Tom Anthony O.

Monponbanua
BSN-3a

ANAPHYLAXIS
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can
occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to,
such as a peanut or the venom from a bee sting.
The flood of chemicals released by your immune system during anaphylaxis
can cause you to go into shock; your blood pressure drops suddenly and your
airways narrow, blocking normal breathing. Signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis include a rapid, weak pulse, a skin rash, and nausea and
vomiting.
ETHIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
The most common causes of anaphylaxis are; drugs, foods, latex
exposure, and insect bites and stings. The most common food offenders in
adults are peanuts, tree nuts and shellfish. Insect stings causes many deaths
COMMON AGENTS CAUSING ANAPHYLAXIS

DRUGS
Penicillins (Most
Common)
Cephalosporins
Tetracycline
Streptomycin
Kanamycin
Neomycin
Heparin
Protamine
Vancomycin
Amphotericin B
Polymyxin
Bacitracin
Aspirin
Colchicines
Tranquilizers
FOODS
Peanuts
Seafoods
Eggs
Nuts
Milk
Citrus Fruits
Strawberries
Legumes

INSECT VENOMS
o Hymenoptera
BIOLOGICAL
Heterologous
(esp. equine
Enzymes
MS- Care Of Clients With Immunologic Response

Tom Anthony O. Monponbanua

BSN-3a
Vaccines (Esp.
Egg Culture
Types)
BLOOD
PRODUCTS
Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Whole Blood
Gamma-Globulins
ALLERGENS
EXTRACTS
- Skin-testing
Agents
- Desensitization
DIAGNOSTIC
AGENTS
- Subromophthalei
n
- Oidinated
Contrast Media

MS- Care Of Clients With Immunologic Response

INCIDENCE:
The Incidence of anaphylaxis related to latex exposure, especially in
health care workers, has dramatically increased since the 1990s with
increased use of latex gloves.
Anaphylactic events commonly present with hives and angioedema
and often with dyspnea, wheezing, syncope, hypotension, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal pain, flushing, headache, rhinitis, substernal pain and
itching. Cardiovascular collapse, Shock, and respiratory tract Obstruction,
which can occur immediately and other manifestations, are primary cause of
death in anaphylaxis.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions result from systemic release of
mediators from mast cells and basophils. Again, anaphylactoid reactions are
chemically and clinically indistinguishable from anaphylactic reactions except that
they are not IgE mediated. These mediators consist of preformed substances
stored in the granules of mast cells and basophils (histamine, tryptase, heparin,
chymase, and cytokines), as well as newly synthesized molecules that are
principally derived from the metabolism of arachadonic acid (prostaglandins and
leukotrienes).

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Anaphylaxis is treated by;

Administering epinephrine
Removing or discontinuing the causative agent
Administering emergency oxygen
Maintaining open airway
Placing the client in trendelenburg position
Giving supported IVF, such as 0.9% PNSS or LR soln. as necessary

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Remove/Avoid the Client From any allergens that can trigger his/her
allergy
Counsel all client with history of anaphylaxis or anaphylactic-like
reaction to carry apinephrine with them at all times in the form of an
Epipen or Ana-Kit injection
It is also important for them to carry a medical alllert necklace or
bracelets and an identification card in their wallet or purse and that
they register with proper authorities.