Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 1
Modelling
For a given size, can we maximise the
distance?
What are the key parameters that
control the distance?
Can we formulate a model that will help
us design our Catapult?
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 2
Objective of Modelling
create the simplest possible projectile
motion model using standard kinematic
formulas and variables.
Animation of the
- initial height
model for ease of
understanding
- initial speed
- initial angle
- time step
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 3
Fundamentals
force = mass x acceleration (ma)
work = force x distance (Fs)
energy== work
power = rate of work (work/time)
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 4
Derived Units
Force (1N=1kgm/s2)
Work (1J=1Nm=1kgm2/s2)
Energy (J)
Power (1W=1J/s)
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 5
Dynamics
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 6
Dynamics
Speed av=distance/time
Acceleration av=velocity/time
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 7
Dynamics
Can derive equations for linear motion
(for constant acceleration)
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2at2
v2 = u2 + 2as
u=initial velocity
v=final velocity
t=time duration
a=acceleration
s=distance travelled
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 8
Dynamics
Example 1: (1-D)
Kick a ball straight up. Given a given
initial velocity, how high will it go?
DISTANCE.. ????
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 9
Dynamics
v=0 (at top)
Example 1: (1-D)
Use equation:
v2=u2+2as
s=?
a=-g
s=u2/2g
u
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 10
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Drop a rock from a cliff of
height s. How long will it
take to hit the ground/sea?
Time.???
s = ut + 1/2at2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
s=1/2at2
Page 11
Dynamics
Example 2: (1-D)
Reverse Case
Use equation:
s=ut+1/2at2
s=?
t (from stopwatch)
s=1/2at2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 12
Dynamics
Example 2:
(1-D)
s=1/2at2
u=0 (at top)
s=?
t (from stopwatch)
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 13
Dynamics
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4
Time
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 14
Dynamics
Can we use these equations to model
the trajectory of the missile?
And hence predict the distance?
A 2-D problem!
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 15
Dynamics (2-D)
y
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 16
Dynamics (2-D)
3
2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 17
Dynamics (2-D)
4
3
y
v3
v4
v2
1
v1
Not u and v now but
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 18
Dynamics (2-D)
3
y
s1 s1y
s1x
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 19
Dynamics (2-D)
v=u+at becomes:
vx2=vx1+ax1t
vy2=vy1+ay1t
s=ut+1/2at2 becomes:
sx=vx1t+1/2ax1t2
sy=vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Acceleration is constant
(for no drag of lift well
return to this point later)
ax=0!
ay=-g
t2-t1= t
(keep time interval constant
throughout the flight)
Page 20
Dynamics (2-D)
For constant accelerationa=(v2-v1)/(t2-t1)
v2=v1+at
s2=s1+vavt
where vav=(v1+v2)/2
vav=(v1+v1+at)/2
vav=v1 +(at)/2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
s2=s1+vavt
s2=s1+ (v1+(at)/2)t
s2=s1+v1t +(at2)/2
s=s2-s1
s= v1 t +(at2)/2
x2=x1+v1xt +(axt2)/2
y2=y1+v1yt +(ayt2)/2
Page 21
Dynamics (2-D)
For constant accelerationa=(v2-v1)/(t2-t1)
v2=v1+at
s2=s1+vavt
where vav=(v1+v2)/2
vav=(v1+v1+at)/2
vav=v1 +(at)/2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
s2=s1+vavt
s2=s1+ (v1+(at)/2)t
s2=s1+v1t +(at2)/2
s=s2-s1
s= v1 t +(at2)/2
x2=x1+v1xt +(axt2)/2
y2=y1+v1yt +(ayt2)/2
sx=vx1t+1/2ax1t2
sy=vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Page 22
Dynamics Assignment1
Use Excel to study trajectory of missile
Initial Conditions
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
x
0.00
y
0.00
vx
0.00
vy
8.66
ax
5.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
vx=Vel*cos(theta)
vy=Vel*sin(theta)
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 23
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
t2=t1+t
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 24
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
x2=x1+vx1t+1/2ax1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 25
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
y2=y1+vy1t+1/2ay1t2
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 26
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
vx2=vx1+ax1t
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 27
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
vy2=vy1+ay1t
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 28
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
Const=0!
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 29
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Position
1.00
2.00
x
0.00
0.01
y
0.00
0.09
vx
0.00
0.05
vy
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
Const=-g
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 30
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Copy formula
down
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Position
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
x
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
y
0.00
0.09
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.47
1.56
vx
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.71
0.74
vy
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
ax
5.00
4.90
4.80
4.70
4.61
4.51
4.41
4.31
4.21
4.11
4.02
3.92
3.82
3.72
3.62
3.53
3.43
3.33
3.23
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
Page 31
Dynamics
Input Data
Vel
delt t
theta (degrees)
theta (radians)
10.00
0.01
30.00
0.52
Plot x versus y
using chart
wizard
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Position
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
t
0.00
0.01
30.01
30.53
1.40
30.53
30.53
1.20
30.53
30.53
1.00
30.53
30.53
0.80
30.53
30.53
0.60
30.53
30.53
0.40
30.53
30.53
0.20
30.53
30.53
0.00
30.53
30.53
0.00
30.53
30.53
y
0.00
0.09
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.13
1.21
1.30
1.39
1.47
1.56
1.65
2.00
1.73
1.82
vx
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.67
0.71
0.74
0.77
4.00
0.80
0.83
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
8.66
6.00
8.66
8.66
vy
ax
5.00
4.90
4.80
4.70
4.61
4.51
4.41
4.31
4.21
4.11
4.02
3.92
3.82
3.72
3.62
3.53
3.43
3.33
3.23
3.13
8.00
3.04
2.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
ay
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
-9.81
Page 32
Assignment 1
Catapult Dynamics Design Tool using Excel
Individual tutorial exercise
1.Create excel spreadsheet as demonstrated
2.Plot x versus y
Sandeep K Sharma
MED, Thapar University, Patiala
Page 33