements

25.4 List tables of results through Text-Editor" command
By "List Tables of Data through Text-Editor" command, the calculated results can be displayed through ELPLA
Text-Editor. When the command is chosen, the selection Dialog box shown in Figure 263 appears. In this Dialog
box, check the items that you want to list through Text-Editor, and then click "OK" Button.
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Figure 263 "List tables of results through Text-Editor" items

For listing tables of data through Text-Editor, the header options and page numbering are required before
loading Text-Editor as shown in Figure 264. Figure 265 shows moments through ELPLA Text-Editor. To get
information about Text-Editor, see the Users Guide of Text-Editor.
For printing tables of data, the header options and page numbering are required as shown in Figure 259.
Header
- To print headers (Company), check the control box "Print header (Company)"
- To print an identification header, check the control box "Print identification header"
Page numbering
- By the option "Start at", renumbering pages can be defined. To change the page number, type the
new number in "Start at" Text box
- If the option "No page numbering" is activated, the page numbers will not be included in the
document
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Figure 265 Moments through Text-Editor
26 Text-Editor
Text-Editor is a simple word processing program. The project data or results can be displayed, changed or
printed through Text-Editor. Data or results, if desired, can be saved as ASCII-format or RTF-Format files. These
files can be exported to other Windows-applications (for example WordPerfect or Word) to prepare reports or
add further information.
Text-Editor is called through embedded Tabs. In ELPLA, text-editor called through List Tab as shown in Figure
266.
Figure 266 Text-Editor Tab

26.1 Clipboard Group Command
26.1.1 "Cut" command
By Cut command, the selected text can be removed, so that it can be placed in another part of the text file.
26.1.2 "Copy" command
By "Copy" command, the selected text is copied in the Clipboard so that it can be placed in another part of the
text file.
26.1.3 "Paste" command
By "Paste" command, the contents of the Clipboard are placed in the text file.
26.1.4 "Delete" command
By "Delete" command, the selected text can be removed from the text file.
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26.1.5 "Select all" command
By "Select all" command, all text at once can be selected.
26.2 "Editing" command group
26.2.1 "Find" command
By "Find" command, the user can search for a specified text. Figure 267 shows "Find" Dialog box. In "Find
what" Text box, the user enters the text to search for, then click "Find next" Button. Text-Editor will start
searching according to the following options:
Match case
Finds only text that has the same pattern of uppercase and lowercase characters as the text was
specified in "Find what" Text box
Find whole words only
Finds only whole words instead of searching for text inside longer words
Find in selection only
Searches inside only the selected text instead of searching for text inside all file
Figure 267 "Find" Message box

26.2.2 "Find next" command
By "Find next" command, the user can search for more instances of the same text that was specified in "Find
what" Text box.
26.2.3 "Replace" command
By "Replace" command, the user can search for and replace a specified text. Figure 268 shows "Replace"
Dialog box. In "Find what" Text box, the user enters the text to search for. In "Replace with" Text box, the user
enters the text to replace with "Find what" Text box. Then click "Replace" Button. Text-Editor searches for the
next instance of the text that matches the text in "Find what" Text box and replaces it with the text in "Replace
with" Text box according to the following options:
Match case
Finds and replaces only text that has the same pattern of uppercase and lowercase characters as the
text was specified in "Find what"
Find whole words only
Finds and replaces only whole words instead of searching for text inside longer words
Find in selection only
Searches and replaces inside only the selected text instead of searching for text inside all file
Note
By "Replace All" command all instances of the text can be replaced
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Figure 268 "Replace" Message box
27 Font command group

By this command font, size and font type for the currently selected text can be defined.
Figure 269 "Font" command group

27.1 "Paragraph" command group
By "Paragraph" command (Figure 270), the paragraphs for the selected text, if existing, or new text can be
formatted.
Figure 270 "Paragraph" command group

The following formats can be defined:
27.1.1 "Numbering" command
By "Numbering" command the selected text can be numbered.
27.1.2 "Bullets" command
By "Bullets" command the selected text can be bulleted.
27.1.3 "Protect" command
By "Protect" command, the text file can be protected from any editing process.
27.1.4 Alignment
Choose Left to align text to the left with a ragged right edge (or use the keyboard shortcut, CTRL+L).
Choose Center to center text with a ragged left and right edge (CTRL+E).
Choose Right to align text to the right with a ragged left edge.
27.2 "Page" command group
By "Page" command (Figure 271), use can navigate through pages.
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Figure 271 "Page" command group
28 Setting Tab
The Setting Tab has the following commands:
Figure 272 Setting Tab

28.1 Setting-Options Command Group
The Options command group in Setting Tab has the following commands:
28.1.1 "Plot parameters" command
Plot parameters may be set as default values by the program, or may be fully specified by the user. By this
command, the following plot parameters can be specified:
FE-Net
Display node numbering
Display coordinates x, y
Display element numbering
Display Column types
Display FE-Net in separated elements
Color girders
Draw girder thickness
Display Cartesian grid
Grid over entire area
Color element groups and slab thickness
General Plot Parameters
Snap to grid or node
Display FE-Net, Axes, slab dimensions, FE-Net in separated elements, reference points and lines, axis
arrows
Pages with or without a frame
Color element groups and slab thickness
Color section of punching shear
Color girders
Draw girder thickness
Color circles of circular diagrams. If "color circles" is checked, the positive circles are red and the
negative circles are blue
Draw neighboring foundations
Draw block element
Draw element border
Color solid element
Contour Lines
Color contours with or without display contour lines. If "color contours" is checked, the contours will
have 13 constant intervals with 13 colors. Colors start at color blue, which represents the minimum
value and end at color red representing the maximum value
Writing factor. If "Writing factor" is checked, the intensity of numbers on the contour lines will be
defined
Display contours with a constant interval
-
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Boring Locations
Display boring subareas boundary
Color boring subareas
Mark boring subareas
Soil Plot Parameters
Color soil layers
Draw water table
Simple drawing of boring logs
Setting soil colors according to DIN 4023
Display soil properties c, Phi and Nue
Figure 273 General plot parameters
Figure 274 Soil plot parameters
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Figure 275 Solid elements parameters
Figure 276 FE-Net parameters

Display Item
Turns on and off the display of the item on the drawing
Snap to grid
This command turns on and off the capability to snap to the grid when creating the mesh geometry.
28.1.2 "Display values" command
By the Display values command, you can choose item values (for example load values or support reaction
values) need to be displayed on the drawing (Figure 277):
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Figure 277 "Display values" Dialog box

28.2 Format Command Group
The Format Command Group has the following commands:
28.2.1 "Line formats" command
By the "Line formats" command, the color, style and thickness of drawing lines can be defined, Figure 278. The
way a line is drawn depends on the setting of the color and style properties. There are 15 different colors and
5 styles available for line formats. The following list shows some of the available lines, which can be formatted:
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175
Slab boundary
Elements
Isometric view
Distribution drawing
Contour lines
Legends
Circular diagrams
Arrows of support reactions
Page boundary
Identification box
Streaks of principal moments (+ve)
Streaks of principal moments (-ve)
Slab dimensions
Loads
Boundary conditions
Boring logs
Slab thickness
Axes
Beam elements
Spring supports
Axes of symmetry
Symbol of symmetry
Vectors of soil deformation
Deformed mesh of soil deformation
Axis arrows
Girder axes
Piles in plan
Pile length
Pile hatching
ELPLA 10
-
Reference points and lines

Columns
Cartesian grid
Punching shear
Borders of block elements
Soil layer levels
Soil symbols
Groundwater
Foundation
Measurement bar
Limit depth
Figure 278 "Line formats" Dialog box

28.2.2 "Fill color" command
By the "Fill color" command, the fill color of drawing can be defined (Figure 279).
The following list shows some of the available items, which can be filled with a specified color:
Loads
Boundary conditions
Springs
Zone type I: Bilinear interpolation among three boring logs
Zone type II: Linear interpolation between two boring logs
Zone type III: Node corresponds to boring
Circle of boring
(+ve) Circular diagrams
(-ve) Circular diagrams
Punching shear
Material No.
Girder group No.
Sub area of boring No.
Pile group No.
Column group No.
Groundwater
Foundation
Measurement bar
Stress due to foundation
Stress from neighboring foundations
Stress from soil weight
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Figure 279 "Fill color" Dialog box
28.2.3 "Max. Ordinate" command

By "Max. Ordinate" command, the maximum ordinate, maximum diameter, maximum side, maximum width
and maximum length for the drawing can be defined, Figure 280.
Figure 280 "Max. Ordinate" Dialog box

28.2.4 "Font" command
The font size (Figure 281) and font type (Figure 282) for the drawing can be defined.
Figure 281 "Font size" Dialog box
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Figure 282 "Font type" Dialog box

28.2.5 "Legend" command
By this command, the height and width of legends can be specified as shown in Figure 283.
Display legend
In "Display legend" Group box, check the legend that you wish to display.
Legend size
In "Legend size" Group box, the height and width of the legend can be defined.
Figure 283 "Legend" Dialog box

28.3
Main Data Command Group
28.3.1 "Preferences" command

In the Dialog box of Figure 284, define the FE-Net and calculation of internal force preferences. To improve the
distribution of the internal forces on the FE-Net, two possibilities for determining internal forces are available:
1. The internal forces are determined firstly at the element centers, and then distributed to the element nodes
(recommended for triangular elements)
2. The internal forces are determined directly at the element nodes (recommended for rectangular elements)
In the Dialog box "Default soil data," the user can specify the file of default soil data. Default soil data are
considered when creating new boring logs
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Figure 284 "Preferences" Dialog box

28.3.2 "Directory of data" command
Instead of storing hundreds of project files, the files of input data, intermediate or final results for a project
can optionally be stored automatically in one compressed file. This makes it easier to send projects to other
persons or to simply manage your own files. It also reduces the amount of disk space required to store all of
your data files. The compressed file is ZIP-compatible, allowing you to manually extract the data files using
WinZip or other data compression tools if you wish.
In the Dialog box of Figure 285, specify which directory is used as default directory for files that are saved or
opened by ELPLA. Also, check the files to be compressed.
Figure 285 "Directory of data" Dialog box

28.3.3 "Firm header" command
The "Firm header" is two lines text to give information about your firm, company, institute or office, Figure
286. The information is printed as headers at the top of the pages, which contain the tables of data and results
that created by ELPLA-List. The information is also printed at the identification box for graphical drawings of
data and results created by ELPLA-Graphic, ELPLA-Sections and ELPLA-Boring.
179
ELPLA 10
Figure 286 "Firm header" Dialog box

28.3.4 "Help language setting" command
GEOTEC Office applications have Multilingual User Interface (MUI). The Multilingual User Interface Pack is a set
of language XML resource files that can be added to the English version of GEOTEC Office applications. MUI
Pack allows the user interface language to be changed according to the preferences of individual users to one
of the available supported languages. MUI Pack provides a single version of GEOTEC Office applications to
which users can add one or more MUI Packs providing local user interface and help files. Now, three languages
are already available in ELPLA 10; English, German and Arabic.
The major benefits of the new MUI Pack are:
Allows user interface switching between languages
Easy to update with new languages
Language-specific updates do not affect all languages
Languages are XML based resources that make it easier to users to add their own languages.
You can define the language of the help system used in ELPLA applications (Figure 287). The three languages
are English, German and Arabic.
Figure 287 "Help language setting" Dialog box

28.3.5 "System of Units" command
It is possible to set different unit systems such as SI-system or English-system without changing the real value
of any previously defined data, Figure 288.
180
ELPLA 10
Figure 288 "System of units" Dialog box

28.3.6 "Number formats" command
By the "Number formats" command, the user can choose how the numbers of results and data are displayed
or printed, Figure 289.
The following examples describe the number formats:
Number = 5459.3472
Format "0.000"
Format "0.00"
Format "0.0"
Format "0"
Format "00E+00"
gives 5459.347
gives 5459.35
gives 5459.4
gives 5459
gives 55E+02 (Exponential format)
Figure 289 "Number formats" Dialog box

28.3.7 "Design code parameters" command
The design of the slab for flexure moment and punching shear can be carried out according to the following
design codes:
181
EC 2
European Committee for Standardization, Design of Concrete Structures - Eurocode 2
DIN 1045
German Institute for Standardization, Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete
ACI
American Concrete Institute Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
ECP
Egyptian Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures
ELPLA 10
In the menu of Figure 290, the design code parameters may be redefined if desired. Also, the minimum
reinforcements of tension and compression steel are defined.
Figure 290 "Design code parameters" Dialog box
28.3.8 "Project Explorer" command

"Project explorer" command displays an explorer window on the screen at the left.
28.3.9 "Status bar" command
"Status bar" command displays a status bar on the screen down. The status bar displays information
about the progress of the current operation.
29 References
The program is a result of many extensive research works after many authors. Some of these references are:
[1]
EL ARABI/ EL GENDY, M. (2001): On the Optimum Design of Foundation Systems

Suez Canal University, Faculty of Engineering, Port-Said
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, November 2001
[2]
EL ARABI/ EL GENDY, M. (2001): Effect of Openings on Raft Behavior

Suez Canal University, Faculty of Engineering, Port-Said
Port-Said Engineering Research Journal, December 2001
[3]
CRUZ, L. (1994): Vergleichsuntersuchungen zur Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung an

einer Hochhausgrndungsplatte zwischen den nationalen Normen und den Eurocodes
Diplomarbeit, Universitt Gesamthochschule Siegen
[4]
EL GENDY, A. (1996): Structural analysis and design using finite element method
B. Sc. Project report, Suez Canal University, Port-Said, Egypt
[5]
EL GENDY, M. (1994): Comparing examinations of the influence

of calculation methods of basement slabs
PH.D Thesis, Suez Canal University, Egypt
182
ELPLA 10
[6]
EL GENDY, M. (1998): An analysis for determination of foundation rigidity

Eighth International Colloquium on Structural and Geotechnical Engineering
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
[7]
EL GENDY, M. (1998): An iteration method for design of slab on elastic foundation

Proceeding of the first International Conference on Civil Engineering
Helewan University, Cairo, Egypt
[8]
EL GENDY, M. (1999): Effect of Girders on the Raft Rigidity

1st International Conference for Advanced Trends in Engineering
Minia University, Minia, Egypt
[9]
EL GENDY, M. (2003): Numerical Modeling of Rigid Circular Rafts on Consolidated

Clay Deposits
International Workshop on Geotechnics of Soft Soils-Theory and Practice
Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands
[10]
HERRMANN, R. (1994): Konstruktion und Bemessung von Bodenplatten

Nachweis von Grenzzustnden nach EC 2 Teil 1 und EC 7 Teil 1 / DIN V 1054100
Seminar Universitt Gesamthochschule Siegen
[11]
IBRAHIM, F./ El GENDY, M./ EL SHERIFY (2002): Analysis of Plates on

Compressible Subsoil
2nd International Conference for Advanced Trends in Engineering
Minia University, Minia, Egypt
KANY, M. (1974): Berechnung von Flchengrndungen, 2. Auflage
Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
[12]
[13]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1993): Vergleichende Untersuchung ber numerische

Modelle fr die Berechnung von Grndungsplatten
Theorie und Praxis numerischer Modelle in der Bodenmechanik, Sonthofen
Herausgeber: TU Graz
[14]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1995): Computing of beam and slab foundations on three
Dimensional layered model
Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering,
Berlin
[15]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1996): Sicherheitsuntersuchungen bei Flchengrndungen

nach EC 7/ DIN 1054
Forschungsbericht an IFBT, Berlin
[16]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1996): Unterlagen zu den TAW-Seminaren

"Berechnung von Flchengrndungen", Nrnberg
[17]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1997): Analysis of system of footing resting on irregular soil
Proceeding of the XIVth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,
Hamburg
[18]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (1999): Berechnung von groen Systemen

starrer Sohlplatten
Bauingenieur, Bd. 74, Nr. 11, S. 471-478
[19]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (2000): Einfluss der Bauwerkssteifigkeit auf das

2. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels
Technische Akademie Esslingen, Ostfildern, Germany
[20]
KANY, M./ EL GENDY, M. (2002): Berechnung von Fundamenten

auf nichtlinearem Baugrund
183
Fundamentsystem
ELPLA 10
3. Kolloquium Bauen in Boden und Fels
Technische Akademie Esslingen, Ostfildern, Germany
[21]
OHDE, J. (1942): Berechnung der Sohldruckverteilung unter Grndungskrpern

Z. Bauingenieur, S. 99 ff. und S. 102 ff.
30 Tips and Tricks

30.1 Mouse
-
By clicking the right mouse Button on the screen for one of the Data Tab, the user can also obtain the
Popup-Options-Menu, Figure 291.
In FE-Net Tab, you can click on a node and hold the mouse to move the node to new location.
In Graphic Tab, you can click and hold the mouse to move the drawing to new location.
By double-clicking on legend, firm header, title or project identification, the corresponding dialog box
appears
By double-clicking on scale in the identification box, "Scale"-Dialog box appears
By double-clicking on file name in the identification box, "Open"- Dialog box appears
By double-clicking on page No. in the identification box, "Page No."- Dialog box appears
By double-clicking on a specified node on the FE-Net the corresponding node information appears,
Figure 292
Figure 291 Menu "Popup-Options"
184
ELPLA 10
Figure 292 Node information
185
ELPLA 10
31 Index
Moments
mouse
A
ACI
Add girders
182
59
Boring fields
N
Neighboring foundations
New FE-Net
New generation
Number formats
104, 111
82
115
4, 37
51
181
92
O
D
Design code
DIN 1045
Directory of data
Display values
Distributed loads
182
182
179, 180, 181
174
114
182
182
60
24
89
P
Point loads
Project identification
E
EC 2
ECP
Edit girders
Open project
Origin coordinates
102, 111
36
R
Remove girders
Remove nodes
59
40
F
S
File list
Firm header
26
180
G
girder groups
Girders
60
59
13
98
19, 45, 48, 54, 55, 56
22
74
63
98
T
T/L-Girder
Tips and Tricks
I
Information
Interpolation method
Irregular slab
Select nodes
soil properties
Spring supports
Subarea method
60, 62
184
U
Unit weight of the foundation
87
L
V
Line formats
Line loads
Load values using formula
Loads
176
105, 106, 112, 113
114
102
M
Main soil data
186
View grouping
Z
Zone type
81
175
93, 95
ELPLA 10
32 Appendix: A - ELPLA Output Samples

32.1 Samples for graphical drawings
ELPLA gives the ability to present more than 100 different graphical drawings for data and results. In this
paragraph some graphical drawings for data and results of example problems "gb7" (an irregular raft on
irregular subsoil) and "rib" (a ribbed raft) are presented.
The pages P1 to P10 show some graphical presentations of data and results for example problem "gb7", while
pages P11 and P12 show the graphical presentation of girders for example problem "rib".
Table 32-1 Graphical drawings of data
Presentation
Data in isometric view
Data in the plan
Location of borings
Table 32-2 Graphical drawings of results

Presentation
Results in isometric view
Loading
Geometry of slab with loading
Page
P1
P2
P3
Contact pressures q
Page
P4
Deformation
Deformation w
P5
Results as contour lines
Settlements s
P6
Result values in the plan
Moduli of subgrade reactions ks
Distribution curves of results in the plan
Moments my
P8
Results as circular diagrams
Moments mx
P9
Principal moments as streaks
Principal moments
P10
Girders presentation in the plan
Beam-Bending moments Mb
P11
Girders presentation in isometric view
Beam-Bending moments Mb
P12
P7
32.2 Samples for drawings across sections

ELPLA gives the ability to present many different graphical drawings across sections for results. In this
paragraph the graphical drawings for results of example problem gb7, an irregular raft on irregular subsoil, is
presented.
The pages P1 to P3 show some graphical presentations of example gb7 in different possibilities according to
Table F-12. There is also a great number of presentation possibilities that are not consider in this paragraph.
Color presentation is also possible by ELPLA-Section.
Table 32-3 Graphical drawings for results
Presentation
Contact pressure q
Max./ Min. values of moments mx
Overlapping of 3 Sections of shear forces Qy
Page
P1
P2
P3
32.3 Samples for boring logs drawings

ELPLA draws the soil layers by different symbols, where the same layers are presented with the same symbols
for easy identification. For drawing the boring logs, the main symbols of German specification code are
187
ELPLA 10
considered in ELPLA. It is possible to draw a total number of 46 soil and rock arts in boring logs according to
German Standard DIN 4023.
Samples for symbols of soil layers according to German Standard DIN 4023 are presented in page P1. The
pages P2 to P3 show also some graphical presentations of boring logs and limit depth according to Table H-12
and Table H-13.
Table 32-4
Graphical drawings of boring logs
Presentation
Boring logs according to DIN 4023
Simple presentation of boring logs
Page
P1
P2
Table 32-5
Presentation
Limit depth
Page
P3
Graphical drawings of limit depth
32.4 Samples for adaptive mesh

For the mesh of Example1 (Page 1), page 2 shows the adaptive mesh using Delaunay generation while page 3
shows the adaptive mesh using Grid-based generation.
32.5 Listing samples for data and results
ELPLA gives the ability to print data and results in arranged tables. In this section, some of the printed text for
data and results of example problems gb7, an irregular raft on irregular subsoil, are presented.
The pages 1 to 2 contain some printed text of input project data for the example problem gb7, while pages 3
to 7 contain some printed text of results for the same example problem, according to Table G-11 and Table G12.
Table 32-6
Listing input project data
Presentation
Title page of program ELPLA
Loading
Table 32-7
Presentation
Moments m
188
Page
12
Listing of calculated results

Page
37
ELPLA 10

125 4.0
156 5.0
p [kN/m2]
145 0.0
153 8.0
136 8.0
PL [kN/m]
215 0.0
Mx [kN.m]
135 0.0
89.0
89.0
500 .0
My [kN.m]
750 .0
120 .0
160 0.0
P [kN]
800 .0
156 0.0
350 .0
126 5.0
Loads

Scale factor: 60
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10
136 8.0
153 8.0
125 4.0
156 5.0
p [kN/m2]
135 0.0
145 0.0
PL [kN/m]
Mx [kN.m]
120 .0
My [kN.m]
500 .0
P [kN]
750 .0
160 0.0
89.0
215 0.0
89.0
350 .0
126 5.0
Loads

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
156 0.0
800 .0
ELPLA 10
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
3C
3C
3C
3C
3C
3C
2C
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
3C
3C
3C
3C
3C
2C
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
3C
3C
3C
3C
3C
2C
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
3C
3C
3C
3C
3C
3L
3C
3C
3C
3C
B3( 10.00, 11.00)
2C
2L
2C
2C
2L
2L
2L
2L
2L
1T
1T
1T
3L
1T
1T
1T
3L
3L
3C
3C
3C
3L
3L
3L
3L
3C
B2( 1.00, 9 .00)
1L
1L
1T
1T
1T
1L
1L
1L
1T
1T
1T
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1L
1L
1L
1T
1T
1T
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1L
1L
1L
1L
1T
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1L
1L
1L
1L
1T
1T
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1L
1L
1L
1L
1L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1L
1L
1L
1L
1C
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
B1( 4.00, 3 .00)
1L
1L
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
3L
3L
3L
3L
3L
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
3L
3L
3L
3L
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
1C
3L
3L
3L
Boring Locations
No. of boring logs = 3

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10

585.9 [kN/m2]
Contact pressure q [kN/m2]

Max. q = 585.9 at node 211, Min. q = 12.6 at node 118

Scale factor: 60
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10

3.7 [cm]
Slab Deformation w [cm]

Max. w = 3.70 at node 211, Min. w = 0.81 at node 9

Scale factor: 60
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10
3.01
2.79
3.01
2.79
3.23
2.5
3.4
3.56 [cm]
2.35
3.34 [cm]
3.0
3.12 [cm]
9
2.7
2.5
7
2.90 [cm]
2.1
2.3
2.68 [cm]
2.46 [cm]
1.9
2.24 [cm]
2.02 [cm]
2.5
1.80 [cm]
2.79
2.35
1.58 [cm]
2.1
3
1.36 [cm]
1.9
1.14 [cm]
5
1.2
1.4
1.6
9
1.9
1.25
7
1.4
1.6
0.92 [cm]
Settlements [cm]
Max. s = 3.70 at node 211, Min. s = 0.81 at node 9

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
1.0
ELPLA 10
1585 4.11
8223 .36
7673 .37
7342 .67
7168 .91
7073 .66
6970 .29
6772 .09
6606 .50
6522 .74
6376 .27
6412 .31
6401 .97
6572 .13
6889 .68
1284 9.77
8640 .27
2758 .15
2831 .03
2612 .16
2538 .56
2542 .90
2517 .15
2429 .37
2390 .19
2410 .94
2338 .76
2339 .18
2348 .36
2503 .62
2418 .28
6915 .32
8334 .37
2966 .94
2940 .04
2724 .50
2646 .11
2637 .53
2604 .40
2523 .19
2472 .31
2470 .87
2384 .92
2332 .63
2353 .32
2498 .94
2455 .23
6572 .09
8178 .83
2920 .32
2858 .22
2663 .22
2556 .75
2473 .22
2415 .36
2345 .26
2250 .54
2147 .36
2002 .61
2044 .40
2250 .88
2394 .95
2349 .33
6444 .59
8104 .09
3019 .74
2904 .66
2590 .24
2978 .34
4013 .84
4176 .50
4325 .63
4365 .29
4350 .13
4103 .68
2636 .52
1980 .92
2432 .43
2388 .07
6405 .25
7885 .68
2681 .01
2733 .97
2626 .03
4579 .97
3845 .05
2261 .16
2062 .61
2279 .85
6370 .48
7904 .70
3117 .48
3393 .57
3094 .78
5368 .02
4113 .46
2463 .30
2453 .69
1993 .27
6283 .85
8455 .29
3347 .51
3755 .43
3502 .65
5808 .48
1310 .48
4023 .21
4581 .65
4665 .38
3423 .99
2684 .68
2658 .52
2456 .26
6243 .02
8959 .81
3708 .91
3989 .85
4106 .95
6168 .08
3352 .11
3586 .24
3415 .97
3322 .27
3105 .67
2917 .41
2944 .57
2748 .40
6789 .19
9438 .08
4093 .40
4312 .06
4525 .87
6478 .47
4334 .79
3807 .96
3665 .41
3593 .72
3370 .04
3200 .65
3251 .48
3050 .06
7255 .92
9953 .77
4330 .00
4508 .61
4653 .02
5864 .15
7094 .34
6453 .37
4567 .30
4023 .45
3875 .55
3733 .84
3596 .97
3504 .19
3501 .28
3268 .84
7849 .29
1049 6.27
4538 .72
4731 .36
4852 .69
5541 .05
5527 .89
4824 .03
4524 .71
4261 .88
4075 .03
3899 .25
3836 .62
3801 .23
3800 .38
3531 .53
8740 .08
1097 5.42
5097 .70
5323 .76
5682 .93
6528 .21
6444 .35
5580 .44
5101 .00
4750 .33
4532 .04
4335 .76
5240 .28
7630 .63
8350 .15
8772 .91
1582 0.15
1209 5.91
6316 .22
6846 .30
6228 .87
6089 .24
6383 .19
7034 .62
6272 .22
5591 .79
5350 .04
5138 .45
7984 .06
1386 0.76
6763 .50
6523 .88
6246 .29
6276 .70
6497 .61
6700 .40
7071 .86
6953 .57
6344 .95
6029 .65
9977 .85
2136 1.52
1271 5.55
1207 8.92
1168 2.30
1156 7.38
1161 3.97
1166 4.67
1156 4.22
1190 7.72
1229 8.32
1184 3.49
1745 5.30
Moduli of subgrade reac tions ks

Max. = 21361.52 at node 1, Min. = 1310.48 at node 118
GEOTEC Softw are Inc

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10
317.4 [kN.m/m]
-1.3
41.6
50.3
-19. 8
-41. 4
17.5
14.0
-78. 6
-130 .1
-24. 4
55.6
-36. 4
-62. 6
34.1
59.1
5.1
-1.1
92.8
154 .9
-30. 3
-55. 3
58.4
97.7
-101 .8
-140 .3
-24. 0
151 .6
-64. 2
-62. 5
87.6
134 .3
-5.0
-0.2
94.8
136 .9
-13. 1
-56. 5
16.8
37.8
-106 .3
-141 .0
-46. 8
80.3
-66. 4
-45. 8
96.6
133 .3
-1.2
-0.6
90.7
105 .3
10.7
-67. 2
-68. 3
-69. 1
-112 .8
-135 .9
-85. 8
-52. 2
-77. 9
-21. 0
105 .3
127 .3
2.2
0.3
121 .0
220 .4
-9.1
-104 .5
-95. 9
-107 .7
-129 .6
-141 .0
-115 .1
-95. 4
-115 .0
-14. 0
168 .9
208 .3
-5.6
-1.0
73.9
94.6
15.9
8.5
8.2
7.2
115 .3
123 .1
0.0
-1.8
43.7
46.9
22.7
-4.8
-7.8
30.2
89.5
90.4
-2.4
-1.6
57.4
67.2
24.6
-1.8
7.0
-109 .7
-107 .0
-10. 7
39.1
27.2
112 .7
117 .8
0.2
-0.2
101 .3
165 .6
13.3
-1.0
-10. 0
-102 .0
-94. 5
21.5
-14. 0
4.5
182 .6
212 .1
-1.5
0.0
109 .7
193 .5
-4.8
15.8
15.5
-133 .7
-97. 0
12.5
-42. 9
-7.9
197 .0
235 .7
-3.3
-1.4
58.1
65.6
6.5
-97. 4
-142 .7
-172 .8
-317 .4
-146 .5
-123 .7
-54. 9
-39. 5
2.9
114 .5
121 .2
1.4
-2.3
35.3
28.7
-22. 9
-92. 5
-107 .7
-167 .1
-209 .6
-157 .5
-116 .7
-69. 1
-80. 9
-16. 7
74.9
84.5
-2.2
-1.3
33.2
25.6
-39. 9
-80. 7
-58. 5
-78. 7
-155 .1
-168 .2
-110 .8
-47. 0
-126 .5
-20. 2
48.6
67.2
-0.1
0.0
58.4
97.1
-57. 2
-79. 4
26.5
59.0
-129 .2
-166 .5
-97. 7
9.5
6.5
-0.7
58.6
100 .8
-51. 0
-65. 6
35.4
65.7
-106 .0
-156 .5
-91. 4
26.9
-6.1
-0.2
30.2
32.3
-30. 1
-44. 3
-2.3
-9.9
-78. 1
-143 .2
-93. 5
-20. 0
5.4
Moments mx [kN.m/m]
Max. mx = 235.7 at node 97, Min. mx = - 317.4 at node 76

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10
-1.3
41.6
50.3
-1.1
92.8
154 .9
-0.2
94.8
136 .9
-0.6
90.7
105 .3
0.3
121 .0
220 .4
-19. 8
-41. 4
17.5
14.0
-78. 6
-130 .1
-30. 3
-55. 3
58.4
97.7
-101 .8
-140 .3
-13. 1
-56. 5
16.8
37.8
-106 .3
-141 .0
10.7
-67. 2
-68. 3
-69. 1
-112 .8
-9.1
-104 .5
-95. 9
-107 .7
-129 .6
-24. 4
55.6
-36. 4
-62. 6
34.1
59.1
151 .6
-64. 2
-62. 5
87.6
134 .3
-46. 8
80.3
-66. 4
-45. 8
96.6
133 .3
-135 .9
-85. 8
-52. 2
-77. 9
-21. 0
105 .3
127 .3
-141 .0
-115 .1
-95. 4
-115 .0
-14. 0
168 .9
208 .3
115 .3
123 .1
-24. 0
-1.0
73.9
94.6
15.9
8.5
8.2
7.2
-1.8
43.7
46.9
22.7
-4.8
-7.8
30.2
89.5
90.4
-1.6
57.4
67.2
24.6
-1.8
7.0
112 .7
117 .8
101 .3
165 .6
13.3
-1.0
-10. 0
0.0
109 .7
193 .5
-4.8
15.8
15.5
-1.4
58.1
65.6
6.5
-97. 4
-142 .7
-172 .8
5.1
-5.0
-1.2
2.2
-5.6
0.0
396.7 [kN.m/m]
-2.4
+ve Moments mx
-ve Moments mx
-0.2
Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
-107 .0
-10. 7
39.1
27.2
-102 .0
-94. 5
21.5
-14. 0
4.5
-133 .7
-97. 0
12.5
-42. 9
-7.9
-146 .5
-123 .7
-54. 9
-39. 5
2.9
114 .5
121 .2
1.4
182 .6
212 .1
197 .0
235 .7
-1.5
-3.3
-2.3
35.3
28.7
-22. 9
-92. 5
-107 .7
-167 .1
-209 .6
-157 .5
-116 .7
-69. 1
-80. 9
-16. 7
74.9
84.5
-2.2
-1.3
33.2
25.6
-39. 9
-80. 7
-58. 5
-78. 7
-155 .1
-168 .2
-110 .8
-47. 0
-126 .5
-20. 2
48.6
67.2
-0.1
0.0
58.4
97.1
-57. 2
-79. 4
26.5
59.0
-129 .2
-166 .5
-97. 7
9.5
6.5
-0.7
58.6
100 .8
-51. 0
-65. 6
35.4
65.7
-106 .0
-156 .5
-91. 4
26.9
-6.1
-0.2
30.2
32.3
-30. 1
-44. 3
-2.3
-9.9
-78. 1
-143 .2
-93. 5
-20. 0
5.4
Moments mx [kN.m/m]
Max. mx = 235.7 at node 97, Min. mx = - 317.4 at node 76
-317 .4
0.2
-109 .7
ELPLA 10
364 [kN.m/m]
+ve Principal moments HM
-ve Principal moments HM
Principal moments HM [kN.m/m]

Max. HM = 311.9 at node 97, Min. HM = - 364.0 at node 76

Scale 1:80
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10
0.71.0
4.1
-11.4
2.9
7.0
-10.4
-28.3
1.8
-9.8
27.2
3.6
-7.11.7
Analysis of slab floor
-10.8
Beam- Bending moments Mb [kN.m]

Max. Mb = 27.2 at node 42, Min. Mb = - 28.3 at node 44

Scale 1:35
Title: Analysis of a slab floor
File: Floor
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Slab floor
2.0
1.3
1.9-0.9
8.5
-6.5
2.2 1.9
13.8
8.1
11.4
28.3 [kN.m]
5.3
ELPLA 10
Analysis of slab floor

1.0
4.1
-7.1
1.7
-11. 4
3.6
-28. 3
7.0
-10. 4
28.3 [kN.m]
0
-9.8
11.4
1.8
27.2
8.1
-10. 8
8.5
5.3
-0.9
13.8
Beam- Bending moments Mb [kN.m]

Max. Mb = 27.2 at node 42, Min. Mb = - 28.3 at node 44

Scale factor: 32
Title: Analysis of a slab floor
File: Floor
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Slab floor
ELPLA 10

X [m]
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
153 .7
200.0
Contact pres sure q [kN/m2]
250.0
300.0
350.0
390 .7
400.0
450.0
500.0
550.0
600.0
Horizontal section at y- c oordinate = 13.98 [m]
Contact pressure q [kN/m2]

Scale 1:100
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10

X [m]
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
-300.0
-250.0
-244 .1
-200.0
-150.0
-100.0
Moments mx [k N.m/m]
-74. 5
-50.0
-5.7
0.0
-1.2
24.5
26.4
50.0
32.1
63.8
58.8
63.2
100.0
150.0
145 .5
200.0
195 .2
250.0
Max./ Min. values of horizontal sections from y- coordinate=0.00 [m] to 13.98 [m]
Moments mx [kN.m/m]

Scale 1:100
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
ELPLA 10

X [m]
0.00
Horizontal section at y-coordinate = 13.00 [m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
-200.0
-160.0
-125 .2
-117 .8
-120.0
-118 .1
-109 .9
-80.0
-64. 8
-57. 2
-40.0
Shear Forces Q y [k N/m]
-35. 1
-33.
-32. 10
-25. 2
0.0
-13. 7
-18. 6
9.1
40.0
51.6
63.6
80.0
81.4
98.5
120.0
97.0
104 .8
160.0
200.0
240.0
Overlapping horizontal sections from y- coordinate=10.00 [m] to 13.98 [m]
Shear Forces Qy [kN/m]

Scale 1:110
File: Example
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
13.0
20.8
21.9
10.4
33.7
35.4
36.1
-18. 2
-10. 1
ELPLA 10
B1
B2
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]
GW
1. 50
B3
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]
1. 50
GA M = 1 9[k N/m 3]
1. 50
GA M = 1 9[k N/m 3]
1. 50
GA M = 1 9[k N/m 3]
2. 00
Tk = 2.20 [m ]
Tf = 2 .70 [m ]
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]
U
3. 80
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
4. 00
6. 00
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]

U
8. 20
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]

8. 00
GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
E = 2 200 0[k N/m 2]

fS
10 .00
W = 5 200 0[k N/m 2]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
10 .00
E = 9 500 [kN /m2 ]

U
12 .70
12 .00
W = 2 600 0[k N/m 2]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
E = 2 200 0[k N/m 2]

fS
14 .10
W = 5 200 0[k N/m 2]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
14 .00
16 .00
U, Si lt
E = 2 200 0[k N/m 2]
fS
fS, Fi ne sand
18 .20
W = 5 200 0[k N/m 2]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
18 .00
G, Gravel
E = 1 200 00[ kN/ m2]
G
20 .00
GEOTEC Software Inc

Scale 1:115
Titl e: Anal ysis of irregul ar raft on irregular subsoi l
File: Exampl e
Date: 14-06-2003
Page No.:
Project: Example
Boring Logs
W = 2 200 00[ kN/ m2 ]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
E = 1 200 00[ kN/ m2]

G
20 .00
W = 2 200 00[ kN/ m2 ]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
E = 1 200 00[ kN/ m2]

G
20 .00
W = 2 200 00[ kN/ m2 ]

GA M = 9 [kN /m3 ]
20 .00
ELPLA 10
B1
B2
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
GW
1 .5 0
B3
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
1 .5 0
GA M = 19 [k N /m 3 ]
1 .5 0
GA M = 19 [k N /m 3 ]
1 .5 0
GA M = 19 [k N /m 3 ]
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
U
3 .8 0
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
U
8 .2 0
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 2 20 00 [k N /m 2 ]
fS
1 0. 00
W = 5 20 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 9 50 0[ kN / m 2]
U
1 2. 70
W = 2 60 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 2 20 00 [k N /m 2 ]
fS
1 4. 10
W = 5 20 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 2 20 00 [k N /m 2 ]
fS
1 8. 20
W = 5 20 0 0[ kN /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
GEOT EC So ftwa re In c
PO Box 14001 R ichmond Ro ad PO, Calgary AB, Can ada T3E 7Y7
E = 1 20 00 0 [k N/ m 2]
G
Sc ale 1:100
Title: An alysis of irregular raft on irregu lar sub soil
File: Example
D ate: 14-06-2 003
Pa ge N o.:
Proje ct: Example
2 0. 00
Bo ring Logs
W = 2 20 0 00 [k N /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 1 20 00 0 [k N/ m 2]
G
2 0. 00
W = 2 20 0 00 [k N /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
E = 1 20 00 0 [k N/ m 2]
G
2 0. 00
W = 2 20 0 00 [k N /m 2 ]
GA M = 9[ kN / m 3]
ELPLA 10
B P N1
B P N1
E = 9 5 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
GW
1 .5 0
W = 2 6 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
1 .5 0
G A M = 1 9 [k N /m 3 ]
2 .0 0
Tk = 2 .2 0 [ m ]
S E = 0 .0 [k N /m 2 ]
Tf = 2 .7 0 [m ]
E = 9 5 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
U
W = 2 6 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
3 .8 0
G A M = 1 1 [k N /m 3 ]
4 .0 0
6 .0 0
8 .0 0
E = 2 2 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
fS
W = 5 2 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
1 0 .0 0
G A M = 1 1 [k N /m 3 ]
1 0 .0 0
1 2 .0 0
U , Sil t
fS, Fin e sa nd
L i m i t D e p th = 1 4 .0 0 [m ]
Z, R ock
1 4 .0 0
S V = 1 6 8 .2 [k N /m 2 ]
[SE]
1 6 .0 0
Stress d u e to
fou n d ation
[SV]
Stress from so il
w eig h t
1 8 .0 0
E = 1 2 0 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
Z
2 0 .0 0
G EO TEC Softw are In c

PO Box 1 400 1 R ich mo n d R oa d PO, C al g ary AB, Can a d a T3E 7 Y7
Scal e 1:11 5
Title: An irreg u lar ra ft on irreg u la r su b so il
Fil e: g b 7
D ate: Su n d ay, Jan u ary 1 1,
Pag e No .:
Proje ct: Meth o d 6
Boring Logs
W = 2 2 0 0 0 0 [k N /m 2 ]
G A M = 1 1 [k N /m 3 ]
2 0 .0 0
ELPLA 10
********************************************************************
Analysis of slab foundation
by the program package ELPLA
Version 10
********************************************************************
Title: An irregular raft on irregular subsoil

Date: Sunday, January 11,
Project: Method 6
File: gb7
Calculation method:
Modulus of compressibility
Program authors Prof. M. El Gendy/ Dr. A. El Gendy

http://www.elpla.com
geotec@geotecsoftware.com
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Loads
Page 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------Title: An irregular raft on irregular subsoil
Project: Method 6
File: gb7
Version 10
Calculation method:
L o a d i n g
Column Types (with the same properties):
----------------------------Group
Column
Column
No.
side
side
I
a
b
[-]
[m]
[m]
----------------------------1
0.00
0.00
----------------------------Point Loads:
------------------------------------------------------------Load
Column Types
Load
X-coord.
Y-coord.
No.
value
I
I
P
X
Y
[-]
[-]
[kN]
[m]
[m]
------------------------------------------------------------1
1
1265
1.5
1.4
2
1
1600
1.5
5.5
3
1
1350
1.5
9.9
4
1
1368
1.5
12.6
5
1
1560
5
1.4
6
1
1538
5
12.6
7
1
800
9.2
1.4
8
1
750
9.2
5.5
9
1
1565
9.2
12.6
10
1
2150
13.4
5.5
11
1
1450
13.4
9.9
Continue of table at next page
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Loads
Page 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------Continue of table
------------------------------------------------------------Load
Column Types
Load
X-coord.
Y-coord.
No.
value
I
I
P
X
Y
[-]
[-]
[kN]
[m]
[m]
------------------------------------------------------------12
1
1254
13.4
12.6
------------------------------------------------------------Moments Mx:
---------------------------------------------------Moment
Moment Value
X-coord.
Y-coord.
No.
Mx
X
Y
[kN.m]
[m]
[m]
---------------------------------------------------1
350
5
1.4
---------------------------------------------------Moments My:
---------------------------------------------------Moment
Moment Value
X-coord.
Y-coord.
No.
My
X
Y
[kN.m]
[m]
[m]
---------------------------------------------------1
500
9.2
5.5
---------------------------------------------------Line Loads:
-----------------------------------------------------------------Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
No.
start value
end value
start
start
end
end
I
PL
PL
x1
y1
x2
y2
[-]
[kN/m]
[kN/m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
-----------------------------------------------------------------1
89
89
10.5
4.8
15
2.8
------------------------------------------------------------------
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Loads
Page 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------Distributed Load (Rectangle):
----------------------------------------------------------Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
Load
No.
value
start
start
end
end
I
P
x1
y1
x2
y2
[-]
[kN/m2]
[m]
[m]
[m]
[m]
----------------------------------------------------------1
120
0
0
0.5
14
----------------------------------------------------------Loading Data:
Distribute column loads: (No)
Slab weight
Force on slab
Groundwater force
Total load (P = Pe + Pa - Pw)
Groundwater pressure on raft
Average contact pressure
Pe
Pa
Pw
P
Qw
Qo
[kN]
[kN]
[kN]
[kN]
[kN/m2]
[kN/m2]
=
=
=
=
=
=
Sum Mx from loads

Sum My from loads
Mx
My
[kN.m]
[kN.m]
= 7039.0
= -6683.3
Eccentricity of loading in X-direction

Eccentricity of loading in Y-direction
ex
ey
[cm]
[cm]
= -42.04
= 44.28
Moment of inertia of slab about X-Axis

Moment of inertia of slab about Y-Axis
Product of inertia
Area of the slab
Volume of the slab
Ix
Iy
Ixy
A
V
[m4]
[m4]
[m4]
[m2]
[m3]
=
=
=
=
=
0.0
17927.1
2031.2
15895.9
12.0
93.9
2923.08
3423.36
366.19
169.27
84.63
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc

-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
Page 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------Title: An irregular raft on irregular subsoil
Project: Method 6
File: gb7
Version 10
Calculation method:
Moments
---------------------------------------------------------------------Node No.
Moment
Moment
Moment
Principal
Principal
moments
moments
I
mx
my
mxy
mh1
mh2
[-]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
---------------------------------------------------------------------1
0.9
4.0
-11.6
14.2
-9.3
2
14.0
-1.1
-14.3
22.6
-9.8
3
-2.0
-2.5
-31.2
28.9
-33.4
4
-86.7
0.5
-33.5
11.9
-98.1
5
-121.7
-3.2
-15.0
-1.3
-123.5
6
-94.6
-1.2
-9.0
-0.3
-95.4
7
-109.9
3.1
-22.4
7.3
-114.1
8
-168.0
-3.4
-24.4
0.2
-171.6
9
-206.4
-4.4
-21.9
-2.0
-208.8
10
-58.9
1.8
-12.9
4.4
-61.5
11
8.6
-2.7
2.7
9.2
-3.4
12
-1.4
4.1
5.9
7.8
-5.2
13
-2.3
22.6
-24.4
37.5
-17.2
14
44.6
69.7
-27.8
87.6
26.6
15
67.1
105.6
-39.8
130.5
42.2
16
-107.8
54.1
-39.7
63.3
-117.0
17
-141.1
54.5
-19.8
56.4
-143.1
18
-54.3
118.2
-8.3
118.6
-54.7
19
-25.5
144.6
-28.2
149.1
-30.0
20
-197.2
50.2
-31.8
54.2
-201.3
21
-173.3
65.4
-15.7
66.4
-174.3
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
Page 5
---------------------------------------------------------------------Node No.
Moment
Moment
Moment
Principal
Principal
moments
moments
I
mx
my
mxy
mh1
mh2
[-]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
---------------------------------------------------------------------22
-82.8
73.7
-2.1
73.7
-82.8
23
44.5
99.1
13.7
102.3
41.2
24
-4.6
41.8
21.3
50.0
-12.9
25
-0.1
80.1
-40.6
97.1
-17.0
26
72.0
111.4
-41.1
137.3
46.1
27
58.5
94.6
-37.3
118.0
35.1
28
-109.4
38.6
-43.9
50.6
-121.5
29
-150.7
68.8
-49.5
79.4
-161.4
30
-58.0
131.9
-37.6
139.1
-65.1
31
-34.5
160.1
-26.6
163.7
-38.1
32
-171.5
130.3
-13.4
130.9
-172.1
33
-184.9
80.2
-4.4
80.3
-184.9
34
-94.7
94.1
1.9
94.1
-94.7
35
22.6
128.8
27.8
135.7
15.8
36
0.8
64.4
63.2
103.3
-38.2
37
-0.7
31.6
-36.3
55.2
-24.2
38
39.0
16.3
-36.5
65.9
-10.6
39
21.9
11.7
-35.3
52.5
-18.9
40
-58.6
17.3
-53.4
44.9
-86.2
41
-161.5
-1.7
-84.3
34.6
-197.8
42
-106.3
42.9
-83.0
79.9
-143.3
43
-129.7
68.8
-39.5
76.3
-137.3
44
-190.1
90.4
5.4
90.5
-190.2
45
-181.4
70.2
15.1
71.1
-182.3
46
-108.8
54.7
13.5
55.9
-109.9
47
-40.6
45.1
26.6
52.7
-48.2
48
-92.7
91.2
28.6
95.6
-97.0
49
39.0
-10.5
-31.8
54.6
-26.1
50
99.4
3.1
-17.2
102.3
0.1
51
106.0
1.5
-13.3
107.6
-0.2
52
-8.0
-4.8
-2.6
-3.4
-9.5
53
-2.1
26.4
-23.9
40.0
-15.7
54
41.8
14.2
-24.4
56.1
-0.1
55
28.8
-3.0
-39.3
55.2
-29.5
56
-37.2
-13.4
-63.5
39.3
-89.9
57
-125.4
0.0
-101.9
56.9
-182.3
58
-144.6
-2.1
-101.7
50.9
-197.5
59
-210.2
35.3
-72.4
55.1
-229.9
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
Page 6
---------------------------------------------------------------------Node No.
Moment
Moment
Moment
Principal
Principal
moments
moments
I
mx
my
mxy
mh1
mh2
[-]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
---------------------------------------------------------------------60
-235.2
72.6
22.2
74.2
-236.8
61
-168.2
60.7
28.1
64.1
-171.6
62
-116.5
45.9
26.5
50.1
-120.7
63
-52.4
44.7
25.9
51.2
-58.9
64
-41.6
62.5
13.0
64.1
-43.2
65
25.7
59.4
-11.6
63.0
22.1
66
118.4
59.0
-12.5
120.9
56.4
67
116.4
61.0
-20.1
122.9
54.5
68
-1.1
54.1
-12.9
57.0
-3.9
69
-1.3
83.1
-7.6
83.8
-2.0
70
64.6
61.6
-6.4
69.7
56.5
71
67.1
29.6
-35.0
88.1
8.6
72
-9.1
16.4
-63.9
68.8
-61.5
73
-92.4
-74.1
-108.2
25.4
-191.9
74
-152.4
16.3
-121.2
79.6
-215.7
75
-192.5
-9.5
-116.6
47.2
-249.2
76
-346.2
151.7
71.6
161.8
-356.3
77
-160.6
52.5
42.3
60.6
-168.7
78
-119.2
54.2
40.0
62.9
-128.0
79
-33.9
60.9
40.4
75.8
-48.7
80
-3.5
106.1
-6.0
106.5
-3.8
81
42.2
144.6
-3.6
144.8
42.1
82
151.2
140.6
-4.4
152.8
139.0
83
148.0
134.3
-30.6
172.5
109.9
84
2.2
158.1
-32.7
164.7
-4.4
85
0.3
178.1
0.5
178.1
0.3
86
115.0
227.7
1.8
227.7
115.0
87
195.8
245.1
-10.2
247.1
193.8
88
-14.4
105.2
-20.6
108.6
-17.8
89
14.7
72.9
-26.8
83.4
4.2
90
13.5
-8.7
138.4
141.2
-136.4
91
-137.8
54.7
57.4
70.5
-153.6
92
-89.3
74.0
32.8
80.4
-95.6
93
35.9
162.0
20.1
165.1
32.8
94
-8.8
163.3
-20.9
165.8
-11.3
95
27.1
199.3
-22.8
202.3
24.1
96
226.7
341.1
-22.7
345.5
222.3
97
256.9
390.1
-36.5
399.5
247.6
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
Page 7
---------------------------------------------------------------------Node No.
Moment
Moment
Moment
Principal
Principal
moments
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I
mx
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mh1
mh2
[-]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
---------------------------------------------------------------------98
-2.5
279.6
-40.2
285.2
-8.1
99
0.2
167.3
-1.6
167.3
0.2
100
106.6
195.4
-2.4
195.5
106.6
101
162.1
202.0
16.9
208.1
155.9
102
28.0
136.8
20.5
140.5
24.3
103
-1.3
93.7
9.1
94.6
-2.2
104
-9.2
-23.4
48.2
32.5
-65.0
105
-98.5
13.9
34.8
23.8
-108.4
106
-77.3
51.0
5.0
51.2
-77.5
107
46.8
118.0
-31.6
130.0
34.8
108
21.3
130.3
-35.7
140.9
10.7
109
31.7
176.8
-61.1
199.1
9.4
110
203.8
281.1
-62.6
316.0
168.9
111
227.7
318.9
-38.9
333.2
213.4
112
-0.6
258.4
-34.0
262.8
-5.0
113
-1.6
73.5
11.7
75.3
-3.4
114
63.1
56.6
9.5
69.9
49.8
115
66.0
35.7
23.7
79.0
22.7
116
43.2
58.2
26.9
78.6
22.9
117
-2.1
56.9
17.2
61.5
-6.7
118
0.8
10.9
22.1
28.5
-16.8
119
-96.8
-7.5
19.5
-3.5
-100.9
120
-78.5
-0.2
-0.8
-0.2
-78.5
121
34.8
-13.2
-55.2
71.0
-49.4
122
63.7
104.7
-69.7
156.9
11.5
123
38.0
95.0
-74.9
146.6
-13.6
124
127.1
78.9
-71.5
178.5
27.5
125
126.8
77.2
-53.5
161.0
43.0
126
5.4
123.7
-60.7
149.3
-20.2
127
0.0
29.4
32.5
50.4
-21.0
128
45.0
19.1
30.4
65.1
-1.0
129
68.2
15.7
20.5
75.2
8.6
130
35.7
16.0
10.3
40.1
11.6
131
-2.7
28.2
8.9
30.6
-5.1
132
-12.0
8.5
-48.3
47.6
-51.1
133
37.2
5.6
-51.4
75.2
-32.3
134
95.3
-2.4
-53.6
119.0
-26.0
135
101.8
-25.3
-56.7
123.4
-46.9
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
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Moment
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I
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[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
[kN.m/m]
---------------------------------------------------------------------136
-8.0
-95.7
-69.3
30.2
-133.9
137
-1.4
15.4
44.6
52.4
-38.3
138
50.4
12.2
38.5
74.3
-11.7
139
122.5
41.1
8.6
123.4
40.2
140
39.4
58.6
-5.9
60.2
37.7
141
6.4
56.2
5.6
56.8
5.8
142
4.8
-49.6
-61.5
44.8
-89.6
143
18.0
-19.1
-38.2
41.9
-43.0
144
84.1
-54.9
-32.0
91.1
-61.9
145
111.1
-58.9
-52.1
125.8
-73.5
146
0.4
-46.1
-60.9
42.3
-88.0
147
-1.4
98.2
29.8
106.4
-9.6
148
126.9
189.3
25.9
198.7
117.5
149
224.4
219.7
20.4
242.6
201.5
150
4.9
55.3
26.4
66.6
-6.4
151
-53.1
-29.7
48.7
8.6
-91.4
152
-109.0
2.8
38.4
14.8
-120.9
153
-146.7
-2.2
-4.8
-2.1
-146.9
154
-127.4
-0.4
-29.9
6.3
-134.0
155
-136.7
-2.2
-32.2
5.1
-144.0
156
-108.5
-3.3
-39.7
10.0
-121.8
157
-89.8
15.0
-78.8
57.2
-132.1
158
-96.2
-100.9
-115.6
17.0
-214.1
159
-44.6
-54.1
-68.1
18.9
-117.7
160
155.0
118.4
-47.9
187.9
85.4
161
198.5
160.0
-46.9
230.0
128.6
162
-6.1
17.3
-42.9
50.1
-38.8
163
-0.9
82.8
26.1
90.3
-8.4
164
99.8
61.4
27.8
114.4
46.8
165
116.2
34.8
40.9
133.2
17.8
166
26.1
56.7
54.5
98.1
-15.2
167
-51.2
41.5
60.1
71.0
-80.7
168
-58.9
13.4
38.5
30.1
-75.6
169
-75.6
-0.4
-5.3
0.0
-76.0
170
-127.2
-6.5
-31.0
1.0
-134.7
171
-145.7
-14.0
-25.9
-9.1
-150.6
172
-92.6
-24.5
-28.9
-13.9
-103.2
173
-51.4
-45.0
-65.4
17.3
-113.6
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
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[kN.m/m]
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[kN.m/m]
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---------------------------------------------------------------------174
-93.6
-26.6
-102.3
47.5
-167.7
175
-36.9
-4.5
-88.4
69.2
-110.6
176
92.6
-10.8
-69.0
127.1
-45.4
177
120.7
-9.8
-44.6
134.5
-23.6
178
1.9
19.1
-32.9
44.5
-23.5
179
-0.3
84.4
39.5
100.0
-15.8
180
104.9
113.1
40.4
149.5
68.4
181
149.5
128.9
38.1
178.6
99.7
182
1.6
92.8
43.2
110.0
-15.6
183
-43.2
95.9
54.5
114.7
-62.0
184
25.1
129.2
40.8
143.3
11.0
185
39.3
133.4
0.3
133.4
39.3
186
-110.0
79.9
-23.7
82.8
-112.9
187
-145.8
55.2
-19.4
57.1
-147.7
188
-50.0
85.6
-22.3
89.2
-53.6
189
78.3
120.0
-60.9
163.5
34.7
190
-79.3
55.0
-90.6
100.6
-124.9
191
-58.1
29.8
-78.5
75.8
-104.1
192
87.6
54.1
-59.6
132.8
8.9
193
129.0
57.8
-48.8
153.8
33.1
194
-1.2
17.0
-45.3
54.1
-38.3
195
-1.1
70.2
25.3
78.3
-9.2
196
102.9
136.5
27.0
151.5
87.9
197
168.6
172.1
39.6
210.0
130.7
198
-15.4
96.2
45.0
112.1
-31.3
199
-41.6
97.7
34.9
106.0
-49.9
200
69.0
168.2
21.8
172.8
64.4
201
103.9
190.9
12.6
192.7
102.1
202
-99.9
94.7
-0.7
94.7
-99.9
203
-140.8
65.6
-20.0
67.5
-142.7
204
-25.4
122.0
-37.6
131.1
-34.5
205
149.6
196.5
-49.0
227.4
118.8
206
-75.1
71.0
-59.9
92.4
-96.5
207
-71.7
41.7
-68.4
73.9
-103.8
208
81.8
94.8
-58.8
147.5
29.1
209
132.1
105.8
-38.4
159.6
78.4
210
-4.6
21.2
-27.8
38.9
-22.4
211
-0.9
2.9
15.5
16.7
-14.7
ELPLA 10
GEOTEC Software Inc
-------------------------------------------------------------------Moments
Page 10
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Moment
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---------------------------------------------------------------------212
52.2
-1.8
17.3
57.3
-6.9
213
65.5
-3.2
39.6
83.6
-21.3
214
-3.4
1.1
46.0
44.9
-47.2
215
-25.9
0.0
23.7
14.1
-40.0
216
30.5
-1.7
9.7
33.2
-4.4
217
23.3
-3.9
15.1
30.1
-10.7
218
-72.7
0.5
7.4
1.2
-73.5
219
-127.1
-1.2
-19.8
1.8
-130.1
220
-21.6
0.2
-42.8
33.5
-54.9
221
49.4
-4.4
-42.2
72.6
-27.6
222
-44.0
0.7
-44.5
28.2
-71.5
223
-69.7
-0.7
-62.6
36.3
-106.7
224
30.8
-0.8
-56.4
73.6
-43.5
225
60.0
-2.9
-30.7
72.5
-15.4
226
5.8
3.2
-16.0
20.6
-11.6
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ELPLA 10
33 Appendix: B - ELPLA File Extensions

The following tables list files that are read or created by ELPLA.
Table 33-1 Main data files
Filename
FIRMA.GEO
STEU.ELP
NOFORMAT.ELP
RFT.ELP
UNITS.ELP
PREFEREN. ELP
PLOTPAR.ELP
FONT.ELP
FONTFORMAT.EDT
NDISPLAY.ELP
LINEFORM.ELP
PAINT.ELP
ORDINATE.ELP
Contents
Firm header
Default directory for files that are saved by ELPLA
Number formats
Design code parameters
System of units
FE-Net and calculation preferences
Plot parameters
Font setting for graphics
Font setting for text editor
Data of display values
Line formats
Fill color data
Max. ordinate data
Table 33-2 Project data files

Filename
Contents
* .PO1
System data (Analysis of isolated raft)
* .PO2
System data (Analysis of system of rafts)
*. BAU
Soil properties
*. LDH
Data of the limit depth
*. PC1
Load data for slab and grid
*. PCF
Load data for plane frame
*. PCW
Load data for plane stress
*. PL6
Node coordinates and element connectivity
*. PL8
Slab boundary
*. GL1
Girder data (Part 1)
*. GL2
Girder data (Part 2)
*. P21
Data of slab properties/ levels/ coordinates
*. P23
Reinforcement data
*. P31
Data of supports/ boundary conditions for slab and grid
*. P61
Data of supports/ boundary conditions for plane frame
*. P71
Data of supports/ boundary conditions for plane stress
*. P35
Data of spring supports for slab and grid
*. P81
Data of spring supports for plane frame
*. P91
Data of spring supports for plane stress
*. P41
File of boring fields
*. PT1
Data of temperature change
*. PP1
File of neighboring foundations
*. PV1
Data of additional soil settlements
*. DSS
Net of soil elements in z-direction
*. PIL
Data of piles
ELPLA 10
Table 33-3 Intermediate result files

Filename
Contents
*. PL3
Indicators for old/ new nodes
*. PL4
Area around nodes
*. PL5
Node type and node art
*. PL7
Element areas
*. PL9
Node coordinates, element types and element groups
*. PC3
Groundwater pressure on the raft
*. PC4
Overburden pressure
*. PC5
Load vector (Part 1)
*. PC6
Load vector (Part 2)
*. PC7
Foundation properties
*. PC8
Average contact pressure, eccentricity and area of slab
*. PC9
Coordinates of element centers
*. P33
Vector of supports/ boundary conditions
*. PI1
Vector of contact pressures (Iteration method)
*. PI2
Flexibility band matrix (Iteration method)
*. PT2
Load vector due to temperature change
*. PP2
Load vector due to neighboring foundations
*. QUB
Main ultimate bearing capacity (qb)
*. PW2
Main moduli of subgrade reactions (kb)
*. GF1
Girder stiffness matrix
*. PE1
Soil stiffness matrix
*. PE2
Load vector due to reloading
*. PD1
Flexibility soil matrix for loading for raft
*. PD2
Flexibility soil matrix for reloading for raft
*ji. PD3
Flexibility coefficients of raft j due to contact pressures of raft i
*. FP1
Flexibility soil matrix due to end bearing of piles for loading
*. FP2
Flexibility soil matrix due to end bearing of piles for reloading
*. FP3
Flexibility soil matrix due to skin friction of piles for loading
*. FP4
Flexibility soil matrix due to skin friction of piles for reloading
*. FP5
Stiffness vector of piles
*. PF1
Slab stiffness matrix
*. PF2
Load vector from special cases
*. PG1
Deformation vector (w, x, y)
*. PS1
Deformations of the rigid raft (wo, tan xo, tan xo)
Table 33-4 Final result files

Filename
*. PT3
*. PP3
*. PV2
*. LD1
*. GH1
*. QUN
*. PW1
*. PH1
*. PH2
*. PH3
*. PH4
*. PH5
*. PH6
*. PH7
*. PH8
*. PH9
*. H10
Contents
Displacements due to temperature change (st)
Settlements due to neighboring foundations (se)
Load vector due to additional settlements
Limit depth
Internal forces of girders
Ultimate bearing capacities at nodes (qul)
Modulus of subgrade reaction (ks)
Settlements (s)
Contact pressures (q)
Moments (mx)
Moments (my)
Moments (mxy)
Shear forces (Qx)
Shear forces (Qy)
Settlements due to reloading (sw)
Overburden pressures (Qu)
Support reactions (V)
ELPLA 10
*. H11
Support reactions (My)
*. H12
Support reactions (Mx)
*. H13
Reinforcement of the slab (Asx1)
*. H14
Reinforcement of the slab (Asx2)
*. H15
Reinforcement of the slab (Asy1)
*. H16
Reinforcement of the slab (Asy2)
*. THX
Rotations about x-axis (x)
*. THY
Rotations about y-axis (y)
*. THZ
Rotations about z-axis (z)
*.U_X
X-Displacements in soil (u)
*.V_Y
Y-Displacements in soil (v)
*.W_Z
Z-Displacements in soil (w=s)
*.S_X
X-Stresses in soil (x)
*.S_Y
Y-Stresses in soil (y)
*.S_Z
Z-Stresses in soil (z)
*.TXY
XY-Shear stresses in soil (xy)
*.TXZ
XZ-Shear stresses in soil (xz)
*.TYZ
YZ-Shear stresses in soil (yz)
*.VAX
X-Strains in soil (x)
*.VAY
Y-Strains in soil (y)
*.VAZ
Z-Strains in soil (z)
*.VXY
XY-Shear strains in soil (xy)
*.VXZ
XZ-Shear strains in soil (xz)
*.VYZ
YZ-Shear strains in soil (yz)
*. PPU
Punching results
*. FP6
Settlement vector of piles
*. PEI
Pile loads and displacements
The asterisk (*) matches any filename with the specified extension.

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ELPLA 10 en

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ELPLA 10

GEOTEC Software Inc.

Description of ELPLA ........................................................................................................................... 2

ELPLA Editions ..................................................................................................................................... 2

ELPLA Standard Edition ............................................................................................................. 3

ELPLA Lite Edition ...................................................................................................................... 3

ELPLA Professional Edition ........................................................................................................ 3

File Menu ............................................................................................................................... 4

"Send to" Menu ........................................................................................................................ 4

"Print" Menu ............................................................................................................................. 9

Help Menu ........................................................................................................................... 12

Graphic- Options Command Group ..................................................................................... 16

Data- Options Command Group .......................................................................................... 18

Window Command Group ................................................................................................... 19

Other feature commands........................................................................................................ 22

ELPLA Button (FileMenu) .................................................................................................................. 23

"New Project" command ........................................................................................................ 24

Open Project" command ....................................................................................................... 24

Save Project As" command ................................................................................................... 25

File list" command ................................................................................................................. 26

"Combination of many projects" command ........................................................................... 27

"Calculation methods" command ........................................................................................... 28

"Project identification" command .......................................................................................... 36

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 40

FENet Generation Menu ....................................................................................................... 50

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 53

Important notes ...................................................................................................................... 57

"Redo" command ....................................................................................................... 22

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 59

"Spring Supports" command ............................................................................................................. 63

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 64

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 65

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 60

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 68

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 68

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 70

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 71

"Pile groups" command .......................................................................................................... 71

"Soil properties" command ............................................................................................................... 73

Soil properties for Simple Assumption Model ........................................................................ 73

Soil properties for Winklers Model ........................................................................................ 74

Soil properties for Isotropic Elastic Half-Space Model ............................................................ 74

Soil properties for Layered soil Model............................................................................................... 77

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 78

Data Command Group ......................................................................................................... 80

"Net of soil elements in z-direction" command ................................................................................. 83

"Limit depth" command .................................................................................................................... 84

"Foundation (Slab) properties" command......................................................................................... 84

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 85

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 86

Foundation (Slab) properties Command Group ...................................................................... 87

"Reinforcement data" command ...................................................................................................... 91

"Boring fields" command .................................................................................................................. 92

Graphically Command Group .............................................................................................. 93

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................... 95

Boring Fields Command Group ............................................................................................ 98

"Loads" command........................................................................................................................... 102

Graphically Command Group ............................................................................................ 102

In Table Command Group .................................................................................................. 109

"Using Formula Command .................................................................................................. 114

"Neighboring foundations" command ............................................................................................ 115

"Temperature change" command ................................................................................................... 115

"Additional settlements" command ................................................................................................ 115