Types of Epithelial

Tissues

Morphology/Description

Location

Function

-single layer of flat cells

-centrally located nucleus

-lines heart, blood and lymph vessels

-air sacs of lungs
-glomerular (Bowmans) capsule of
kidneys
-inner surface of tympanic membrane
(eardrum)
-epithelial layer of serous membranes,
such as peritoneum

-filtration
-diffusion
-osmosis
-secretion of serous membranes

-single layer of non-ciliated rectangular cells

-nuclei near the base of the cells
-contains goblet cells in some locations
-contains microvilli

-lines the gastrointestinal tract from

stomach to anus
-ducts of many glands and gallbladder

-secretion and absorption

-single layer of ciliated cells

-nuclei near base of the cells
-contains goblet cells in some locations
-no microvilli

-lines a few portions of upper respiratory

tract
-uterine (Fallopian tubes)
-some paranasal sinuses
-central canal of spinal cord

-move muscles and other

substances by cilliary action
-secretion?

-2 or more cell layers

-cube-shaped/column-shaped

-ducts of adult swear and oesophageal

glands
-part of male urethra

-protection
-limited secretion
-absorption

Stratified Squamous -several layers of cells

Epithelium
-cuboidal/columnar in deep
-squamous in superficial layers
-cells from basal layer replace surface cells as they are
lost

-keratinised variety forms superficial

layer of skin
-non-keratinised variety covers wet
surfaces (mouth, tongue, oesophagus,
part of epiglottis and vagina)

-protection

Simple Squamous
Epithelium

Simple Columnar
Epithelium

Ciliated Simple
Columnar
Epithelium

Stratified
Cuboidal/Columnar
Epithelium

-not truly stratified

-nuclei of cells are at different levels
-all cells are attached to basement membrane, but not all
reach the surface

-lines the airways of most of upper

respiratory tract

-secretion and movement of

mucus by ciliary action

-appearance varies (transitional)

-shape of cells in apical (furthest from attachment) layer
ranges from squamous when stretched and cuboidal
when relaxed

-lines urinary bladder

-portions of ureters and urethra

-permits distention

-secretory products released into ducts, then surfaces,

cavities

-sweat, oil/earwax glands of skin

-digestive glands (salivary glands and
pancreas)

-produce mucus, sweat, oil,

earwax, saliva or digestive
enzymes

-secretory products (hormones) diffuse into blood after

passing through interstitial fluid

-pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid and -produce hormones that regulate

adrenal glands
various body activities
-pancreas
-ovaries
-testes
-thymus

Psuedo-stratified
Columnar
Epithelium

Transitional
Epithelium

Glandular
Epithelium (Exocrine
gland)

Glandular
Epithelium
(Endocrine gland)

Connective Tissues
Type of
tissue
(connective)

Morphology/Description

Location

Function

-consists of fibers (collagen, elastic and reticular)

-consists of several kind of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages,
plasma cells, adipocytes and mast cells) embedded in a
semifluid ground substance

-subcutaneous layer deep to skin

-papillary (superficial) region of
dermis of skin
-lamina propria of mucous
membranes
-around blood vessels

-stretch
-elasticity
-support

-matrix looks shiny white

-consists mainly of collagen fibers arranged in bundles
-fibroblasts present in rows between bundles

-forms tendons (attach muscle to

bone)
-most ligaments (attach bone to
bone)
-aponeuroses (sheet-like tendons
that attach muscle to muscle or
muscle to bone)

-provide strong attachment between

various structures

-consists of predominantly freely branching elastic fibers

-fibroblasts present in spaces between fibers

-lung tissue, trachea, bronchial

tubes, true vocal cords, walls of
elastic arteries, suspensory pigment
of penis and ligament flava between
vertebrae

-allows stretching of various structures

Areolar
Connective
Tissue

Dense
Connective
Tissue

Elastic
Connective
Tissue

-consists of adipocytes (cell specialised to store fats) as large

centrally located droplet
-nucleus and cytoplasm peripherally located

-subcutaneous layer deep to skin

-around heart and kidneys
-yellow bone marrow
-padding around joints
-behind eyeball in eye socket

-reduces heat loss through skin

-serves as an energy reserve
-supports and protects
-brown adipose tissue in newborns
generates considerable heat to
maintain body temperature

-consists of a network of interlacing reticular fibers and

fibroblasts

-stroma (supporting framework) of

liver, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone
marrow, reticular lamina of the
basement membrane

-forms stroma of organs

-binds together smooth muscle tissue
cells
-filters and removes worn-out blood
cells in spleen and microboes in lymph
nodes

Adipose
Connective
Tissue

Reticular
Connective
Tissue

Muscle
Tissue
Nervous
TIssue

Types of Junctions
Type of Cell Junction
Tight Junction (zonula occludens)

Function
-forms seal between cells

Adherens Junction (zonula adherens)

-anchoring cells

Desmosome
Hemidesmosome

-anchoring cells
-anchoring cells

Gap Junction

-provide channels that allow ions/molecules to pass

(communication)