INTERNSHIP REPORT

STUDY OF THE POULTRY PRODUCTION AT

SADIQ POULTRY (PVT) LIMITED

SHEIKHUPURA HATCHERY
18-KM SHEIKHUPURA FAISALABAD ROAD FEROZWATTWAN, PUNJAB

FINAL PROFESSIONAL DVM

INTERNSHIP REPORT
SUBMITTED BY

ADNAN YOUSAF

2K10-AV-35

TO

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2016

DEDICATION

This humble effort is dedicated to

My

Parents

Whose affections inspired

to love mankind

Who did their best to uplift us up to the

Heights of an ideal life

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTE
R

PARTICULARS

PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERNSHIP COMMITTEE

iv

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE SUPERVISOR

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE HATCHERY MANAGER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION TO SADIQ POULTRY (PVT) LIMITED

SHEIKHUPURA HATCHARY

II

UNIT-1

14

III

UNIT-2

21

IV

HATCHERY SANITATION

28

CHICKS GRADING AND PACKING

29

VI

RECORD KEEPING

30

VII

DIAGNOSIS OF HATCH FAILUERS

30

VIII

VACCINATION

32

IX
X

CHICKS DELIVERY
WASHING AREA

33
33

XI

SUMMARY

35

XII

CONCLUSION

36

XIII

APPENDIX

37

STUDY OF THE POULTRY PRODUCTION AT

SAQID POULTRY HETACHRY (PVT) LIMITED SHEIKHUPURA PUNJAB
3

ADNAN YOUSAF

2K10-AV--35

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE BY THE INTERNSHIP SUPERVISORY

COMMITTEE

DEAN

Prof. Dr. Noor Muhammad Soomro

Professor/DEAN

SUPERVISOR

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ghaisuddin Shah

Professor/Chairman

Member-i

Dr. Zaheer Ahmad Nizamani

Associate Professor

Member-ii

Dr. Akeel Ahmad Memon

Assistant Professor

Member-iii

Dr. Asghar Ali Kamboh

Assistant Professor

Member-iv

Dr. Nisar Ahmad Rajput

Assistant Professor

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM
2016

FACULTY OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCES

SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY TANDOJAM

INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the present data and information/work entitled STUDY OF
THE

POULTRY

PRODUCTION

AT

SADIQ

POULTRY

(PVT)

LIMITED

SHEIKHUPURA HETCHARY PUNJAB embodied in this internship report has been carried
out by final Prof. D.V.M student in connection with the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the seminar of Final Prof. D.V.M. We confirm that the work is original.

ADNAN YOUSAF

2K10-AV-35

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ghaisuddin Shah

Professor
Chairman Internship Program

SADIQ POULTRY (Pvt)

LIMITED
Head Office: 48-C, Satellite Town, Near Chandni Chowk,
Rawalpindi
Telephone: +92(51)111505050, Fax: +92(51)4451191
URL: www.Sadiqpoultry.com
E-Mail: hrm@Sadiqpoultry.com

INTERNSHIP REPORT CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the present data and information/work entitled STUDY OF
THE

POULTRY

PRODUCTION

AT

SADIQ

POULTRY

(Pvt)

LIMITED,

SHEIKHUPURA HETCHARY PUNJAB embodied in this three months internship report has
been carried out by MR. ADNAN YOUSAF, Reg. No. 2K10-AV-35 regular student of Final
Prof. D.V.M Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture
University Tandojam in connection with the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the seminar
of Final Prof. D.V.M. We confirm that the work is original.

..
Mian Salman Sadiq
Director Farms and Hatcheries

Dr. Shahid Mahmood Awan

Hatchery Manager

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praise to be Almighty Allah, The Most Beneficent, The Merciful Who Blessed us to
complete this kind work.
We are thankful to our respectable Dean Prof. Dr. Noor Muhammad Soomro, Supervisor
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ghaisuddin Shah, Dr. Zaheer Ahmad Nizamani, Dr. Akeel Ahmad Memon,
Dr. Nisar Ahmad Rajput and Dr. Asghar Ali Kamboh as members of internship committee
Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam,
for their kind cooperation, suggestions and patience for making it possible to complete our work
on time.
I offer thanks to Dr. Mian Muhammad Sadiq (Chief Executive Sadiq Poultry Pvt
Limited), Salman Sadiq (Director Farms and Hatcheries). To give me an opportunity for
internship where my professional skills are groomed and their kind and valuable co-operation.
I have no word to express my respect and gratitude to Dr. Shahid Mahmood
(Hatchery Manager), Mr. Waseem Akhtar (Project Supervisor), Mr. Muhammad Naveed
(Supervisors Unit-1), Mr. Muhammad Aslam Awan (Supervisor Unit-2), Shift Incharges and
whole hatchery staff for supporting and facilitating me. They have indeed been much cooperative
and have really played a great role in the completion of my internship program.
Finally I am thanks and gratitude to my parents, teachers and my friends who always
encouraged me by their suggestions and pray for my success.

ADNAN YOUSAF

PREFACE

I did laborious job at this hatchery for given period of time (December 01, 2015 to
February 29, 2016). This report covers all the work done along with the basic theoretical
knowledge. This report will not only give the knowledge of practices actually being done but
will also be helpful to compare the bookish knowledge and practically applicable practices.
This report will also provide a great guideline for the students of poultry sciences and
trainees. It will also play role to fill the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge.

SADIQ POULTRY (PVT) LIMITTED

SHEIKHUPURA HATCHERY
INTRODUCTION:Sadiq Hatchery (Pvt) Ltd. is one of the leading Poultry Producing Company of Pakistan which
provides good quality chicks for the fulfillment of nation. It covers a total area about 06 Acar.
The hatchery is situated at 18-Km on Faisalabad Road Sheikhupura. It consist two units:
Unit 1
Unit 2
Hatchery was started in January, 1994 with 02-S 2, 08-S3 incubators in unit1 & further 4 1S1S
and 14 ultra control system incubators were added in unit-1 in 1994. In 2013, Chief executive of
Hatchery decided to increase capacity so, 08 Gem & 08 Genesis IVs 16 incubators were added in
unit-2. Now 44 machines are working. All these incubators are made by Chick Master USA.

MANAGERIAL SET UP:

CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Dr. Mian Muhammad Sadiq

DIRECTOR
Farms & Hatcheries
Mian Salman Sadiq

HATCHERY MANAGER
Dr. Shahid Mehmood Awan

PROJECT SUPERVISOR
Mr. Waseem Akhtar

SUPERVISOR (UNITE-1)
Mr. Muhammad Naveed

SHIFT INCHARGE (UNITE-1)

Haji Nazir Ahmad
Muhammad Sarfaraz
Niaz Ahmad
Nisar Ahmad

WORKERS (UNITE-1)

SUPERVISOR (UNITE-2)
Mr. Muhammad Aslam Awan

SHIFT INCHARGE (UNITE-2)

Muhammad Ikram
Nadeem Akhtar
Ishanullah
Muhammad Naveed

WORKERS (UNITE-2)

CHICKS DELIVERY INCHARGE

Mr. Abid Hussain Jatala

Hatchery Building Set Up:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Managerial Office
Workshop & Generator room
Labor Colony
Hatchery Working Area

Hatchery building:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Egg receiving/storage & grading room.

Fumigation room.
Seller room
Transfer room.
Hatcher room.
Chick grading & packing room.
Washing area.

WHEEL DIP: All the vehicles either entering or exiting from the hatchery must pass through wheel dip.
The wheel dip has solution of 1% formalin to disinfect the wheels. Dimension of wheel dip is
(20x12) ft2, with the minimum depth of 8 inch.
FOOT DIP: In each unit the foot dip is present at the door step. 1% formalin solution is use in foot dip.
Dimension of foot dip is (3x2) ft, with 3 inch height. The purpose is to disinfect the shoes during
entering in the unit to reduce chances of infection.
EGGS ROOM
Egg Receiving/Storage & Grading
Egg room is the located outward of the hatchery where the unloading of eggs are done easily and
less chance to broking of eggs. In this room the multiple task are performed, which are grading
of eggs, isolated the poor shell, broken or cracked eggs in control temperature and humidity. The
total capacities of eggs room are 1500 boxes. For each square meter one may store 22 boxes
(each of 360 eggs = 7920 eggs).
The specifications of eggs room are;
Length
Width
Height
Volume
Availability:

=
=
=
=

50 ft
28 ft
10 ft
14000 ft3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Humidity fire
Heater
Air Conditioners
Ceiling Fan
Cooler
Eggs Grader
Tube Lights
Hygrometer
Thermostat

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1
2
4
5
1
2 types (Manual, Automatic)
26
1
1

The capacity of egg receiving room in 1500 egg boxes, each box contains 360 eggs. The
unloading points of eggs are called ducks. During unloading gently place egg boxes on floor to
prevent breakage. Egg storage temperature should be 5 oF high than the internal temperature of
egg to avoid condensation. Normally internal temperature of eggs varies from 72-74 oF. So the
egg room temperature should be 75 0F and relative humidity should be 65-70%. Storage time of
hatching eggs should not exceeds from 1-2 days.
When the eggs boxes reach at room, open the boxes and pull out the tray from
boxes, each box contain 6 trays on each side. Each tray contains 30 eggs, and maintains
temperature and humidity according to requirement.
Relative humidity and temperature is automatically controlled through humidity state and
thermostat.
Ventilation in egg storage room: Room coolers are use to maintain humidity as well as fresh air and also control the
temperature of egg room. Exhaust fans is used to expel out the stale air and produce
negative static pressure inside the room. Ceiling fans are used to evenly circulate the air
within the room. The ventilation required in egg room is 2ft3 / min/1000 eggs.
+5 Pascal ventilation pressure are required in eggs room.
Eggs grading:

1.

Following method is used for grading.

1. Manually
2. Automatically
Manually

For manual operation experience person are required to grade eggs mostly manual
method is adopted when eggs come from a flock that has age more than 35 weeks. In these types
of flock most of eggs has equal weight more than 60g. Double yolk eggs, cracks; dirty and
misshapen eggs are separate during grading.

Eggs are graded into 3 categories.

1. A grade eggs (more than 52 g weight)
2. Small
(having weight 45-52g)
3. Market eggs (also A grade but dirty, white color, misshape)
Note: Cracked and air broken eggs are separated.
Eggs are mainly graded for quality of shell, size and shape.
2.

Grade by egg grading machine (automatically)

MOBA 9A egg grading machine are being used in hatchery to grade eggs. The capacity
of egg grading machine is 40 boxes/ hour (360x40=14,000 eggs). Egg grading machines grade
eggs on the basis of weight. Five types of egg grades are separated on the basis of grade.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

65+
60-65
50-60
40-50
<40

Egg breakage during handling and grading normally 0.5-1%. Egg grading machine usually used
for the younger flock because those have more variation in weight.
Egg shell Consideration in terms of hatchability
If brown egg laying breed have some white shell eggs due to diseased parent flock, the
light or white color comes due to less stay of egg in oviduct. From light color eggs the skeleton
of newly born chick not so well developed. The normal egg shell thickness is 0.33-0.35mm.
Grading is Necessary:
To obtain the maximum uniformity of chicks. Accurate grading decreases chick weight
variation which finally influence flock performance.
Setting in trolley:After the grading the eggs are placed in the trolley and marked the specified flock no,
date of setting and setting no. Eggs are set in trolley on the basis of their quality.

Unit-1
Machines S2

The trolley use in unit-1, machines S2 model have 30 racks, each rack contain 3
egg trays, and each tray has 54 eggs, so one rack consist of 165 eggs. Total eggs in one trolley
are 165x30=4950 eggs.
There are 03 Trolleys are placed in S2 model machine and this machine had 6 setter. So, the total
Capacity of eggs in S2 machines are 30x165x3=14850x6= 89,100 eggs.
Machines S3
The trolley use in unit-1, machines S 3 model have 32 racks, each rack contain 165
eggs. Total eggs in one trolley are 165x32=5280 eggs.
There are 03 Trolleys are used for one setting in a machine S 3 having total 6 setting capacity. So,
the total Capacity of eggs in S3 machines are 32x165x3=15,840x6= 95,040 eggs.
This is the new update and automatic model machine from S 2 and the capacity are also more
from S2.
Machine ISIS
The trolley use in unit-1, machines ISIS chick master model have 32 racks, each rack
contain 165 eggs. Total eggs in one trolley are 165x32=5280 eggs.
There are 03 Trolleys are placed in ISIS chick master model machine and this machine had 6
setter. So, the totals Capacity of eggs in ISIS chick master machines are 32x165x3=15,840x6=
95,040 eggs.
Ultra control System
The trolley use in unit-1, machines Ultra control system model have 32 racks, each rack
contain 165 eggs. Total eggs in one trolley are 165x32=5280 eggs.
There are 03 Trolleys are placed in Ultra control System model machine and this machine had 6
setters. So, the total capacities of eggs in ultra control system machines are
32x165x3=15,840x6= 95,040 eggs.

FUMIGATION ROOM
Length
Width
Height

=
=
=

24 Ft
18 ft
10 ft

Volume
Capacity of trolley

=
=

L x W x H = 4320 ft3
24

=
=
=
=
=
=

1
2
6
1
1
1

Availability:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Exhaust fan
Ceiling fan
Energy saver
Humidity fir
Thermostat
Hygrometer

Fumigation of eggs is necessary to reduce the microbial load. Formaldehyde is available as

14% solution in H2O. When it is heated it liberated formaldehyde gas. Human skin is sensitive to
formalin.
To produce the formaldehyde gas produce by mixing 0.6g of KMnO 4 with 1.2 cc of formalin
(37.5%) formaldehyde for each Ft3 of space in the fumigating.
For fumigation formalin and KMnO4 is used for 100ft3 area and 1x (17.5 gm KMnO 4 and
35 ml formalin used.)
Procedure:
Use KMnO4 20g and formalin 40ml and same quantity of water 40 ml as formalin. (Water
is used to avoid the bumping). In unit-1kg KMnO 4 and 2 liter water and 2 liter formalin use in
unit-2 800 g KMnO4 is use while 1.6 liter formalin and 1.6 liter water is use. This process takes
time 20-30 minutes.
First of all put KMnO4 in fumigation pot mix with water and put formalin in it. Set the
fumigation pot in the center of the room and make the room air tight. Then turn on the ceiling
fan. Leave the room for 20-30 minutes. After then turn on the exhaust fan and off the ceiling fan
then open air inlet window. If we want to stop the fumigation rapidly than ammonium hydroxide
is sprinkled the on the floor.
N.B: The water are used to produce the moisture in the fumigation, it prevent the dehydration
from eggs.

FUMIGATION IN HATCHER
In the Hatcher do not use potassium permanganate for fumigation. Only formalin is used
because when we use the KMnO4 highly exothermic reaction will occur and excessive
formaldehyde gas will produce which can cause the death of chick.

Temperature and Humidity of fumigation room

The efficacy of formaldehyde gas increased in presence of moisture and heat. It is
impossible to get maximum results unless Humidity 75% and the temperature of the area is 75800F.
Fumigating chicks
Fumigation of chick is generally not recommended. Formaldehyde gas color down the
chick to deep orange, often noticeable by the customer.

SETTER ROOM
Setter room is divided into two parts.
i)
ii)

Setter machine
Setter Hall

Dimension of setter hall is 40ft x 35 ft x 10 ft and volume 14,000 ft3.

Availability of Setter room

Air conditioner

2 /machine

Heater

2/machine

Hygrometer

1/machine

The temperature of setting room is 75 0F air cooler are used to control the humidity in
room which is 50-55%. For ventilation exhaust fans are used to remove the toxic gases which are
situated behind the gallery of machine.
Specification of setter:The setter or incubator is a place of hatching where hatching eggs are placed for
first 18 days of incubation. The setter may be thermostat control or sensor control the accuracy of
sensor controlled incubator is better than thermostat. The dimension of setter hall as follows:
Width
Length
Height

=
=
=

12.4 ft
21.9 ft
8.47 ft

Setter machines at Unit-1 are:

S. No
1.
2.
3.
4.

Name
S2
S3
ISIS
Ultra Control System

Company
Chick Master
Chick Master
Chick Master
Chick Master

No of
Machine
02
08
04
14

No of
Incubator
02
08
04
14

Capacity of
eggs
89,100
95,040
95,040
95,040

Temperature and Humidity of setter Machine:

Temperature =
99.5 0F
Humidity
=
85 0F

The eggs set in the setter are turned at 45 0 after every 60 minutes for each 1000 eggs 12 ft 3/ min
(cfm= 200ft3/min/setter) (cfm cubic feet per minute) of fresh air is required. The required
pressure of is 5 Pascal and 2.5 Pascal rare.
Each setter is divided in to the 2 zones named as front zone and rear zones. Each zone
contains the light bulb that is only use for lighting purpose. Air restrictors are used for
temperature balance in setter and present on each fan.

For easy handling of trolleys and trays minimum working space of 3 meters should be
allowed in front of the incubator. A distance of 60 cm should exist between the incubators and
between the back of the incubator and the wall. For cleaning purpose it is desirable to have 1.5
meter space above the incubator.
Availability of setter machine:
1. Fans
Six no. of fans are present on the ceiling of setter (fan diameter is 18``, (1350
1400rpm). 200-300 ft3/min air is required for each setter. These are use for proper
ventilation.
2. Heater
The ring type heater are present on the upper side of fan in S 3 and ultra control
system machines while in S2 and ISIS two no. of heater are present, first in front
zone and second in rear zone use to maintain the temperature.
3. Nozzles:
Nozzles are used for humidity control. In S3 and ultra control system machines the
nozzles are present beneath the fans, and in other machines nozzles are in the
ducts.
4. Damper
These are present above the front door to maintain the balance between heating,
cooling and humidity.
5. Wet bulb and wicking probe
It is present in the front zones on the above of door. The main purpose is to show
the moisture level on the screen board by the help of sensor.
6. Exhaust flange
Contaminated air passes through it. In S 3 and ultra control machines 6 no. of
exhaust flanges present on one side and other 6 present on other side. Total no. of
exhaust flange in machine is 12.
7. Air Restrictor:
Whole type restrictors are present on each fan. They are used to balance the
temperature of setter for most efficient working.

8. Temperature Sensor
In S3 machines temperature sensor probe is present in front ozone on the ceiling
(left side) between 3rd and 4th column of setter machine. And second temperature
sensor probe is present in the rear zone in ceiling (right side) between 15 th and 16th
column of setter machine. In other machine thermostat is used. Two thermostat
boxes are present in one machine one in rear and second in front zone. In each

box 4 thermostat are present 1st for indication of low temperature, 2 nd for high
temperature, 3rd for ceiling and 4th for front heat. Rear heat is detected by rear
zone box.
9. Solenoid valve
It is present on above of door in rear zone. In S3 setter machine three no. of
solenoid valve (two for cooling) purpose and one for humidity). In other machine
two value are used one for cooling and one for humidity.
Working: When temperature, humidity, cooling is low according to requirement,
than solenoid valve working according to following sequence when requirement
are low then alarm siren is start.
CPU current SSR (solid state relay) solenoid valve magnetic produce
pin opened then operation is start according to requirements.
10. Cooling pipes:These are installed horizontally with roof to cool down the temperature in setter.
Egg Setting in Setter:
Unit-1
Each setter has capacity of 6 setting at time
Each setting use three trolleys
S2

Each trolley contain racks

Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

30
165
4,950
14,850
89,100
576

Each trolley contain racks

Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

32
165
5,280
15,840
95,040
576

S3

ISIS
Each trolley contain racks
Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

32
165
5,280
15,840
95,04
576

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

32
165
5,280
15,840
95,040
576

Ultra Control System

Each trolley contain racks
Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

Total capacities of eggs at unit-1 are:

S2 model are 2 incubators;

2x 89,100

178,200 eggs

S3 model are 8 incubators;

8x 95,040

760,320 eggs

ISIS model are 4 incubators;

4x 95,040

380,160 eggs

Ultra Control System model are 14 incubators;

14x 95,040

1,330,560 eggs

Grand Total eggs at unit-1

2,649,240 eggs

UNIT-2
In Unit-2 there total 16 chick master USA incubator/ Hatchers are fixed. In which 8- genius S 4
and 8 Gem Control machines.
The specifications of the machines are at Unit-2 are:
S. No
1.
2.

Name

Company

Genius S4
Gem Control

Chick Master USA

Chick Master USA

No of
Hatcher
08
08

No of
Incubator
08
08

Capacity of
eggs
95,040
95,040

Eggs setting in unit-2

Each setter has capacity of 6 setting at time
Each setting use three trolleys
Genius S4

Each trolley contain racks

Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

32
165
5,280
15,840
95,040
576

=
=
=
=
=
=
18

32
165
5,280
15,840
95,040
576

95,040x16= 1,520,640 eggs

Gem Control

Each trolley contain racks

Each rack has eggs
Each trolley consists of eggs
One setting have eggs
Total capacity
Total racks in machine
Total Trolley in machine =

So, the total capacities of eggs at unit-2 are

Total Capacities of eggs at

Sadiq Poultry (Pvt) Sheikhupura Hatchery =

4,169,880 eggs

EGG TRANSFER ROOM

Eggs are removed from the setter after 18 days and transferred to the hatcher trays. This is done
for two reasons. The eggs are laid on their sides to allow free movement of the chick out of the
shell at hatching. It also assists hygiene; large quantities of fluff are generated during hatching
and could spread this potential contamination around the hatchery.
In modern hatcheries there two main components.
1. Setter
2. Hatcher

1. Setter / Incubator
Setter is also called Incubator. In which the eggs are kept for 18 days in control
temperature, humidity and ventilation. The eggs are rotating in every hour and kept on
450 . After 18 days the eggs are transfer to Hatcher. The room temperature of incubator
should be 75-78 oF (Average 76 oF).
Required Temperature
=
99.5 oF
Requires Humidity
=
85.0 oF
The optimum physical conditions for any embryo to grow successfully are needed:

Correct temperature
Correct humidity
Correct Ventilation
Regular hourly turning of eggs

The incubators which are used for commercial purpose had divided into three categories:
Multi stage fixed rack
Multi stage trolley loading
Single stage trolley loading
The quantity of eggs to be loaded in each machine at each set, the frequency of loading (one or
twice a week) and the position of the set within the machine will vary in each manufacture.
Follow the rules of the machine.
2. Hatcher
Eggs kept in setter for first 18 days and transferred to the Hatcher for the last 3 days for
incubations.
The Hatcher tray is called Vertical flat piece (VFP). This contains 165 fertile eggs. Each
Hatcher trolley contains 16 trays, and each Hatcher contains 6 trolleys. The room
temperature of Hatcher should be 75-78 oF (Average 76 oF).

Dimensions
Length
Width
Height
Volume

=
=
=
=

5.5 Ft
1.5 Ft
4 inchs
33 Ft3

Required Temperature

98.5 oF

Requires Humidity

85-90 oF

THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE DURING INCUBATION / TIME BEFORE

THE CHICKS ON THE HATCHING RESULTS
The influence of the temperature during
incubation on the hatching results
Temperature in oF
% hatched chicks of
fertile eggs
96
20
97
50
98
70
99
89
100
87
101
75
102
65
103
50

The influences of the temperature during on the

time before the chicks are hatched.
Temperature in oF Number of days needed for
incubation an hatching
97
22.5
98
21.5
99-100
21.0
102
19.5

CHANGE OF THE WEIGHT OF THE HATCHING EGG DURING INCUBATION AND

OF THE CHICK WEIGHT AFTER HATCHING
(RESULT OF SEVERAL TRIALS)

Weight of the egg

set (g)
70
61
59
57
55
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45

Weight of the egg after 18

days Incubation (g)
60.5
53.4
53.5
51.5
49.8
47.1
46.3
46.2
45.0
44.1
43.2
42.7
42.5
41.2

Chick weight at
hatching (g)
50.8
43.3
41.2
39.0
37.0
36.2
36.1
35.5
34.9
34.5
34.0
32.6
32.4
32.1

Chick weight at day

old (g)
47.5
41.6
38.8
36.0
34.5
34.0
33.9
32.8
32.0
31.2
31.2
30.0
30.1
30.0

What is transfer?
Transfer means movement of eggs from setter toward Hatcher. It is recommended
that transfer should be at 18th day.
During transfer of eggs temperature of hall should be 90 0F disinfection of hall is necessary.
COOLING GENERATOR

There are fixed the automatic cooling generator in Hatcher/incubator to provide the
moisture and cooling. To regulate the temperature there are well fitting of steel pipes in
incubator. The cooling pressure is 40-70 psi, while the moisture is 40-80 psi. In cooling pipes the
water temperature is 10-12 oC.
HUMIDITY OPERATION
The humidity is provided in the Hatcher/ incubator by the two spraying nozzles. The fog of water
produces by spray nozzles. The pressure of the spray is 60 psi (Pound per square inch) at 4.1
atmospheric pressure.
CANDLING
It means to separate the fertile and infertile eggs. In the hatcher candlings is done at time
of transfer, which is practiced in transfer hall. Candling box has two sides but there is gap
between both. Bulbs are installed on both side and eggs trays as place at gap. 10 bulbs are install
in each candling table (five each side). Eggs are put on the candling table in which high light
intensity bulbs are used which helps to distinguish between the clear (infertile) and embrynated
(fertile) eggs. The clear eggs manually picked up and fertile eggs containing embryo and transfer
to Hatcher tray. The eggs trolley should not be held more than 15-20 min out of setter. Because
chilling of eggs outside setter machine is occurs may cause death of embryo.
Normal candling % age in young flock is about 4-7% and in old flock it may be reached
upto 10-20%.
During candling it is highly recommended to maintain the room temperature to the incubator
temperature. In winter season start the heater in transfer room about 06 hours before of candling
to maintain the room temperature.

Water Loss from eggs

Many factors affect the water loss from the eggs. For maximum hatchability water
loss should be 12-13%. It can obtain when humidity of setter is between 50-60%. When
we increase the humidity of setter room the water loss will be less than 13% causes less
availability of oxygen to developing embryo and result will be the drowning of embryo in
its on metabolic water. When humidity lowers the water low will be more causing dry of
embryo.

Hatcheries operated at altitude experience reduced the percentage of hatchability above

the 2000 m form sea level.
Factors affecting the water loss
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Temperature of setter
Size of eggs
Age of breeder flock
Humidity of setter
Strength of eggs shell

HATCHER ROOM:
Eggs transfer from setter to Hatcher at 18th day of incubation so, eggs trays in Hatcher for
almost 3 days. Every Hatcher whose capacity equal to the no. of eggs single in setting. In
Hatcher humidity must be increased but only within certain limits. Correct moisture prevents the
beak of chicken from sticking to the newly piped shells and allows for free movement of
chickens head at the time of pepping. Hatcher room divided into two parts.
1. Hatcher machine
2. Hatcher Hall
1. Hatcher Machine
Ultra Control system dimension:
Length
=
12 Ft
Width
=
5.10 Ft
Height
=
7.10 Ft
S3 dimension
Length
=
11 Ft
Width
=
5.4 Ft
Height
=
6 .6 Ft

Availability:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Fans
Heaters
Nozzles
Damper
Wet bulb and wicking probe.
Exhaust flange
Temperature flange
Selonide valve

9. Cooling coils
10. Air inlet ducts
Note: - Machine should be power on 2-4 hours before eggs set in Hatcher.
Temperature and humidity in Hatcher:
Temperature
High Temperature alarm
Low temperature alarm
Humidity
High wet bulb temperature alarm
Low wet bulb temperature

=
=
=
=
=
=

98.5 0F
99.8 0F
97.8 0F
85-90 0F
92 0F
80 0F

TROUBLE SHOOTING OF CHICKS

The following are main cause are documented for poor hatchability and as a result the
dead embryo are found in shell.
1. Egg size and shell quality
2. Air Space
3. Position of embryo within shell
4. Anatomical abnormalities
5. Unused albumen
6. Age of embryo
MALPOSITIONS
1. Head between thighs
2. Head in small end of egg
3. Head to left instead of under right wing
4. Embryo rotated in such a way that the beak is not directed toward the air cell.
5. Feet over head
6. Beak above right wing instead of underneath it.

VENTILATION:
Ventilation during last 3 days is very important for the availability of the O 2 and moisture
is required to the developing chicks in the eggs and removes of carbon dioxide which are
produce by the eggs.
In setter/Hatcher required 200 ft3/min oxygen. 1000 fertile eggs at 18th day require 30 ft3/min
oxygen. Temperature is required 75 0F, while humidity is 60%
2.

Hatcher Hall
Temperature
Humidity %

=
=

75 0F
55 60%

Dimension:
Length
Width
Height
Volume (LxWxH)

=
=
=
=

84 Ft
25 Ft
10 Ft
21000 Ft3

Availability
1. AC
2. Heater
3. Exhaust fan
4. Tubes
5. Machines
6. Lighting vent
7. Hygrometer
8. Thermostat

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

4
3
01
8
7
4
1
1

HATCHERY SANITATION
Hatchery eggs must be produce by healthy breeding stock, the eggs incubated under
sanitary condition as chicks delivered in clean vehicles.
Disinfection of Hatchery:
Disinfection with following composition is mainly used in hatchery.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Chlorine
Phenols
Iodine
Formaldehyde
In unit-2 Paraformaldehyde (1%) is used as a disinfectant

Area to be disinfected
Hatching Eggs
Eggs Trays
Eggs Storage Room
Setter Room
Transfer Room
Hatcher & Dispatch Room
Rack
Trolley
Hatchers
Hatcher Trays
Vehicles

Type of disinfect
Formalin gas
Detergent Sanitizer
Detergent Sanitizer
Detergent Sanitizer
Detergent Sanitizer
Detergent Sanitizer
Iodine/chlorine
Wash with detergent
Allow formalin solution
Detergent
Detergent/disinfect

Frequency
Before Setting
Before return to farm
Weekly
After every set
After every transfer
After each hatch
Daily
Every week
After every hatch
After every hatch
On each return to hatchery

.
USE OF FORMALIN
Formalin use in Hatcher for following purpose.
To control bacterial count
Requirement of formalin according (1X) 600 ml distributed in 6 pots under each trolley.
1. Normal Egg Fumigation
45 ml of 40% aqueous formalin and 30g of KMnO 4 per cubic meter of space or 100g/m3 of Paraformalin heated in an electric fumigator.
2. Continues Hatcher Fumigation
60% ml/m3 of 40% aqueous formalin placed in an enamel dish at transfer and allowed to
evaporate. The dish must a surface area of 50 cm/m3 of Hatcher space.
3. Safety
Formalin gas escaping from chamber and from Hatcher can present a hazard in hatcheries.
Modification or maintenance must be carried out to prevent such escape of gas. The limit for
formalin is 2 ppm at 25 0C.
Use safety mask and hand gloves.
CHICK GRADING AND PACKING ROOMS:
After hatching first work is to grade the chicks.
Chicks in Sadiq hatchery (Pvt) Limited is graded on following parameter:-

1.
2.
3.
4.

Optimum weight(40-45g)
No healed navel
Not dehydrated
No chick deformities

GRADING:
There are three grades in hatchery.
1. A-Grade:
A grade chicks have no deformities, no unhealed navel and optimum weight have. In
these chicks get max rate in market.
2. Small
Small chick has all qualities of A grade chick expect that they have less weight than
A grade. The %age of small chicks is more in young breeder flock and it decreases as
the age of breeder flock increase. The price rate of small chick 75% of A grade.
3. B-Grade
Chick have unhealed navel i.e. having button, low feather comparatively weaker. These
are marketed as 50% of A grade chicks.
FACTOR EFFECTING ON CHICK SIZE
There are some factors which affect the size of chicks.
1. The size of egg play a great role to affect the size of chick, normally the size of chick is
about 66-68% of egg size. Thus, the chick from average size 60g of egg will be weigh
around 40g, where as the individual chick weights are round about 43 to 46g.
2. During incubation the egg loss the weigh. This also contributes to chick weight variation
from eggs of the same size.
3. The time between hatching and delivery is also affect the weight of chick.
The eggs lose 12% of their weight through water loss during incubation. So, if a 60g egg is
incubated to loss 12% of its weight, chick will weight 41g on its delivery.
RECORDS KEEPING OF HATCHARY
1.

Hatchery record has multipurpose:

To assist in daily or weekly management decision
To monitor and control egg and chick flow through hatchery
To assist in overall policy decisions

2. This necessitates two levels of record keeping:

Individual flock and incubator performance date on fertility, hatchability, number of culls,
rots etc
The total cost of producing 100 chicks, which may be broken down into labor, electricity,
oil, overheads and transport.

3.

Record sheets should be:

Easy to complete
Easy to understand and interpret
Easy to check for accuracy
Easy to compare with expected values

4. A specimen of hatch report shows the following information on one page

FLOCKS
Code

Age
wks

EGGS
No
Recd

Date
recd

Age
When
Set
(day)

CHICKS
Date
Set

Setter

Clears
No

Break

Rots

Hatcher

No of A grade
Actual

std

DIAGNOSIS OF HATCH FAILURES

1. Infertility:
Male:

Too young or too old

Lameness resulting from poor litter quality

Females:

Broodiness

Both Sexes:

Incorrect mating ratio

Diseases
Over weight

2. Early dead germs:

Chilled or overheated eggs in store

Fumigation in setters
Washing in very hot water
High no of contaminated floor eggs
Improper egg storage
Viruses disease such as IB (Infectious bronchitis)
Incorrect temperature in setter
Incorrect turning in setter

% A grade
Actual

std

Culls
No

3. Late deaths:

High/ low setter temperature

Incorrect turning
Poor storage
Egg contamination
Faulty nutrition
Poor ventilation

High temperature/ humidity 1 to 19 days

Small eggs

Low temperature or humidity 1 to 19 days

Large eggs
Low Hatcher temperature

Temperature to high on 20 to 21 days

Broken eggs in tray
Inadequate turning

Eggs set upside down

Odd shaped eggs
Inadequate turning

High temperature 1 to 19 days

High humidity 20 to 21 days

Crossed beak due to hereditary or virus infection

Missing eyes due to high temperature or rough handling
Spraddle legs due to smooth Hatcher trays.

4. Hatching early:

5. Hatching Late:

6. Sticky Chicks:

7. Malpositions:

8. Unhealed Navels:

9. Abnormal chicks

VACCINATION:
After the grading the chicks are vaccinated to enchase their internal immune system against the
diseases. The chicks are vaccinated by automatic vaccinating machine (Zoo Tec) bearing 5 bar
pressure, having 21 gauge needles which is inserted S/C in cervical region of chicks.

The pressure is providing by automatic compressor automatically. Normally a vaccinator can

perform 2000 vaccine to day-old chicks per hour. If the count is increase then it will be notice
that the vaccination is going wrong. Bloody and wet hairs of chicks are count as wrong vaccine.
Vaccine
The vaccine which are perform to day-old chicks at Sadiq Poultry (Pvt) Limited Sheikhupura
Hatchery is VAXXITEK HVT + IBD which contain (IB, Mareks diseases Vaccine serotype 3,
Live Mareks diseases Vector) this vile is mixed with 400 ml of sterile diluents (Merial Select
Inc US vet license no 279). This 400 ml solution is injected to 2000 day old chicks at 0.2 cc per
chick.
In addition to enchase the immune system of small chicks 925 ml of ringer solution,
added 50 ml of Aminovel600 (Otsuka Pakistan Ltd) and 25 ml of B-Complex. While floor eggs
chick are injected by broad spectrum antibiotic Enrofloxacine. Such 1000 ml solution is
injected to 4000 day old chicks at 0.25 cc per chick.
Spray
Nobilis IB MA5 and Nobilis IB 4-91 are live attenuated, freeze vaccine against IB (Infectious
Bronchitious) in chickens. Each dose contains at least 103 EID50 IB virus strain MA5 (serotype
Massachusetts).
The vaccine should be dissolved in cool, clean water which is free of iron and chlorine. The vials
should be opened under the water. The spray apparatus should be free of sediments, corrosion
and traces of disinfects. The vaccine medicated water should be spread evenly over the correct
number of birds, at a distance of 30 to 40 cm, preferably when the birds are setting together in
dim light. For day-old chicks, use 0.25 litter of water per 1000 birds and set the nozzle to
produce droplets.
For broiler these vaccination by coarse spray or oculo/nasal administration at one day old
of age. An adequate immunity against the Massachusetts type of IB will last for approximately 6
weeks; provide that the vaccine is properly administrated.
PACKING OF CHICKS:
Chicks are packed in boxes which are made of hard paper. In each box further small part
are present. In each part 25 chicks are packed. So, in one box total 100 chicks are packed. (2%
extra also packed which compensate rational mortality).
Note: In summer season normally 80-85 chicks are packed.
CHICK ROOM
The dimension of chicks room is.

Length

120 Ft

Width

60 Ft

Height

10 Ft

Volume

72,000 Ft3

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

16
11
3
2
3
3
1
3
1

Availability:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Fan
Tubes
Exhaust fan
AC /Heater
Humidity fire
Light vent
Hygrometer
Heater
Thermostat

The capacity of chicks in the room is more than 400 boxes (400x102=40,800).
Temperature
=
75 0F
Humidity
=
70-75%
Ventilation is 20 ft3/min/ 1000 chicks.
CHICKS DELIVERY:
Chicks Delivery is in the early in the morning and must be safe and comfortable .Try to provide
them minimum stress.
WASHING AREA:
In washing area eggs pellets and trolleys are washed. For this purpose washing machine
is used named as BREUIL which have no. of sprinkling nozzles with high water pressure. In this
some detergent are used for washing. The capacity it can wash 15-16 trays/ min. It can wash
complete hatch of plastic trays in one hour.
HATCHERY WASTE DISPOSAL:
The average of 85% hatchability, 15% of the eggs will be either infertile or contain dead
embryos. Such eggs, together with the egg shells which remain after chick take off, constitute
hatchery waste. There are few profitable outlets for this waste material. In some where
legislation that it is prohibits that hatchery waste products are use as by product due to risk of
pathogenic organism.

For crushing of waste material a grinder is used which grind the culled chicks and shell of
eggs. It takes 40-45 min to grind the complete residue.

SUMMARY
During the internship program in order to observe the data of health & management
and production of Poultry at Sadiq Poultry (Pvt) Limited, Sheikhupura Hatchery is the one of
leading company of poultry in Pakistan whose provide best quality chicks and eggs.
There are two production units in which 44 automatic electrical incubator and Hatcher
made by Chick Master USA are functional.
In SB Hatchery there are leading and good quality of sanitary protocol are performing
during the eggs grading, fumigation as well as in Hatcher and incubator for quality hatching.

According to the weight and quality of chicks are available in three grading such as AGrad, Small and then B-Grade. A-Grad whose weight is more than 38 gm and good in health,
while small is full equal in quality as A-Grad but having less weight from 38 gm, while B-Grade
chick have unhealed navel i.e. having button, low feather comparatively weaker.
To prevent the early mortality in chicks and enhance the immune system of chicks there
is performing regular vaccination to day-old chicks. The vaccine which are administrated to
prevent the chicks from IB, IBD Mareks diseases Vaccine serotype 3, Live Mareks diseases
Vector are very common and regular use.

CONCLUSION
It is concluded that Poultry Production units of Sadiq Poultry (Pvt) Limited
Sheikhupura Hatchery, are performing significant job to provide best nutritional quality of chicks
and eggs. Which play key role in the economics of Pakistan.
SB chicks/eggs are the leading and popular due to their low mortality, enhanced immune
system against viral and bacterial diseases, good weight, their good quality and good nutritions
requirements to the human body.

SB chicks are recommended from Pakistan Poultry Association to all over country due to
their good quality and to full fill the nutritions requirements to the human body.

APPENDIX
Duration of work

Three months

Place of study

Sadiq Poultry (Pvt) Limited

Sheikhupura Hatchery, Punjab.

Chairman of internship
Program

APPROVED BY
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ghaisuddin Shah
Professor and Chairman
Department
Veterinary Anatomy & Histology,
Faculty of Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Sciences,
Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ghaisuddin Shah

Professor and Chairman
Department
Veterinary Anatomy & Histology,
Faculty of Animal Husbandry
and Veterinary Sciences,
Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam

ADNAN YOUSAF
Student Final Year DVM