AVR$SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: KURNOOL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

IV B.TECH. (SCHEME 2009)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
TITLE: Test Procedure to determine amount of Chlorides in a Water
sample
1.AIM :
To determine the
sample(s).

amount of Chlorides

present in the given water

2.APPARATUS:
Burette (50ml) with burette stand, Pipette(20ml), Conical flasks(250ml)
and Beaker(100ml).
3.REAGENTS:
Standard Silver
indicator.

nitrate

(AgNo3)

and

Potassium

chromate(K2CrO4)

4.PRINCIPLE:
Chlorides are determined in a natural (neutral) or slightly alkaline (pH 78) solution by titrating with standard silver nitrate using potassium
chromate as an indicator(Mohrs method). Silver chloride is quantitatively
precipitated before red silver chromate is formed.
5.PROCEDURE:
1. Clean all the apparatus with distilled water and rinse with respective
solutions.
2. Take about 300ml water sample and adjust the pH between 7 and 8.
3. Pipette out 100 ml of pH adjusted water sample in to a 250 ml
clean conical flask.
4. Add 1ml potassium chromate indicator. If the colour of the solution
is yellow, titrate the sample with standard silver nitrate solution
until permanent reddish brown colour is observed.
5. Note the amount of silver nitrate used.
6. Repeat the same procedure for concurrent values of burette
readings.
7. For better accuracy, titrate distilled water (100ml) in the same way
to establish reagent blank.
8. Repeat the above procedure for the given any number of samples.
6.OBSERVA TIONS:
S.No.

Description
of sample

Volume of
Sample
taken
(ml)

7.CALCULATIONS:
Normality of AgNO3 solution (N)

Burette readings
Initial
Final
(ml)
(ml)

Volume of
AgNO3
used
(ml)

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AVR$SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING: KURNOOL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
IV B.TECH. (SCHEME 2009)
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
TITLE: Test Procedure to determine amount of Chlorides in a Water
sample
Volume of silver nitrate required for sample (A) =
Volume of silver nitrate required for blank(B)
Strength of chlorides

= (A-B) x N x 35.45 mg/l

Volume of sample

8.RESULT:
The chlorides present in the water sample =
9.INFERENCE:
The given water sample may/may not be used for domestic purpose.
The given water sample may/may not be used for construction purpose.
10.PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNLFICANCE:
The chlorides in reasonable concentration are not harmful to human
beings .At concentrations above 250 mg/l , chlorides give a salty taste to
water. The salty taste produced by chlorides depends on the chemical
composition of the water. From taste point of view, above 250mg/l of
chlorides in water is unacceptable for drinking purpose.
However at some places where water supplies scarce, sources containing
above 250mg/l of chlorides are used for domestic purposes without the
development of adverse effects, once the Human system becomes
adapted to the water.

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