Feed Ingredients & Feed

Preparation
Mae R. Catacutan
Nutrition and Feed Development Section
SEAFDEC/AQD
September 2, 2014

Lecture Outline
Part I. Feed Ingredients
Part II. Feed preparation

Part I. Processing of Feed Ingredients

Feed ingredients are processed for
suitable mixing with other feed
ingredients.
Processing requires machines and other
equipment.
Well Processed Ingredients = Good Quality Feed

Feed ingredients:
Animal sources (high protein & expensive)
- fish meal, small shrimps, squid meal, meat and
bone meal, blood meal
Plant sources
- soya meal, corn meal, rice bran, leaf meals, copra
meal, wheat flour

Feed Ingredients available/comes in

different forms:
Powder = protein sources, flours, starches
Grains = wheat, soybean
Pellet form = distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS)
Moist = molasses
Flakes = defatted soybean meal
Oily
= oil or lipid sources
Viscous liquid = soy lecithin

Feed Ingredients are Pre-Processed

Extraneous materials are removed such
as sand, stones etc.
Moisture brought down to less than 10%
to avoid growth of microorganisms

Feed ingredients are further processed :

- for suitable mixing
- ease in pelleting & extrusion
- improve palatability or acceptability
- to remove anti-nutritional factors
(ANFs)
(ANFs diminish the effectiveness of a feed ingredient)

In-activation of ANFs
INGREDIENT

ANFs

Processing
Method

Soybean

Trypsin inhibitor

Moist heat

Ipil-ipil leaves

Mimosine

Soaking in water

Beans

Tannins

Dehulling

Cassava leaves processed into cassava meal

Cassava leaves

Nutrients in Cassava leaves

Crude protein
Crude fat
Carbohydrate

Picture by N.V.Golez

18 - 27.8 %
3.6 %
43 - 58 %

Processed Feed Ingredients

Right as received, Left after passing 40 mesh size sieve

Other Feed Components

binder

micronutrients
(vitamins & minerals)

attractant

Lipid Sources in Aquafeed

Sinking pellets,
(produced by SEAFDEC Small-Scale Feed Mill)

Diameter 2 mm, Length, 10 mm

Diameter 2 mm, Length, 30 mm

Diameter 4 mm, Length, 10 mm

A good Feed is :

stable in the water

digestible
homogeneous
acceptable
nutrients in adequate
amount

Feed Preparation is similar to cooking

our food.
Requires heat & containers for mixing.

(by N. V. Golez)

Important Points in Feed Preparation

Almost uniform sized feed ingredients are
weighed according to the formulation
Mixing- protein sources are mixed first, then
other ingredients are added except for the
binder
Binder (flour or carbohydrate) is cooked and
added to the mix

Steps in Aquafeed Preparation

Weighing
Mixing
Steaming
Pelleting or Extruding
Drying
Packing & Storage

Weighing feed ingredients based on

formulation

Label - feed
ingredients

Mixing mix first big quantity feed

ingredients in the feed formula

ingredients in big quantities are usually protein sources

Mixing mix separately small quantity feed

ingredients before adding to the mixer

mix small quantity feed ingredients in

a beaker (vitamins & mineral mix)

add small amount of the first

mixture to the beaker and mix

Mixing

lipid sources

after all dry ingredients

has been mixed, add the
lipid source/s

Cooking flour or the binder

add cooked breadflour to mixer

mix at slow speed

Check the mix- for water content

check mix by hand

if dry, add water gradually
check again for right
amount of moisture
for easy pelleting

Pelleting- dough-like feed mix passes

through certain die diameter

feed ready for extrusion

2mm die diameter

Steaming 3-5 min

Steaming cooks further the

carbohydrate and makes pellet
water stable

Steaming and Drying

removing from the steamer

steamed pellets into drying tray

Dried feed

moist feed compared to dried feed

uncut dried feed

Dried feed

uncut dried feed, cut feed & extruded feed with uniform size

Feed as Finished
product

Equipment/Machines for feed manufacture at

SEAFDEC
Laboratory Scale
100g - 8 kg

Pilot Scale Feed Mill

Pelletizer, 2 T/day
Extrusion Machine 200kg/hr

Feed Preparation

Machines/Equipment for making

feed
Flaking machine

- flake feed

Pelleting machine

- sinking feed

Extrusion machine - floating/sinking feed

Flaking Machine for larval feed

(SEAFDEC/AQD)

Ingredients storage
Pelleting Machine at SEAFDEC/AQD

Thank you
for your attention