1) Qualitative analysis revealed that an unknown contained the anions, NO3¯, Cl¯, and ClO3¯.

A
student weighed a sample into a beaker and recorded the following data:
Weight of beaker and sample68.962 grams
Weight of beaker 67.625 grams
The sample was dissolved and diluted to 200.0 milliliters. A 50.00-milliliter portion of the
solution was treated with excess silver nitrate solution, and the precipitate was collected in a
filter crucible. Weighings gave the following data:
Weight of crucible and AgCl10.211 grams
Weight of crucible 10.102 grams
Another 50.00-milliliter portion was treated with a reducing agent before the addition of excess
silver nitrate solution. The precipitate which formed was collected and weighed in another filter
crucible.
Weight of crucible and AgCl10.247 grams
Weight of crucible 10.110 grams
a) Determine the percentage of Cl¯ in the unknown.
b) Determine the percentage of ClO3¯ in the unknown.
2) The compound UF6 reacts with water to form a solid compound and a gas. It is found that
1.76 grams of UF6 gives 1.08 liters of the gas at -13 °C and 0.400 atmosphere. The gas is 95 per
cent by weight fluorine and 5 per cent by weight hydrogen, and its molecular formula is assumed
to be the same as its empirical formula.

a) What number of moles of gas is formed?

b) What number of gram-atomic weights of flourine is removed from one mole of
UF6?
c) What is the empirical formula of the solid compound?

3) A 100.0-milliliter sample of a solution of sodium hydroxide contaminated with carbonate was

standardized using methyl orange (pK = 4) as the indicator. The titration required 27.50
milliliters of 0.2000-molar H2SO4. A second 100.0-milliliter sample of the base was titrated with
the same acid using phenolphthalein (pK = 8) as an indicator. This titration required 26.50
milliliters of acid.

a) What is the molarity of the NaOH in the solution?

b) What is the molarity of the CO32¯ in the solution?

14) Give the definition of a base according to EITHER the Bronsted-Lowry OR the Lewis
concept. Which of the following substances are bases according to the definition you have
given?
O2¯, HSO4¯, Ar, HF, H¯, Cu(NH3)42+
For one of the above substances which you have classified as a base, write an equation
illustrating its basic character according to the definition you have given.
15) Describe the effect of changes in temperature and pressure on the rate of a chemical reaction
involving gases. Explain why each factor affects the rate as it does.
16) As a solution of sodium chloride is added to an equilibrium mixture of solid silver chloride
and water, the weight of solid present first increases and then decreases. Explain.
17) The ionization energies of lithium and sodium are 5.39 and 5.14 electron volts respectively.
The standard half-cell (oxidation) potentials are as follows:
Li ---> Li+ + e ¯ E ° = 3.02 volts
Na ---> Na+ + e¯E ° = 2.71 volts
Explain the apparent contradiction of these two sets of data as to the relative ease of removing an
electron from atoms of these elements.
18) Describe two ways by which the presence of cadmium ion Cd2+, could be detected in the
presence of a fairly high concentration of copper (II) ion, Cu2+. Illustrate with equations.
19) Describe three types of particles emitted in nuclear transformations and indicate the changes
in the nuclei which result from the emission of each of these types of particles.
20) Point out significant differences in the physical properties of the four substances, neon,
ammonia, silicon dioxide, and potassium chloride. Account for these differences in terms of
chemical bonding theory.
21) Many of the properties of solutions depend on the concentration of the solute rather than on
the chemical nature of the solute. Discuss these colligative properties for ideal and real solutions
of strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes.