Transparent electronics

Based on Nanotechnology
Presented by:
Du Pei A0134166
Ma Yue A0133465
Miao Dongchen A0133499
Zhang Haoxin A0133720
Zhang Siyu A0133782

What would transparent electronics do?

Replace everything with transparent ones!
Current technology

Smart window

Transparent monitor

LED

Transparent Solar panels

Transparent Domestic
appliance

Transparent iPhone

Circuit

Heads up display

Transparent eye contact lens

What would transparent electronics do?

Why transparent?
Transparent monitor

Interact games

You wont see it until you Use it!

3D Effect

Bi-directional Display and

interact

What would transparent electronics do?

Why transparent?
Transparent Domestic
appliance

You can see

through and
know how it
works!

Refrigerator

Things will not

block each other

Is the bread Okay?

Washing Machine

What would transparent electronics do?

Why transparent?
Transparent Solar panels

transparent solar
cells would enable
Display panel to
obtain solar power
while user was
looking at screen

What would transparent electronics do?

Why transparent?

No positive and negative side!

Display in both sides!

Transparent Mobile device

Input in both sides!

Clear display under sunlight

Transparent electronics Applications

Domestic appliance
Entertainment and communication
Architecture
Healthcare and Surgical
Military and Industry

Domestic appliance

Transparent Bread Baker

Window as solar cells and heater

Transparent Iron

Smart Window display

Transparent Washing machine

Transparent refrigerator

Entertainment and communication

Tourists

Make up
Communication
Games

Architecture
Opportunities for makers of changing
traditional solar panels into transparent
ones, each kinds of size.

Opportunities for electrical equipment,

such as TV, computer, even mobile phone.
Opportunities for
building engineers
to transfer existing
windows into solar
ones, instead of
electronic system
to provide energy.

Opportunities for house and

car designers of smart window,
show information and change
appearance with weather.

New ways about commercial sales to display

goods, such as clothes, furniture, food.
Opportunities for distributors and retailers.

Healthcare and surgical

Support in time
outside the operation
room, no need to do
disinfection process.

Military and Industry

Opportunities for military wearable
equipment with transparent solar
panels providing energy

Opportunities
for
transparent windows
on
airplane,
customers are able to
appreciate
the
outside scenery and
choose what scene
they like

Opportunities
for
providing drivers and
operators with showing
basic information

Opportunities for workers to observe and

monitor the internal situation in the equipment
during manufacturing

Opportunities for
commanders to
simulate
and
operate battles.

What enables transparent electronics?

Current technology

LED

Circuit

What enables transparent electronics?

Transparent thin
film Transistor
(TTFT)

Transparent
Conductive films Graphene

They are so small

that cannot be
distinguished by
eyes
Function
Aligned nanotubes

Conduct

Transparent Conductive films Graphene

Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb

lattice made of carbon atoms.

Traditional Transparent Conductive

films - ITO

ITO holds the dominant place of transparent conductive films currently.

ITO are In2O3 doped with Sn
With the development of ITO, the application of TCOs becomes wider
Mainly used in flat display (75%)
Other applications: Transparent heating elements, transparent antistatic film
electrodes, electromagnetic, protective films, solar cells, anti-reflective coating,
and heat reflecting mirror

Requirements for TCF of transparent

electronics

Non-toxic elements and cheap material

Good conductivity with good transmittance
Bandgap energy with High mobility
Good reliability
Cheap processing and mass production

Why graphene?
ITO
Material

Graphene

Transmittance &
conductivity
Mobility & Band
Gap
Strength &
Flexibility
ITO: Indium $92/kg(2002) $930/kg(2013) Can only satisfy the demand till 2028
(Source: American Mining Association 2013) Indium is toxic!
Graphene: Carbon. Can be found everywhere, very cheap, non-Toxic.

Why graphene?
ITO
Transmittance &
conductivity

Graphene

Source: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201200489/abstract;jsessionid=24508C91658C71CB5F94C7AED94D5BC8.d03t01

Why graphene?
ITO

Graphene

Mobility & Band

Gap

In an insulator or semiconductor, an electron bound to an atom can break free only if

it gets enough energy from heat or passing photon to jump the band gap.
But in graphene the gap is infinitesimal. This is the main reason why graphenes
electron can move easily and very fast.
Source: http: www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com

Why graphene?
ITO
Strength &
Flexibility

Graphene

But Graphene

ITO is a ceramic material,

poor flexibility

Main challenge for graphene

ITO

Graphene

Process and cost

Mass production

Size

Chinese ITO production:

Unit: 10,000 meters

Other countrys ITO production:

Chinese ITO demand:

Other countrys ITO demand:

Source: 2010-2015 China TCO industry market research report

Main challenge for graphene

ITO

Graphene

Process and cost

Mass production

Size

To get the best electrical and mechanical properties of graphene samples, a

fairly original approach used to be applied

Use a tape stick to Graphite, then grab from the tape. And Novoselov use
this approach won the Nobel Prize How can this be applied to mass
production?

Improvement for graphene

Patents and efforts concentrate on find a process to mass produce Graphene and the
quality is satisfied.
Size is Bigger and suit for
more applications and realize
transparent electronics

High mobility Make it suit for

practical use

Scalable make it suitable for

mass production

CVD graphene is preferred

http://iopscience.iop.org/1402-4896/2012/T146/014024/article

Cost Improvement for CVD Graphene

Will replace ITO for

commercial use in the near
future

http://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-price#.Ut8YMRAZ6Uk

Geometric scaling for CVD graphene

Increasing in scale enables more applications, which makes transparent electronics
realizable.

http://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3185

Another key componentTransparent

thin-film transistor
Intensive effort to find the best material for the channel
(semiconductor) in TTFTs.

Hideo, et al., Science, 2003

Marks, et al., Nature Materials, 2006

Aligned Nanotubes

Ju, et al., Nature Nanotech., 2007

Han, et al., J.A.C.S., 2005

Requirement for TTFT of Transparent

electronics
High mobility
High speed/frequency
Low operation voltage for portable devices
P-type: Complement N-type TTFTs reported so far for CMOS
circuits
Low temperature fabrication(cost saving):
Flexible devices
Roll-to-roll fabrication compatible

Mobility improvement
Mobility improvement of TTFTs

The highest mobility among existing TTFTs, suitable for general

applications
Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

Why choose Aligned CNTs

Aligned Nanotubes:

One type of single-walled carbon

nanotubes (CNTs)
Substrate guided alignment during
CVD process (on quartz)
Controlled orientation enables easy
registration
Transparent due to small diameter

P-type

Martel, et al., APL, 1998

Aligned Nanotubes

High mobility

Seong, et al., Nature

Nanotechnology, 2007

Low T
fabrication

Transfer printing of aligned nanotubes

enabling low T fabrication

Key features:
1. Low T 2. Keeping alignment 3. Repeatable 4. Scalable 5.
compatible with graphene (mass production of graphene with Aligned CNTs transparent electronics)
Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

TTFT performance on rigid substrates

(glass)

Data analysis

Fairly sufficient
for display.
Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

Channel
length is small
enough (eye
resolution
0.18mm)

TTFT performance on flexible

substrates (PET)

Performance change
under bending

FET operation on a bent

substrate

Fairly sufficient
for display.
Transparent Electronics based on TTFT, Fumiaki Ishikawa, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science

Aligned CNTs price improvement

Aligned CNTs
Cost is
decreasing
and will be
less than ITO
and suitable
for
commercial
use in the
near future

MT5009 fall semester 2013, group project

Large Variety of Processes Makes Many

Optimistic about Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are made by several methods
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
arc discharge
laser ablation
HIPCO: Hi-pressure carbon monoxide
surface mediated growth of vertically-aligned tubes by Plasma
Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)

Transparent Circuit Enabled

Aligned
CNTs

Graphene

Other enabled Transparent components

Transparent display
Heated Glass

Transparent RAM
Transparent Electric Storage
Transparent Battery

Transparent display
LED control by the aligned nanotube TTFT

A significant step forward to realize transparent display !

F. N. Ishikawa et al., ACS Nano, 2009

Heated Glass

Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heated_glass

Transparent RAM

TRRAM device is based on an capacitor

structure which provides a transmittance of
81% in the visible region of the chip. the data
retention is expected to be about 10 years

A flexible, transparent resistive memory chip created by

researchers at Rice University.
Transparent electronics by kirti kansal, 2013

Transparent Electric storage

transparent USB memory drive:

Polytron Technologies has produced a transparent USB memory stick that will
come in 8, 16 & 32GB options. The USB has an embedded LED so that you know
that it is connected and working. (Source: http://mobilegeeks.com )

Transparent Battery
"The clear flexible plastic in the image
is a battery, it is a polymer based
rechargeable battery made by
Japanese scientists. Drs Hiroyuki
Nishide, Hiroaki Konishi and Takeo Suga
at Waseda University have designed
the battery which consists of a redoxactive organic polymer film around 200
nanometres thick.
The power rate performance is
strikingly high it only takes one minute
to fully charge the battery and it has a
long cycle life, often exceeding 1,000
cycles."

Transparent Everything enabled!

Graphene

Material

System

Aligned CNTs

Transparent Circuit
Transparent display

Component

Heated Glass
Transparent RAM

Transparent Electric Storage

Transparent Battery

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Main players:

Firms
Samsung
(Korea)

Description
Currently working on transparent display panels for mobile application.

LG
(Korea)

Early mover in transparent display segment.

Offers 26 to 47 inch transparent display panels; product range extended to offer
transparent display solutions for digital signage .

AUO
(Taiwan)

Likely to address markets such as retail, advertising and the museum space

Planar
(United States)

One of the early firms to offer transparent displays for retail store cases.

Google
(United States)

High likelihood of transforming the entire transparent displays industry by creating

an entirely new market for wearable devices

Apple
(United States)

Apple can play a crucial role in revolutionizing the transparent displays industry if
the firm adopts this type of display in one of the iterations of the much talked-about
smart watch and iPhone.

UDC
(United States)

The only material firm to specifically target the transparent displays space and
undertake active research in the transparent nanotechnology space.

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Transparent display market ($ Million)
4500
4000
3500

$ Millions

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Computing and Applications

Weareable Applications

Retail Applications

Applicances

Other Applications
2014 NanoMarkets, LC

2020

2021

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Value chains:

R&D

Recycling

Material
provider

Customer

Component
Maker

OEM

Retailer

Application
service
provider

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Value chains:

R & D:
IPR for : Graphene, Aligned CNTs
Material improvement
Applications
Trolls & Attorneys
Concept Design
Circuit Design
Product Design
Material provider:
Graphene
Aligned CNTs

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Value chains:

Component Maker:
Transparent circuit
Transparent display panel
Heated Glass
Transparent RAM
Transparent Electric Storage
Transparent Battery
other transparent component
OEM
As Mentioned before
(from slide 7)

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Value chains:

Application service provider:

Operating System
Software Applications
Retailer:
Dept Store
Direct Catalogue
Distributors
E commerce
Mass Merchants
National Chain
Consumer

Entrepreneurial opportunities
Value chains:

Recycling:
Collection
Refurbishment
Dismantling
Recycling Components
Recycling Materials
Bio-decay

Q&A