Select the perfect

light diffuser
possibilities
inventory

Foto IPV Delft

practical examples

PYRASIED

diffusers

PYRASIED Diffuser Company is specialised in plastics

that make light diffuse. Our diffuser materials offer an
optimum balance between high light transmission*
and excellent dispersion of light - without the lights
becoming distractingly visible, of course. The quality
of our plastic diffusers is exceptional because of the
use of nanotechnologies, precision processing and
the very best additives and raw materials. These pure
nano-additives are crucial to the optimum balance
between light transmission and diffusion. With our diffusers, you get minimum light loss, maximum bespoke diffusion and colour purity.

Wide assortment
Since there are so many different applications and so
many different light sources with a very diverse range
of light spectra, angles of egress and temperatures,
we have put together a broad range of diffusers with
disparate characteristics and properties. Nearly every application comes with its own requirements and,
with our collection, we offer you the desired flexibility.

This documentation provides a complete overview of

in making the proper selection. On page 20, youll

our entire assortment of diffusers. Weve worked on

find three frequently occurring practical examples

this enthusiastically for seven years!

with the proper solution.

To maintain an overview in our wide assortment, we

Quality and research

distinguish among:

PYRASIED Diffuser Company has its own technical light

Standard collection (good properties, the most fa-

laboratory and test environments. We use these to

vorable price)

inspect the quality of the diffusers (light colour, dif-

Professional collection (above-average quality,

fusion and transmission) in each batch or series of

good price)

production.

Advanced collection (optimised diffusers with the

very best properties, the highest efficiency and a

Recommendations

corresponding price)

Naturally, we are glad to provide you with all possible support to find the appropriate solution. Need

Differing material properties

advice? Then please feel free to contact us by telep-

The diffuser collections consist of various materials,

hone on +31 587676100 or mail us at sales@pyrasied.nl.

namely acrylic, polycarbonate and PETG.

We can help you quickly.

These plastics have considerably differing properties, so that you can always satisfy the requirements

Sied Kooistra

demanded by a given application. The diffusers are

kept in inventory in various thicknesses, light transmissions, diffusion factors, shapes and surface types.

*At page 19 of the brochure youll find a summary

The decision trees on page 12 are there to assist you

and explanation of the terms used.

Which material to use?

Photometric properties

Standard collection

Professional collection

Advanced collection

10

Decision tree

12

Optical plastics

14

Light guide plates

15

Diffuser tubes

16

Round rod Ghost

17

Additional services

18

List of terms

19

Practical examples

20

Also good to know

22
3

Wh ich m a t e r ia l t o u s e?

The choice is simple: acrylic

We distinguish between two types of acrylic: extruded

and is not UV-resistant of itself. Thickness tolerances

Since acrylic has the best photometric properties, our

acrylic and cast acrylic. A significant advantage of

are quite small since polycarbonate is extruded.

principal is: always acrylic. Acrylic (PMMA) has an ex-

extruded acrylic is that it barely has any thickness to-

tremely high rate of light transmission and is 100% co-

lerance.

When do we use PETG?

lourless. It is stable under the influence of UV, colour-

An advantage of PETG (Vivak ) is that fewer toxic ga-

fast, resistant to temperatures of up to 80 C, fairly rigid

So when do we advise polycarbonate?

ses are released in the event of a fire than with po-

and resistant to many chemicals. Another of acrylics

Polycarbonate (Makrolon ) can be considered when

lycarbonate. At Schiphol airport, only PETG may be

advantages is that it can be produced in small quan-

youre looking for material that is impact-resistant. Or

used. PETG is excellent for fairly low-temperature for-

tities, offering flexibility. Acrylic is durable and recycla-

when a fire classification of EN 13501 Bd1s0 is re-

mation without pre-drying. This is a huge advantage.

ble. It has a fire classification of E in accordance with

quired. In contrast to acrylic, polycarbonate can be

However, the temperature for use is also quite low:

EN13501. Acrylic burns without forming smoke.

bent when cold and can resist higher temperatures

70 C is the limit.

- up to 120 C. Polycarbonate is less rigid than acrylic

Interior applications

impact-resistant, fire
classification BS1d0

polycarbonate
PETG

minimal thickness
tolerance

structural
application

acrylic XT
polycarbonate

cast acrylic
thickness > 10mm

Decision tree for material selection

4

Exterior applications

food

PETG

airports

PETG

impact-resistant, fire
classification BS1d0

minimal thickness
tolerance

polycarbonate UVP
PETG UVP

acrylic XT
polycarbonate UVP

structural
application

cast acrylic
thickness > 10mm

P h ot ome t r ic p r o p e r ti es

When selecting the proper light diffuser, both material

more about this in the practical examples on page

properties and photometric properties are important.

20.

Graphs half-peak divergence angle

Here we speak of light transmission, diffusion and efficiency. Before presenting the various diffusers, we

Efficiency

would like to explain these concepts briefly. Page 19

The efficiency of the diffuser is the degree of light

contains a list of definitions with more technical ter-

transmission multiplied by diffusion. The greater the

minology.

number, the more efficient the diffuser. This aligns with

our objective: the greatest possible light transmission

Light transmission

and the greatest possible diffusion.

Light transmission (the degree of opacity) is the

amount of light that is measured on the side of the

Half-peak divergence angle

diffuser opposite the light source. Maximum light

What is the importance of this? With illuminated ad-

transmission is 92%. The loss of 8% is related to reflec-

vertising, we always want to have the advertisement

tion losses that light encounters upon entering and

be easily observed. This means that the half-peak di-

exiting the surfaces. These losses can be reduced by

vergence angle must be as large as possible (see

anti-reflective surface treatments.

graph 1). But with lighting, we want the light to shine

Graph 1. Large half-peak divergence angle Pyraled ST1

only in the precise location where we want to have

Diffusion

it - i.e., a limited half-peak divergence (see graph 2).

The most prevalent requirement for diffusion (disper-

The half-peak divergence angle is also very impor-

sion of light) is that we dont want to see the small

tant when establishing UGR values. This is a standard

points of light created by LEDs. But this is not enough!

with which lighting must comply. Using several diffu-

The light surface must also be uniform. You can read

sers contributes to achieving the proper UGR norm.

Graph 2. Limited half-peak divergence angle Pyraled ST6

5

Stand a rd c o lle c t io n

Light diffusers are nothing new, of course. The classic

of these common types is also quite favourable. In

Assortment

opaline sheets are light diffusers that have been used

addition to opaline sheets, this range also includes

Table 1 provides a complete summary of the standard

since the middle of the previous century - in light

diffusers that are not made of opal, but that provide

diffusion assortment that we keep in inventory for you.

boxes, for example. The often-used (light box) opaline

limited diffusivity due to their surface structure (satin-

The assortment includes sheets of extruded acrylic

sheet has light transmission of around 30% and good

finish or matte). The primary purpose of these diffusers

(XT), cast acrylic (GS), polycarbonate and PETG. Ver-

diffusion. This is fine for classic light sources and suf-

is to avoid direct bright observation of the light source

sato is our own brand name for cast acrylic. Primo

ficient installation depth. These classic opaline sheets

and, often, to provide the light source with protection

is our brand name for extruded acrylic (XT).

will certainly remain in our assortment and we call

or to make it watertight.

them our standard diffusers. We have even added

sheets to this standard collection, namely: additional
thicknesses of opaline polycarbonate with 30% light
transmission. One advantage of these sheets is that
they are white when the light is turned off. The price

BENEFITS
good diffusivity
stays white when the light is off
most favorable price
6

Luminaire of Spinlight

Luminaire of IDFRM

Table 1. Standard collection

Type number

*Available to 20mm thick

Thickness Light transmm

mission %

Diffusivity

Efficiency

Half-peak divergence angle

Impact
resistant

UV stable

Fire classification
EN.13501

Thickness
tolerance

Material

Surface

cast acrylic

satin/satin

acrylic XT

satin/satin

Versato 145.10000*

88

0,26

23

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

Primo XT 245.10000

87

no pigment

reasonable

high

small

Versato M21000

87

0,34

29

11

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PETG clear satin

85

no pigment

10

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

PETG

satin/satin

Versato 145N2*

72

0,47

34

20

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

Makrolon GP2150

50

0,70

37

46

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

Versato 433 AS*

38

0,91

34

54

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

gloss

Versato 433 AS

37

0,95

35

54

reasonable

high

0.8mm +/-

cast acrylic

gloss

Versato 433 AS

36

0,90

32

55

reasonable

high

0.9mm +/-

cast acrylic

gloss

PC OP NU499 UV

36

0,90

33

54

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

PC OP NU499 UV

36

1,0

34

53

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

PC OP NU499 UV

36

0,90

34

50

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

PC OP NU499 UV

30

0,90

28

52

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

Makrolon GP 130

30

0,80

25

54

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss

Vivak 2130 UV 30

30

0,90

26

54

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

PETG

gloss

Primo XT N385

30

0,98

30

55

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

gloss

Primo XT N385

30

1,07

32

54

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

gloss

Primo XT N385

28

1,32

37

56

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

gloss

Primo XT N385

22

1,70

38

45

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

gloss
7

Pr ofessi o na l c o lle cti o n

Recent improvements in diffusers have been ac-

The optimisation from standard to professional lies

Assortment

celerated by the emergence of more efficient light

mainly in the composition of the additives. These na-

Type PyraLed RG is a pure and cost-effective me-

sources, changed societal viewpoints (sustainability

no-additives make the sheet more efficient - either

dium transmission sheet that is very suitable for use

and energy-saving) and technological innovations

by allowing more light to be transmitted with equiva-

in light boxes in which LEDs are placed around the

such as extremely precise process control and nano-

lent diffusivity or, indeed, with the same light transmis-

light box. The satin-finish surface on the inside ensures

technology. Professional diffusers offer more diversity

sion but achieving improved diffusivity compared to

excellent dispersion of the light: diffusivity is excellent,

than standard diffusers. The purpose of these impro-

standard diffusers. This means either increased light

as is transmission. The PyraLed 3 has become a clas-

vements is mainly to find the right balance between

efficiency with equivalent input or equivalent light ef-

sic. This sheet is slightly bluish, as we have used a so-

transmission and diffusion. This means diffusers with

ficiency with decreased input. An efficiency advan-

called brightener. The 1113QN is a type that is often

40-60% light transmission instead of the 30% from

tage: lower investments and lower operational costs.

used in luminaires - warm white, double-sided satin-

Other great advantages of using nano-addi-

finish surface, and with a nice balance between dif-

standard diffusers.

tives are colour purity and stability.

fusion and transmission.

Professional collection

BENEFITS
efficiency advantage
Standard collection

Materials research of Pyraled 3 by Beersnielsen

colour purity
colour stability

Table 2. Professional collection

Chandeliers Rijksmuseum by Bronnenberg

Type number

*Running out of stock

Thickness Light transmm

mission %

Diffusivity

Efficiency

Half-peak divergence angle

Impact
resistant

UV stable

Fire classification
EN.13501

Thickness
tolerance

Material

Surface

PyraLed RG

60

0,73

44

38

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

2 types of satin

PyraLed RG

52

0,90

47

43

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

2 types of satin

PyraLed 4

60

0,75

45

45

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/gloss

Setaled

60

0,65

39

34

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

gloss/gloss

PyraLed 1113QN

59

0,68

40

36

reasonable

high

0.7mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PyraLed 1113QN

53

0,65

35

39

reasonable

high

0.8mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PyraLed 1*

53

0,80

41

to be measured

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss/gloss

PyraLed 1

55

0,80

45

to be measured

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss/gloss

PyraLed1 UV

42

0,90

37

to be measured

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate matt/gloss

PyraLed1b UV*

42

0,80

35

to be measured

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate gloss/gloss

PyraLed 3

10

30

0,78

23

73

reasonable

high

1.4mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PyraLed 3

20

18

0,65

12

45

reasonable

high

2.6mm +/-

cast acrylic

satin/satin

A d v a nce d c o lle c t ion

The advanced diffusers have the best quality. This

in ceilings with backlighting. The

quality can be found in the score for variable effici-

special microstructure of the

ency, a multiplication of transmission and diffusion.

surface contributes to this types

In short, the most light transmission and the best dif-

perfect appearance. This diffuser

fusion. There are also advanced diffusers made of

is also recommended as a front

acrylic or polycarbonate.

sheet for light-conducting plates.

Bayers Makrolon DX series is the very

The very best additives are used in the advanced

best quality polycarbonate diffuser. We keep

diffusers. In the OPY series made under our direction,

all of the types indicated in stock. The DX series

nano-additives are used that range in size between

is extremely suitable for use in lighting and illumina-

50 and 100 nm. The method for dissolving these par-

ted advertising. In exterior applications, you do need

parking garages and public transportation stations.

ticles and keeping them in solution requires extremely

to use a UV-stabilised version. The DXAR8141 type of

Warm and Cool tints are distinguished throughout the

stringent process control; our producer succeeds in

light diffuser is the only one with a scratch-resistant

entire Makrolon DX range. We recommend using

this magnificently.

layer that is also UV-stabilised and very chemical-re-

cool white LEDs. For coloured LEDs, warm is better.

sistant. So graffiti can be easily removed: practical in

This yields a purer representation of the colour and

such critical environments such as football stadiums,

less whitening. The Makrolon Lumen series is not yet

Advanced diffuser assortment

PyraLed OPY2 and OPY3 are the best that is available in cast acrylic. PyraLed ST6 is an extruded acrylic, i.e. without thickness tolerance, and of very good

in stock but can be supplied. These polycarbonate

BENEFITS

quality. This diffuser is particularly suitable for use in

highest efficiency

backlit light boxes - as a front sheet - or as a sheet

best diffusion/diffusivity
colour purity and stability

10

diffusers have high light transmission but low diffusivity and are therefore particularly suitable as diffuser
sheets in front of a light guide plate.

Table 3. Advanced collection

Type number

Thickness
mm

Light transmission %

Diffusivity

Efficiency

Half-peak divergence angle

Impact
resistant

UV stable

Fire classification
EN.13501

Thickness
tolerance

Material

Surface

PyraLed ST6

1,5

89

0,49

43

33

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

matt/gloss

PyraLed ST6

88

0,60

53

33

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

matt/gloss

PyraLed ST6

79

0,55

43

33

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

matt/gloss

PyraLed OPY2

10

83

0,48

40

25

reasonable

high

1.4

cast acrylic

gloss/gloss

PyraLed OPY2 BS

75

0,55

41

26

reasonable

high

0.9

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PyraLed OPY2 BS

10

67

0,58

39

28

reasonable

high

1.4

cast acrylic

satin/satin

Makrolon DX141

1,5

76

0,78

59

39

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX141

63

0,82

52

60

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX139

1,5

65

0,89

58

76

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX139

58

0,89

52

75

high

no

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX UV 1141

1,5

76

0,77

59

47

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX UV 1141

63

0,78

49

60

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX UV 1139

1,5

65

0,89

58

76

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX UV 1139

58

0,81

47

75

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

Makrolon DX UV NR141

1,5

74

0,73

54

about 47

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

matt/gloss

Makrolon DX UV NR141

60

0,77

46

about 60

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

matt/gloss

Makrolon DX UV NR139

1,5

67

0,92

62

about 76

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

matt/gloss

Makrolon DX UV NR139

57

0,86

49

about 75

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

matt/gloss

Makrolon DX UV AR8141*

60

0,80

48

about 75

high

high

Bs1d0

0.1mm +/-

polycarbonate

gloss/gloss

PyraLed ST1

61

0,75

64

50

reasonable

high

small

acrylic XT

matt/gloss

PyraLed OPY3

10

39

0,77

30

57

reasonable

high

1.4

cast acrylic

gloss/gloss

PyraLed OPY3 BS

57

0,86

49

47

reasonable

high

0.7

cast acrylic

satin/satin

PyraLed OPY3 BS

10

37

0,80

29

60

reasonable

high

1.4

cast acrylic

satin/satin

Luminiair of Spinlight

*With scratch resistant layer

11

Deci sion t r e e f o r illu m i n ate d adv e r ti s i n g / s i g n s

Back Lighting

close to LEDs

Edge Lighting

more depth

diffuser

edgelit

Side Lighting

light guide plate

PyraLed OPY1
high thickness
PyraLed OPY2 10mm
PyraLed OPY2BS 10mm
PyraLed OPY3 10 mm
PyraLed OPY3BS 10mm
PyraLed3 10mm
PyraLed3 20mm

high diffusivity

impact resistant PCNU499UV

fire classification PyraLed1
BS1d0 PyraLed ST1
Vivak (airports)
exterior
Primo XT N385
application PCNU499UV
PyraLed ST1
Versato 433
PyraLed3
PyraLed OPY3 10 mm
PyraLed OPY3BS 10mm
low price
Primo XT N385
PCNU499UV
PyraLed1
PyraLed1113QN

12

LightPlex

high transmission

minimal
PyraLed RG
thickness
Primo XT N385
tolerance PCNU499UV
PyraLed1
PyraLed ST1

medium-high transmission
medium-high diffusivity

minimal PyraLed RG
thickness tolerance PyraLed1

minimal
PyraLed ST1
thickness PyraLed RG
tolerance PyraLed ST6
Makrolon DX

impact resistant PyraLed1

fire classification
BS1d0

impact resistant Makrolon DX

fire classification PyraLed1
BS1d0

exterior PyraLed RG
application PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN

exterior PyraLed ST1

application PyraLed RG
PyraLed ST6
PyraLed OPY2 (BS)
PyraLed OPY3 (BS)
Makrolon DX
low price Versato 145 N2
M21000
145.10000
245.10000
PyraLed RG
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed1113QN

low price PyraLed RG

PyraLed1
PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN

Deci sion t r e e f o r lu m i n ai r es

Back Lighting

flat luminaires

medium-high transmission
medium-high diffusivity

minimal PyraLed RG
thickness PyraLed1
tolerance
impact resistant PyraLed1
fire classification
BS1d0
exterior PyraLed RG
application PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN
low price PyraLed RG
PyraLed1
PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN

Edge Lighting

line luminaires

diffuser

edgelit
PyraLed OPY1

directional diffusers
(lightshaper)

Makrolon SX
Luminit foil
PYR-CDP 3A
PYR-DDP 2A

Side Lighting

light guide plate

LightPlex

diffusers
distance
between LEDs
> 10mm

medium-high transmission
medium-high diffusivity

minimal PyraLed RG
thickness tolerance PyraLed1
distance
between LEDs
< 10mm

medium-high transmission
medium-high diffusivity

minimal PyraLed RG
thickness tolerance PyraLed1
impact resistant PyraLed1
fire classification
BS1d0
exterior PyraLed RG
application PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN
low price PyraLed RG
PyraLed1
PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN

high transmission

minimal
PyraLed ST1
thickness PyraLed RG
tolerance PyraLed ST6
Makrolon DX
impact resistant Makrolon DX
fire classification PyraLed1
BS1d0
exterior PyraLed ST1
application PyraLed RG
PyraLed ST6
PyraLed OPY2 (BS)
PyraLed OPY3 (BS)
Makrolon DX

impact resistant PyraLed1

fire classification
PCNU499UV
BS1d0
exterior PyraLed RG
application PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN
low price PyraLed RG
PyraLed1
PyraLed3
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed 1113QN

low price Versato 145 N2

M21000
145.10000
245.10000
PyraLed RG
SetaLed
PyraLed4
PyraLed1113QN
13

O pt ica l p la s t ic s

Another group of optical plastics consists sheets that

cation, but is visually disruptive. De-glaring sheets are

Luminit foil

give light a specific direction or that multiply light

sheets that limit the lights shining in order to minimise

Luminit foil is a light-shaping material on a polycar-

sources. We carry a number of products in this type

this dirty light. CDP and DDP are both de-glaring

bonate substrate. The microstructure works as a lens

of material, from producers including Jungbecker,

sheets, either 2 or 3 mm thick, made of clear structu-

and changes the parameters of the light bundle. This

Bayer and Luminit.

ral pressed acrylic.

way, circular bundles can be transformed into an

oval. Or a bundle of light can be bent to a 20-de-

Deglaring platen (Jungbecker)

X-diffuser Makrolon SX

gree angle. These foils are very promising. The 20

Glare is dirty light. A light source placed further out

Our Makrolon SX diffuser is an exceptionally succes-

light bender is in stock. Sample materials are availa-

and that shines too broadly is distracting: this dirty

sful example of directed diffusion. Ideal for use with

ble for other types that can be supplied from factory

light does not contribute to the light

LED strips to convert light points into a single straight

stock.

needed in the (work) lo-

line.

Table 4. Optical plastics

Type number

Thickness
mm

Function

Impact
resistant

UV stable

Fire classification
EN.13501

Thickness
tolerance

Material

Surface

PYR-CDP 3a

deglaring

reasonable

n.a.

small

cast acrylic

structure

PYR-DDP 2a

deglaring

reasonable

n.a.

small

cast acrylic

structure

Makrolon SX

1,45

x-direction

reasonable to be measured

Bs1d0

1.4mm +/-

polycarbonate

structure

Luminit foil

0,3

20 light deflection

n.a.

to be measured

Bs1d0

small

polycarbonate

structure

Welle corrugated sheet

2,8

optical corrugated sheet

high

yes

Bs1d0

1.4mm +/-

polycarbonate

hexagon structure

14

Li ght gu id e p la t e s

against each other. This can be accomplished without a noticeable seam of light. A suitable diffuser,
such as the the PyraLed ST6, is required. In this manner, light tracks of unlimited length can be made.
LightPlex is supplied without LEDs. We deliver exclusively to professionals in the lighting, signing and interior construction sectors. These professionals have the
necessary knowledge and experience in the area of
LightPlex by Everseen lichtreklame

light sources and power supplies. We are glad to pro-

LightPlex is a light-conducting plate, also called a

The LightPlex sheet guarantees the highest light ef-

vide advice, of course. LightPlex is made of cast

light guide plate (LGP). This is a sheet that emits light,

ficiency and the most perfect uniformity of all LGP

acrylic and therefore has a thickness tolerance. The

i.e. a light source. LEDs are placed at the butt end;

technologies currently available. The material does

complete product datasheet for LightPlex can be

the light runs through the plate and is reflected out-

not turn yellow and is exceptionally durable. Because

downloaded from our website.

ward through a pattern of points, so the light comes

the sheet is perfectly clear, the colour that the sheet

from the surface. A self-learning computer program

emits is exactly the colour of the illuminating LEDs. So

is used to beam the points into the sheet such that

this makes it very suitable for RGB.

the light sheet lights up uniformly. In short, the selflearning algorithm performs calculations for each se-

LightPlex can be made in sizes up to 2000 x 2000

parate size, also taking the placement of the LEDs

mm, in thicknesses from 4 - 15 mm. Larger swathes

into account and the way in which the points must be

of light - with LEDs on two sides - can be made by

placed for a truly uniform result.

placing LightPlex sheets with their polished butt ends

LightPlex by Multiapplicator Bobis Engineering BV

15

D i f fuser t ub e s

Our diffuser range consists of both sheets and tubes.

We have three variants of tubes that make light diffuse. XT satin is a right opal tube with a very beautiful
satin-finish surface. XT opal is an opal tube with a
glossy surface. The PyraLed diffuser tube is made of
light satin polycarbonate, very suitable for luminaires
and for lighting applications where impact-resistant
material is important. This is a range that is still under
development, which means that changes to the assortment are possible. The diameters shown in table
5 are currently in stock. Diffuser tubes are not suitable
for exterior applications.

Table 5. Pyraled diffuser tube matt

Saxion Hogeschool by Proliad LED Lighting

Table 6. Satin tube

Table 7. Opal tube

Outer
diameter

Wall thickness in mm

Light transmission %

Material

Outer
diameter

Wall thickness in mm

Light transmission %

Material

40mm

82

acrylic XT

50mm

34

acrylic XT

50mm

81

acrylic XT

60mm

34

acrylic XT

60mm

81

acrylic XT

70mm

34

acrylic XT

70mm

81

acrylic XT

80mm

34

acrylic XT

80mm

81

acrylic XT

100mm

34

acrylic XT

90mm

81

acrylic XT

120mm

34

acrylic XT

100mm

81

acrylic XT

150mm

34

acrylic XT

120mm

81

acrylic XT

200mm

34

acrylic XT

Outer
diameter

Wall thickness in mm

Light transmission %

Material

70mm

2,5

65

polycarbonate

150mm

81

acrylic XT

300mm

about 30

cast acrylic

120mm

2,5

65

polycarbonate

160mm

81

acrylic XT

400mm

about 30

cast acrylic

150mm

65

polycarbonate

20mm

81

acrylic XT

500mm

about 30

cast acrylic

200mm

65

polycarbonate

250mm

81

acrylic XT

610mm

about 30

cast acrylic

250mm

65

polycarbonate

300mm

81

acrylic XT

610mm

about 30

cast acrylic

16

R o un d ro d Gho s t

Amsterdam Light Festival, picture Janus van den Eijnden

Ghost round rod is a lighting conductor, an edge-lit

the sides. Ghost round rod can be used beautifully

round rod. By shining light on the upper and/or lower

as a lighting rod in display windows, in works of art,

edge of the rod, the entire rod lights up to a length

decors, banisters, balustrades and furniture. The rod

of max. 1m.

is clear and transparent when the light is off. Ghost

The Ghost round rod is made of cast acrylic and

round rod can be supplied currently in 20mm and

contains nano-additives that not only conduct light

40mm diameters.

Decor by Invent Design

throughout the entire rod, but also make it glow along

Table 8. Round rod Ghost

Diameter

Material

Surface

Impact
resistant

Fire classification
EN.13501

20mm

acrylic XT

gloss

reasonable

40mm

acrylic XT

gloss

reasonable

E
17

A d d i t ion a l s e r vic e s

We would be glad to turn our semi-finished product

done perfectly. No uncertainty in the supply chain.

We have 30 years of experience in fabricating plas-

into a three quarters finished product or a final pro-

We work as partners, constructively and with open

tics. In both large one-off productions and in recurring

duct for you with our modern machines. We can take

communication. For us, additional services are an

high-quality series work. We have an extensive fleet of

care of all processing with a rapid laser, various CNC

extension of our standard task as a distributor. We gu-

machines and wide-ranging knowledge about fabri-

milling machines, bending equipment, ovens, poli-

arantee that the right semi-finished products are in

cation possibilities and material properties.

shing lathes and gluing technologies. This, together

our warehouse in the right quantities.

with our extensive inventories, makes PYRASIED Diffuser

Company a reliable, expert link in your supply chain.

Ultimately, you want the perfect material for your product with as little cost and effort as possible. And you
want it delivered on time, custom-made or processed
into a final product, packaged tidily, inspected and
possibly numbered. For us, this is no problem. PYRASIED Diffuser Company makes sure that everything is

Table 9. Additional services for each type of material

18

Material

Cutting

Milling

Lasering

acrylic XT

cast acrylic

polycarbonate

PETG

Bending

Cold
bending

Glueing

Drilling

Faceting

Polishing

Matting

Printing

Li s t of t e r ms

Aufheller (brightener) an additive that makes the sheet appear brighter.

Backlit the light source is behind the diffuser sheet.
Diffusivity the degree to which the light is dispersed.
Thickness tolerance a difference in the thickness within a sheet. For A-quality cast acrylic, the norm is +/- 0.4 mm +10% nominal thickness,

so a 10-mm plate runs from 8.6 to 11.4 mm. Within a single sheet!

Edgelit the light source is placed on the edge of the sheet and shines into the sheet (see LGP).
Efficiency the degree of diffusion multiplied by the average degree of light transmission across the spectrum.
Extrusion a continuous production process in which the sheet comes out of a flat extruder and is then formed to the proper thickness/shape.
Cast acrylic

acrylic made by hardening between glass sheets.

Glare dirty light. A light source placed further out and that shines too broadly is distracting:

it does not contribute to the light needed in the (work) location, but is visually disruptive. Related to the concept of URG.

Half-peak angle

the optical angle with respect to the perpendicular which reduces the light beams strength to 50% of the perpendicular angle.

of divergence
LGP light guide plate a transparent plastic sheet into which a pattern has been beamed, so that light introduced by LEDs on the side is allowed to radiate

uniformly across the surface of the entire plastic sheet (see LightPlex on page 15).

Lightshaping a microstructure that works as a lens and changes the parameters of the light bundle.
Nano-diffusers diffusers whose diffusivity is caused by light-dispersing particles smaller than 100nm.
Side-lit

this term is used when the light source(s) are placed behind and to the side of the sheet. The heart of the light bundles shines parallel to

the diffuser sheet. Often used for double-sided light boxes or boxes with limited installation depth. Also for shallow furniture.

Transmission

for lighting, the amount of light that gets through the diffuser; in other words, the amount measured on the side of the diffuser opposite the

light source. Often displayed as a graph over the spectrum of visible light.

UGR norm

Unified Glare Rating - a measure of direct blinding by luminaires. Established in EN 12464-1.

19

Pr a ct ical e xa mp le s

Example 1: the installation depth is 10 cm; fire safety class B must be met; the material must be UV-stable;
the work must be done as energy-efficiently as possible. White LEDs are used, 5000 K. Appearance must
be uniform. The surface is 1000 x 1000mm, horizontal.

Elaboration: in order to comply with the requirements

of fire safety class B, UV-stabilised polycarbonate is
required. For maximum energy efficiency, an advanced diffuser is required with the highest efficiency.

matt side

difuser DX NR139 1,5mm

Efficiency = transmission x diffusion, i.e. the highest

transmission with the best diffusion yields the highest
B (10cm)

score. Simple and effective. So we select a diffuser

from the DX series. Type DX 1139 and type DX NR139

A (9cm)

(1 side matt) satisfy the requirements. A thickness of

backing (wood/alu) with the light sources

1.5 mm with an area of 1000 x 1000mm will sag. So

the best is a 3-mm matt. Even if this sags slightly, you
wont see it because of the matt surface. Therefore:

or LED points must therefore be no more than 9cm

with LEDs in a matrix. Its easier to achieve a uniform

PyraLed type DX NR139. This has a diffusivity score of

apart.

distribution by using Light Guide Plates (LGP, such as

0.92. The definition is D = A/B, where A is the distance

Please note: often, LEDs on an LED strip are close to

LightPlex). They are also very thin (minimum 4mm thick

between the light sources (LED lines count as a sin-

each other. To achieve uniform surfaces, this is not at

LGP), with less loss but often with higher costs. (LGPs

gle light source!!!) and B is the distance between the

all necessary. Its best to keep the distance between

are part of our delivery assortment, with maximum

back of the sheet and the light source. So A = D x B

the LEDs the same as the distance between the strips.

sizes of 2000 x 2000 or 1500 x 3000 in 1 laser surface

or, in other words, A = 0.9 x 10 = 9cm. The LED lines

20

A (10cm)

For this reason, PCBs are often used instead of strips,

with optimisation.)

A (9cm)
backing (wood/alu) with the light sources

Example 2: LED strips at a distance of 10cm from each other. The set-up must be as thin as possible. Light
efficiency is not that important, nor is efficiency: it must be cheap and uniform. The surface is vertical, the

A (10cm)

front of a bar.

Elaboration: if its not too rough a bar, a 5-mm thick-

This has a diffusivity factor of 1.70 in a 5mm

ness can be used. If things can get rough there, 10-

thickness. According to the formula D = A/B,

mm thick material is advisable. Extruded acrylic is

we get 1.70 = 10/B or, in other words, the

cheap. Since light efficiency is not important, we will

distance to the rear of the plate must not be

use a type with optimum diffusion: the Primo XT N385.

less than 6cm.

A (10cm)
B (6cm)
back side bar
(wood/alu)

difuser XT N385
B (6cm)

back side bar

(wood/alu)

difuser XT N385

Example 3: impact resistance is not important, nor is fire safety compliance. But we do want an extremely
efficient solution, preferably as flat as possible. PCB LED boards are used with a point-to-point distance in
the matrix of 4cm. The light colour of the diffuser must be neutral and must be suitable for RGB. It is practical to have a material without thickness tolerance. The size is 600 x 600mm.

Elaboration: an extruded acrylic can be used, as

tance between the rear of the diffuser and the light

this has little tolerance. The PyraLed ST6, with a thick-

source and A is the distance between the light sour-

ness of 2mm, is particularly suitable. The PyraLed RG

ces and D is the diffusivity factor, the distance to the

3-mm type (not yet available in 2-mm thicknesses!)

rear of the plate is: 4/0.6, or 6.7 cm. If we use RG with

is slightly less efficient but is cheaper. Lets calculate

a diffusivity of 0.73, then the distance will be 4/0.73,

both. The ST6 has a diffusivity score of 0.60. So, ac-

or 5.5cm. However, the transmission of the ST6 is more

cording to the formula B = A/D, in which B is the dis-

than 40% higher and will therefore give more light

with less whitening of the RGB.

A (4cm)

A (4cm)
B (5,5cm)
PyraLed RG 3mm
B (6,7cm)
B (5,5cm)
PyraLed RG 3mm
PyraLed ST6 2mm
B (6,7cm)

21

A l s o goo d t o k no w

Our assortment: choices made when putting

How are the measurements performed?

angle. We then proceed to measure at an increasing

together the range

We measure light transmission with a spectrophoto-

declination toward the plate. The half-peak divergen-

PYRASIED develops its own diffusers together with plas-

meter. The result of the measurement is displayed

ce angle is the point at which we measure 50% of

tics producers. We have these manufactured for us.

graphically: transmission vs. wavelength (colour) of

the original light intensity.

Manufacturing is done in Europe, China and Indone-

the light. The graph shows the percentage of the light

sia. In addition, we purchase diffusers that manufac-

- distributed across the visible portion of the spectrum

Remarks about the methodology

turers sell in their standard assortments. Bayer is an

- that comes through the sheet. We measure diffu-

All measurements are performed to the best of our

example of this. Extensive research is done into pro-

sion (dispersion of light) with a set-up using points of

knowledge and ability. However, no rights may be de-

duction techniques and additives. Our knowledge in

light. The primary requirement for diffusion is that we

rived from this. For this reason, its important that you

the area of plastics production helps here, as does

dont want to see the points of the LEDs. But that is not

yourself test whether the diffuser is suitable for your

our own lighting laboratory. PYRASIED Diffuser Com-

enough! The light surface must also be uniform. For

application. Proper measurement of transmission, dif-

pany has a (almost) complete overview of all diffusers

this, more distance to the light source is required. If

fusion and half-peak divergence is more difficult than

that can be produced and supplied worldwide. We

the distance between the light sources is A and the

you might first think. Since the plane of the lights inci-

know all the manufacturers in Europe and the largest

distance between the light sources and the sheet is

dence is equal to that of the measurement surface

manufacturers around the world. We have managed

B, then the diffusion is D = A/B. So the closer you can

in our spectrophotometer, a highly diffusive material

to put together an exceptionally broad range be-

get the sheet to the light source while maintaining

will always show a high level of light loss outside the

cause we conduct a double strategy: both custo-

uniform lighting, the higher the diffusivity.

measurement surface and will therefore appear to

mer-specific production and purchasing of standard

Please note: for LED strips, this is the distance between

let less light through than is actually the case for the

materials. We have excellent relationships and direct

the LED strips!

sheet. For sheet material with no diffusing additives

access to nearly all of the important manufacturers.

To measure the half-peak divergence angle, we first

- i.e., with only a diffusive surface - you can expect

Our current diffuser assortment is unique in Europe in

measure the light intensity perpendicular to the diffu-

that the transmission is roughly equivalent to that of

terms of size, completeness and deliverability.

ser, with a light source behind it. This is the reference

the same material without structure. Measurements

22

reveal that this is not the case, due to the same ef-

a 3-mm thickness is DIFFERENT from 87% transmission

Important: with extruded materials, transmission nearly

fect. Materials with additives that increase diffusivity

in a 10-mm thickness. Surface structures generally

always decreases with an increase in thickness. This is

also score lower with a satin-finish surface than do

result in measured transmission loss. By contrast, the

because they are produced from the very same ba-

identical materials with a glossy surface. For acrylic,

increase in diffusion is quite real! Thicker plates also

sic material. With cast acrylic, the recipe has chan-

92% is the maximum, unless the sheet is given a very

result in measured transmission loss while, in reality,

ged and the transmission generally depends on the

advanced anti-reflective coating such as with the

this is actually far less so! The measurement of dif-

thickness!

Optium type.

fusivity was done by eye, with various observers and

one and the same procedure. The variations among

Guarantees

The light transmission of cast acrylic sheets is inde-

the observers turn out to be rather large. We have not

All materials we supply are guaranteed for their ma-

pendent of their thickness. If 10 g of diffusion additive

performed any statistical analysis that would justify a

terial properties as can be found in the datasheets

is added for each mm of thickness in a 5-mm thick

statement about the reliability intervals of the measu-

for acrylic, polycarbonate and PETG. Our factories

sheet, then this addition will be 5 g per mm in a 20-

rement data.

generally provide guarantees of at least 10 years. In

mm thick sheet. Nonetheless, measurements show

For the determination of efficiency: both underlying

the context of technical lighting properties, the reten-

that differing thicknesses still yield differing transmis-

variables were given equal weighting. We have no

tion of colour purity, transmission and diffusion are, of

sion values. Thickness influences the measurement.

reason to have either of these be weighted differently

course, important. These are covered by the 10-year

For unambiguous statements about transmission, dif-

from the other. We are open to substantive contribu-

guarantee.

fusion and half-peak divergence angle, materials of

tions.

equal thickness and surface structure must be com-

The selection table and the measurements are im-

Samples and mock-ups

pared. The measurement results are shown as care-

portant tools for selecting the material likely to be the

We have sample chains available, selected by ma-

fully as possible in the tables. But do take note: 87%

most suitable. However, never install without doing a

terial sort, but also from the standard, professional or

transmission in a satin finish is DIFFERENT from 87%

1:1 test.

advanced collections. Care to request these? Then

transmission in a glossy finish. And 87% transmission in

please contact us by e-mail at marketing@pyrasied.nl.

23

Our thanks to the man in the white coat

D i s t r i bu t i n g pa r t n e r :
Apolloweg 26
8938 Aw ar den
T + 31(0)58-7676100
w w w.dif f u ser company.n l
w w w.pyr asied.n l
sales@ pyr asied.n l