Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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OBJECTIVE
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OBJECTIVES
If HVAC problems and challenges are to be
properly diagnosed and designed, it is
essential that the psychrometric chart and
psychrometrics in general be clearly
understood.
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OBJECTIVES
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PSME COURSES
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COURSE OUTLINE
FUNDAMENTALS
– AIR AND WATER
THE PSYCRHOMETRIC CHART
- PSYCHART PROCESSES
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
DISCUSSIONS
-its properties
-changes in its conditions
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Introduction
WHAT IS PSYCHROMETRY
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Definitions and Concepts
What is AIR
AIR is considered to be a mix of dry air and water
vapor plus impurities.
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What is AIR
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AMOUNT OF MOISTURE IN AIR
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PROPERTIES OF AIR
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BASIC PROPERTIES:
SEVEN (7) PROPERTIES OF MOIST AIR
Dry-bulb temperature
Wet-bulb temperature
Relative Humidity
Enthalpy
Specific volume
Absolute Humidity
Dew Point
Pressure (usually Atmospheric)
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DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
The air dry bulb temperature, θ(°C),
is the temperature measured using a
standard thermometer that is shielded
from any radiant heating or cooling
effects.
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DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
The air dry bulb temperature, θ(°C),
is the temperature measured using a
standard thermometer that is shielded
from any radiant heating or cooling
effects.
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WET BULB TEMPERATURE
WET BULB - the temperature
reading from a wetted bulb that
gives a direct indication as to
the total heat content of air
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ADIABATIC WET BULB
WET BULB - the temperature
reading from a wetted bulb that
gives a direct indication as to
the total heat content of air
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PSYCHROMETER
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ADIABATIC WET BULB
WET BULB - the temperature
reading from a wetted bulb that
gives a direct indication as to
the total heat content of air
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HUMIDITY RATIO W
The weight of the water vapor in
each pound or kg of dry air
It is also same ratio as the partial
pressures of water vapor to total pressure.
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HUMIDITY RATIO W
The mass of the water vapor in 1 kg of
dry air is termed the moisture content
g (kg/kgda) – this is really a ‘vapor’
content and humidity ratio.
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MAKE A CHART
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MAKE A CHART
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MAKE A CHART
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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
The amount of water vapor in the
air divided by the amount of water
vapor the air can hold (at
the same temperature and
pressure.)
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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
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DEW POINT
DEW POINT temperature, θ(°C), is
the temperature at which water
condenses out from moist air as it is
cooled at constant pressure.
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DEW POINT
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SPECIFIC VOLUME
Specific volume indicates
the space occupied by air.
It is expressed as a
volume per unit weight
(OPPOSITE of density -
weight per unit volume).
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DENSITY OR SPECIFIC
VOLUME
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ENTHALPY
Enthalpy is the TOTAL heat
energy content of moist air. It
is expressed in Btu per
pound of dry air.
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SUMMARY
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WORKSHOP
PLOT THE POINT
And the…
Enthalpy
Specific volume
Absolute Humidity
Dew Point
Pressure (usually Atmospheric)
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WORKSHOP- ANSWERS
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WORKSHOP
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WORKSHOP-ANSWERS
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THE AIR CONDITIONING
PROCESS
Common processes include:
Sensible cooling / sensible heating
Cooling and dehumidification
Heating and humidification
Evaporative cooling / chemical
dehydration
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THE AIR CONDITIONING
PROCESS
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SENSIBLE COOLING/HEATING
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SENSIBLE COOLING/HEATING
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SENSIBLE COOLING/HEATING
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HUMIDIFICATION
Humidification
Moisture and Water vapor is added into
the air.
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DEHUMIDIFICATION
Dehumidification
When water is removed or condensed
from the air.
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COMBINATIONS of
THE AIRCON PROCESS
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THE COOLING COIL PROCESS
Cooling and dehumidifying is the process of
lowering both the dry-bulb temperature and the
humidity ratio of the moist air.
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THE COOLING COIL PROCESS
If moist air comes in contact with a surface that
is below the dew-point temperature of the air,
moisture will condense on the surface and the
air will be dehumidified
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THE COOLING COIL PROCESS
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Relationship of Dewpoint, RH,
Wetbulb, and Drybulb
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WORKSHOP
Consider Philippines, in a hot humid day 90°F and
90% RH.
We need a room condition to 70°F at 50% RH.
We do this by chilling the air far enough to condense out enough
moisture to dehumidify it: the goal is to have air with absolute
humidity not exceeding 0.008 lbs of moisture per pound of air (~50
to 55 grains per pound of dry air).
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WORKSHOP-ANSWERS
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WORKSHOP-ANSWERS
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SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR
or SHF RATIO
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DEHUMIDIFICATION AND
HUMIDIFICATION
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SHF
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SHR
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ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT
FACTOR-RSHF
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ROOM SHF
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GRAND SHF
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GSHF
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TOTAL RELATIONSHIPS
GSHF AND ROOM SHF
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ACTUAL CASES USING
GSHF AND ROOM SHF
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REAL CASES USING
GSHF AND ROOM SHF
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REAL CASES USING
GSHF AND ROOM SHF
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PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
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DEHUMIDIFICATION AND
HUMIDIFICATION
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AHU PROCESS
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MIXING AIR
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MIXING AIR
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MIXING AIR
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MIXING AIR
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MIXING AIR
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AIR MIXING
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BLOW THRU AHU
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DRAW THRU AHU
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CASE STUDIES
ROOM COOLING
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ROOM COOLING
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CASE STUDIES-OVERALL
A
A
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ALIGN THE SHR LINE
@ 0.8 SCALE MARK
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ALIGN THE SHR LINE
@ 0.8 SCALE MARK
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ANALOGY OF ROOM COOLING
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SHR LINE @ 0.6 SCALE MARK
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CASE STUDIES
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CASE STUDY-SAME ROOM
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CASE STUDIES
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CASE STUDIES-SOLUTION
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IF WE “GUESTIMATE” THE
SUPPLY AIR CONDITIONS
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CASE STUDIES
THEREFORE, NO
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
CALCULATIONS
CREATES PROBLEMS!
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SUMMARY
PSYCHROMETRY IS A
VERY IMPORTANT
ASPECT OF HVAC
ENGINEERING!
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