Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
and Communication
Lecture 1
Overview
Digital Representation
• Audio
• Image
• Video
• Geometry
Need of Compression
Also,
Rd = 1 – 1/ Cr
Rd = Relative data redundancy
• Loss-less Compression
Information can be compressed and
restored without any loss of information
• Lossy Compression
Large compression, perfect recovery is
not possible
Symmetric
• Same time for compression (coding) and
decompression (decoding)
• Used for dialog (interactive) mode applications
Asymmetric
• Compression is done once so can take longer
• Decompression is done frequently so should be fast
• Used for retrieval model applications
• Coding
Variable length coding with shorter codes
for frequent symbols
• Interpixel
Neighboring pixels are similar
• Psychovisual
Human visual perception - limited
Image
Histogram
Image
High interpixel correlation
Histogram
• Coding redundancy
Variable length coding
• Interpixel redundancy
Run length coding
Predictive coding
a1(0.2)
Sort in
probability a3(0.2)
a4(0.1)
a5(0.1)
Special Module on Media Processing and Communication http://www.it.iitd.ac.in/sil864.html Slide 14
Image Compression
Variable Length Coding (Huffman Coding)
Example:
Sort
a2 (0.4)
a1(0.2)
a3(0.2)
a4(0.1)
a5(0.1)
a2 (0.4)
a1(0.2)
a3(0.2)
a4(0.1) 0.2
a5(0.1)
0.4
a2 (0.4)
0.2
a1(0.2)
0.2
a3(0.2)
a5(0.1)
a5(0.1)
00111010001
Example
input: AAABBCCCCCCCCCAA
output: A3B2C9A2
• Psychovisual redundancy
• Keep more important information
• Trade off between loss (degradation) and compression
• Recall Quantization
Discrete value to represent range of values
Irreversible operation
Information loss !
• Predictive Coding
• Transform Coding
Continuous
Discrete
Slide 7 Lecture 1
Special Module on Media Processing and Communication http://www.it.iitd.ac.in/sil864.html Slide 28
Image
2D function f(x,y)
x
Sampling: Discretization in x and y Quantization
Slide 16 Lecture 1
Special Module on Media Processing and Communication http://www.it.iitd.ac.in/sil864.html Slide 29
Video
Video is a sequence of images in time
Image
(Frame)
Time
Slide 23 Lecture 1
Special Module on Media Processing and Communication http://www.it.iitd.ac.in/sil864.html Slide 30
Graphics
Slide 26 Lecture 1
Special Module on Media Processing and Communication http://www.it.iitd.ac.in/sil864.html Slide 31