In Plane Loaded Glass Panes

in Faades

Presentation for:
Date:
By:

GPD 2005
19th June 2005
Ir. Edwin M.P. Huveners

Department Architecture, Building and Planning

19 June 2005

Group Structural Design and Construction

Tampere, Finland

In Plane Loaded Glass Panes

in Faades

Subject:

Temperature Loads in Fixed

Bonded Glass Panes

Department Architecture, Building and Planning

19 June 2005

Group Structural Design and Construction

Tampere, Finland

Outline presentation

Introduction
Joint design
Temperature load
Conclusions

Department Architecture, Building and Planning

19 June 2005

Group Structural Design and Construction

Tampere, Finland

19 June 2005

Introduction

Introduction

Joint design

Temperature load

Conclusions

19 June 2005

Introduction

Introduction

Joint design

Glass is a popular building material

Temperature load

Conclusions

Tendency to use glass more and more as

structural material
From tertiary elements to
secondary/primary building elements

19 June 2005

Introduction

Joint design

Introduction
Principle of shear wall

Temperature load
Fx
Fx

Conclusions

internal hinge
Fx

frame
glass pane

glass pane

frame

19 June 2005

Introduction

Introduction

Joint design

Research objective
Temperature load

Conclusions

Investigating to the connection between

glass pane and faade frames, which is able
to transfer in-plane load.
internal hinge
Fx

glass pane

frame
7

19 June 2005

Introduction

Introduction

Joint design

Bonding technique
Temperature load

Conclusions

Continuous fastening system bond line

Spread out stress

19 June 2005

Introduction

Introduction

Joint design

Temperature load

Conclusions

Fixed bonded glass panes introduce

additional in-plane loads
So, the glass pane has also to resist load case
temperature (in this presentation)

19 June 2005

Introduction

Joint design

Joint design

The joint has to fulfil some requirements

Temperature load

Conclusions

Mechanical
Resist several mechanical loads
Temperature
Manufacturing
Bond line in factory
Assembling at construction site
Construction

10

19 June 2005

Introduction

Joint design

Joint design

wb

t
tb

Conclusions

t = wb

Temperature load

tb

tb

bond line
1

bond line
2

tb

wb

bond line
11

19 June 2005

Introduction

Temperature load

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Temperature/mechanical load
Balance between reducing stresses due to
temperature load and transferring
mechanical load in plane

12

19 June 2005

Introduction

Temperature load

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Analytical research
Uniformly distributed temperature
Local interaction between considered
glass pane with bond line and infinite stiff
surroundings (no change of temperature)

bond line

rigid surroundings

t = wb

tb

bond line

glass pane

13

19 June 2005

Introduction

Free expansion

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

dy

T = Te T0

i = T
y
z

dz

dx

li = T li

- uniform strain in all directions

- deformation is size dependent
- no stress
- no distortion

14

19 June 2005

Introduction

Completely enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load
E,
Txy

Conclusions

t
w

y (+v)
z (+w)
x (+u)

Prevented in two
directions:

TE
9
=
T
(1 )
11
x = y = 0, z = T

x =y =

15

19 June 2005

Introduction

Completely enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Magnitude of stress is size independent in

both directions
Tensile stress is restricted by the utmost
tensile strength
Compression stress is restricted by (plate)
buckling
No shear stress
Bond line is not infinite stiff
16

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

k3
k2

Conclusions

wb

k1
lb

tb

17

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

tb

k1

E,
Txy

k1

y (+v)

k1

k1
t

Conclusions

k1

k1

Temperature
load

bond line

z (+w)
x (+u)

k1
w

k1

k2 and k3 are both zero in this consideration

18

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Stiffness:
- based on linear relation between stress and
deformation (spring)
k1 =

Ea
tb

k 2 = k3 =

Ga
tb

19

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Some assumptions:
- no contact problem
- no stability problem of the pane
- unchanged stiffness

20

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19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

TEk1 (2 Ew + k1wh + k1wh )

x = 4 E 2 + 2 Ek h + 2 Ek w + k 2 wh 2 k 2 wh
1
1
1
1

( T ,k1 ,h, w)

TEk1 (2 Eh + k1wh + k1wh )

y =
2
2
2
+ 2 Ek1h + 2 Ek1w + k1 wh 2 k1 wh
4
E

u=

v=

x
k1

y
k1

Temperature stress is linear relation

21

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

T=20C

Temperature
load

Stress [N/mm ]

Conclusions

-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2 0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Square size [mm]

k1 = 10 N/mm

k1 = 100 N/mm

k1 = 1000 N/mm

k1 = 10000 N/mm
22

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19 June 2005

Flexibly enclosed
h = 2w

Introduction

T=20C,kk1
k1
=1000
10 N/mm
T=20C,
100
N/mm
T=20C,
N/mm
1 ==

Temperature
load

h=w

Joint design
y (+v)
z (+w)
x (+u)

y (+v)
z (+w)
x (+u)
w

-20
2

Stress [N/mm 2]

Conclusions

-15
-10
-5
0

500
500

x = x (h = w)

1000

1500

2000
2000

2500

3000

Size w [mm]

x (h = 2w)

y (h
(h == 2w)
2w)
y

9/11T
9/11T
23

19 June 2005

Introduction

Flexibly enclosed

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Magnitude of stress depends on:

Size
Stiffness
Temperature

No distortion (shear), because k2 = 0 N/mm3

24

12

19 June 2005

Introduction

Joint design

Influence of shear
T = 20C, k2 = 100 N/mm3, k1 = k3 = 0 N/mm3

Temperature
load

Conclusions

25

19 June 2005

Introduction

Joint design

Influence of shear
T = 20C, k2 = 1000 N/mm3, k1 = k3 = 0 N/mm3

Temperature
load

Conclusions

26

13

19 June 2005

Introduction

Influence of shear

Joint design

Temperature
load

Conclusions

Distortion (shear)
Centre of edge no shear and increases to the
corners
Size dependent
Influence the normal stresses
Complex stress behaviour (FEM)

27

19 June 2005

Introduction

Conclusions

Joint design

Temperature load

Conclusions

Temperature load has great influence on the

glass pane
Stiff bond line leads to high stress
Complex stress behaviour (combination k1
and k2)
Especially in the neighbourhood of the corner

28

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19 June 2005

End of presentation

Questions ?

Department Architecture, Building and Planning

Group Structural Design and Construction

29

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