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This figure shows that the bolt was found out of position after the crane transmission
jumped out of gear dropping a heavy load.
Suggested action:
As the nut and bolt are tightened, the two plates are clamped together. The
thread angle in the bolt converts the force applied into tension (or stretch) in
the bolt shank. The amount of the tension created in the bolt is critical.
A bolt tensioned properly works at its optimum efficiency and will resist
coming undone. However, if the tension is too low, the nut could vibrate or
work loose. If the tension is too high (overstretched), the bolt could break.
When threaded fasteners are utilized, the amount of tightening or bolt torque
is often important. Figure 10 shows a view of a failed wheel stud compared to
a new one. This bolt failed as a result of insufficient torque. Figure 11 shows a
part of the stud that was bearing on the wheel rim causing severe wear of the
thread, another indicator of insufficient bolt torque.
FIGURE 10
Figure 11
Suggested Action
Every bolt has a correct optimum torque/tension figure for each fastening
application. It is important to have these figures available so that the end
product will be safe, efficient and economical.
FIGURE 12
Suggested action:
A better design would be to utilize a bolt with a shorter threaded section so that the
unthreaded shank material is at the shear area of the bracket. This eliminates the
stress riser from the threaded section and increases the effective bolt diameter.
FIGURE 17
Suggested Action
Links
http://www.mountztorque.com/blog/apply/improper-torque-loose-screws-cause-criticalcostly-issues/
http://www.croberts.com/bolt.htm
http://www.boltscience.com/pages/Failure%20Modes.swf