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Ideological parties
a. Opposite Extreme from the machine
b. Values principle above all else
c. The most firmly Ideological parties have been independent 3rd
parties
d. There have been ideological factions within the 2 major parties
e. During 50s and 60s
i. Called reform clubs w/in R and D parties
ii. Based on a generalized sense of liberalism or conservatism
f. During 60s and 70s
i. Became more focused social movements
ii. Generalized ideology of the clubs was replaced by the specific
ideological demands of single-issue activists
g. In many places the party has become a collection of people drawn
from various social movements
h. Internal factionalism is more intense
i. the freedom of action of the party leader is greatly reduced
2. Ticket splitting
a. Supporting a president from one party and members of Congress from
the other
b. Rose b/w 1952 and 1972 hovered around 25%
c. Was greatest in the South, yet still common everywhere
d. Creates Divided government [The white house and congress are
controlled by different parties]
e. Progressives persuaded states to adopt the office-bloc ballot in place
of the party-column ballot
i. Office-bloc ballot lists all candidates by office
ii. No way to vote a straight party ticket by making one mark
3. Natl conventions manage party affairs How?
a. Natl conventions determine the allocation of delegates
b. Determine the demographics of the delegates
c. Rules were created on the Natl level in order to increase the influence
of elected officials
4. Progressives and history of political party
a. Mugwumps, reformers
i. Opposed to the heavy emphasis on patronage
ii. Disliked party machinery b/c it permitted only bland candidates
to rise to the top
iii. Fearful of the heavy influx of immigrants into American cities
and ability of the party regulars to organize into machines
iv. Wanted to see the party take unpopular positions
b. Began to espouse measures to abolish political parties
c. Main Goal: reduce substantially the worst forms of political corruption
and ultimately to make boss rule in politics difficult if not impossible
5. Plurality System
a. An electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the
most votes, even if he/she doesnt get the majority
b. Used in almost all American elections
c. Winner-take-all
19.