Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PART 1
ISLAM is not a terrorist religion , but it faced terrorism from inside and
outside. Terrorism is the worst kind of Heresy. Such a Heresy does contradict
Orthodox Isla:m.
The third Caliph Usman was first to face the terrorism from inside.The
insurrectors, some of them latter became the most terrorist sect in the
history of Religious History namely Kharjites terrorized Muslim world for
centuries after.
But there were some monarchs who became a symbol of terrorism for the
Orthodox Islam such as Mamu:n Ar Rahid[], Akbar Son Of Humaiun: etc.
Mamu:n was a liberal to all the religions of the world with the Exception of
Orthodox Islam, and Akbar was liberal to all the religions except Islam [not
just Orthodox sect of Islam].
We come to the worst period of Muslim History when the Mutazilite
Liberalists tried to use the Imperial Power against the Orthodox Islamic sect
called Sunnism. After Mamun Al Mut-sim was an other person who
continued brutality and injustice to Orthodox Islam.
The story begins with the question := Whether Quran is a Creation Of Deity
[ALL-H]?.
This is a corollary of a fundamental questions:= (Q1)Doeth Deity Possess
Attributes of Perfection like Power, Life etc?.(Q2)Are Divine Attributes
Creation Of Deity?
Consider the following conundrum .
If The Deity is Attributeless then The Deity Ceaseth to be Deity. Since in this
case Deity is Powerless, Knowledgeless, Sightless, Willless, Speechless etc.
Deity is Imperfect Being In this case which contradicts the basic Axiom of all
Semitic religions that Deity is the Perfect Being.
If Deity Possesseth Attributes Of Perfection then:=
Either they are Eternal or Not. If they are not Eternal then this means in the
Eternity Deity Was Powerless, Knowledgeless etc. If they are Eternal then:=
Either they are Identical to the Deity or they are Distinct From the Deity.
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In the first case the Divine Self is implied to be Plural as well as Singular. This
implies that Divine Self i.e Deity is Identical to plurality and Singularity. This
is Absurd ,Surd and Impossible. If they are Distinct From Divine Self then this
is Analogous to Christian Trinity ,rather Polynity since the number of Eternal
Attributes is greater than the number three.
Mutazalah took a position that they denied All the Divine Attributes yet they
claimed that they believe that Attributes are Identical to the Divine Self i.e
Deity. This claim was never checked and for a long time Identity and Denial
of Attributes were considered as a Tautology. But the dogma of Identity Of
Attributes doeth have its own problems. Majority of Ahlussunnah rejected
this dogma.
They make is clear that an Attribute is neither a Substance nor it is Parse
Subsistence, and it Existeth in Divine Essence not included in the Essence
but Associated With the Divine Essence i.e Divine Self. That is why An
Attribute Of Deity is not a Hypostasis Of Athanasian Christianity. A Hypostasis
is a Per Se Subsistent even if it is not a Substance. How ever Mutazilah were
unable to distinguish between a Per Se Subsistent Hypostasis and an
Attribute Which Is Associated With the Divine Self i.e Essence.A lesser
number of Asharites and Maturidites believe that Attributes of Deity
areIdentical to Deity ,but they make a distinction between in the Dogmas of
Identity of Attributes and denial of Attributes.
But in the time of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal Sunnites system of Theology did
not use Philosophical terms in order to convey their beliefs. Great Sunni
Theologians like Imam Ashari, Imam Maturidi, and Sulfites Philosophers were
not born yet. We return to the time of Imam Ahmad to see what was the
Religious situation.
All the Muslims believe that Quran is the Divine Attribute Of Speech except
Jahmites. Mutazilah who disbelieve in Divine Attributes began to believe that
Quran is a Creation. There this belief was rejected by all fractions of Sunnism
[Ahlussunnah Wal Jamaaah] alike.
The first one were to face Mutazilah were Muhaddisun and Fuqha.The hero
of our Story is IMAM AHMAD BIN HANBAL. He was the leader of both Sunni
Fractions. The problem begin when a liberal Monarch who like Mutazilah who
was liberal to all religions and all sect became a symbol of terrorism to
Sunnis Scholars and excercised his power to convert Ahlussunnah to
Mutazilism .
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It may appear to be strange that a person like Mamun who was so liberal
towards all the religions in his dominion became so EXTREMIST against
Orthodox Islam that he used all the means of Brutality against them once for
all. Such figures may be seen in Muslim History how were liberal and secular
in their policies for all religions except Islam or Orthodox Islam as in the case
of Mamun.
Mamu:n tried to convert Orthodox Muslims to Heterodox and Heretic
Mutazilism by using force of arguments and arguments of force both alike.
As for the case of force of arguments, this was the first time that Sunnism
realized that Rationality and Reasons are also necessary then strict
traditional approach.
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal stood like a Mountain against the imperial might . In
the terms of Cricket , he was the last man on the wicket facing the fastest
ballers of Mutazilism. He finally won the match against all the odds .
Unfortunately no work is done in this regard to shew the west that Islam is a
target of terrorism , it is not a terrorist religion. Perhaps the story may bring
our readers an other image of Islam.
Sunni Islam consists of four theological sects which are Asharism, Maturisim,
[Ashari- Maturidi Amulgam ] Hanbalism and Salafism [Also Hanbali Salafi
Amalgam ].We have not counted Amalgams asSeperate sects.
A part from Extremists who do not make any compromise with any other
Sunni sects all of them are Sunnites in Essence and regard Imam Ahmad Bin
Hanbal as their undisputed leader.
Imam Ahmad Bi Hanbal did believe that Quran is UnCreated Attribute Of
Deity .
The Sunni sects however differ on minute details on the issue and not even a
single issue is remained un discussed. So leaving theological problem aside
we come back to the original problem of history.
I was greatly inspired by a Drama on Imam Ahmad in the Quran Number Of
Siyarah [Planet] Digest. But this digest had some problems. I rejected some
of the contents of the Drama and tried to rewrite it . But as details of history
are scattered in different books some authentic and some not it is difficult to
reconstruct the past at it is in the book. Further the proper order in the
events are not found with certainity and certitude. That is why the best thing
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is to use the probable approach to suggest their order. With addition of some
more works one can approach to the past if not with certainity then with a
good probability.
Further I have tried to add some fictious additions to make a continuity in
the series of events which were lacking as according to my limited
knowledge. Such additions do not have any historical value in the least sense
but with out them it is impossible to fill the gaps of available Matterials.
Some explanations are ascribed in dialogues which may not be found in
works of history. Some statements are added to make the theological
responses as clear as possible which may not be known to English readers
and audiances.
But the Essence and the Substance of the events are attempted to be
conserved .For some technical reasons I have used the secondary sources
prior to the primary Sources . How ever they were latter tested.
At times the capitalization of first letter of nouns ,pronouns, verbs, adjectives
prepositions etc are exercised in case of Deity ,and Honorable Persons,
specially for Hanbal Himself. One may call It Capitalization of majesty. Also at
times block letters are also used either for more emphasis then normally
used of for greater majesty.
The word Deity is used instead of the most common word for Supreme Being.
I think this word can convey a number of implications which the well known
word cannot. One may differ yet an author must write what he thinketh to be
the best.
The language is not so old yet the words thou etc and its relative verbs are
used to give an old look in the dialogues. Similarly for the verbs relative the
third person singular nouns th is used instead of common singular used
now a days. I do think it is necessary to understand the situation of the past.
The Noun Of Christos or Messeiah which is used is Iesous. I have neither used
Arabic Form I:sa: nor English form Jesus but the Greek form Iesous.
Some time colours are used to shew differences of emphasis and
explanations of situations.
I have not accepted Mutazalahs reports about the events of trial,since they
are not canonical but apocryphal ,hence unreliable, untrustworthy ,and
unauthorative. Mutazalah were not men of the field of conserving traditions,
narrations reports and oral dictum.
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For example Jah:iz: who was a Mutazili and literary polymath who wrote
books on
zoology and philosophy reporteth an event of trial as follow:
Ahmad ibn Abi Duad (the Mutazili chief qadi) asked him [Hanbal], "Is it true
that a thing must be either created or uncreated?"
[Han:bal:=] "Yes.""
[Qa:d:i: Abu:Da:vu:d:=] "And the Quran is a thing?"
"Yes."
[Qa:d:I: Abu Da:vu:d :=] "Is it true that only Deity is uncreated?"
?"
[H:anbal]"Yes."
[Qa:d:i:=]Then the Quran is created?"
[H:anbal:=]"I am no dialectician," he replied at last.
This is a fabricated report for several reasons.Either Al Jahiz hath invented it
in his imagination or accepted the unreliable source with out testing the
reliability and credibility at the chain of reporters and sources of the report,
1] It is well known that all the Ahlussunnah sects reject the Mutizilahs Axiom
of Only One Eternal.It is certainly not the belief of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal .
So this is a false ascription to Him if the word Shai is in the meaning of
Existent i.e One That Existeth.
2]Mutazilah did not believe themselves that any thing which is Uncreated is
Eternal. As in the case of Voluntary acts of Humans ,Jinns, Sitans and Angels,
they believed that they were neither Created nor Eternal. It was in the time
of Jabai when they faced the unanswerable question, about the Creator of
these stated above acts. Now Jabai was forced to chose that their respective
agents i.e doers are their Creator ,not the Deity.But this was not stated by
Mutazilah before him.
So the alleged argument of Only One Eternal is not even according to the
Mutazilahs standerd.
In regard to Ibn al-Bakka al-Akbar, it is reported that he replied to Ishaq the
official Questioner that the Quran was something made but not Created.
Ibn al Bakka was cleaver enough to send a silent message to Mamun , Abu
Davud and other Mutazilah scholars that as they themselves believe that
Voluntary Acts and Doings Of Human beings etc,. are neither Eternal Nor
Created but temporal and made or done or both, the same is true for Divine
Acts and Doings. Although Majority of Ahlussunnah of Post Hanbal period
believe that any thing that is not Created by Deity is either Eternal or non
Existent, the same is not true for Mutazilah and their proto sect Qadriyah.
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Any how Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal could easily response by Ibu Davud, if he
was actually asked to answer the above argument as follow:=
Doeth Deity Have Power Over All Things.
Either He Hath or He Doeth Not Have It.
If He Doeth Not Have It then It Contradicteth verses Of Quran which say
Divine Omnipotence Is Upon All Things.
If He Hath It then He Must Have Power /Omnipotence Over HimSelf Since
Deity Is HimSelf a Thing.
If Deity Is Not a Thing then Simply Deity Is Nothing. In more simple words if
all things are possible to Deity then it implieth that Deity is Himself Possible
to HimSelf. But this cannot be. Obviously the word thing is not in the
meaning of Existent.
An other conundrum would have been a problem for Al Jah:iz: and Abi Duad
a like is as follow:= Does Deity Hath Power over every Thing or not. If not
then Deity is Weak. If Deity Hath Power over every thing then Is that Power
since Eternity or Not. If Not then Divine Power is not Eternal. This again
Implieth Deity is Eternally Weak and Eternally Not Omnipotent. If this Power
over all Things are Eternal then the Things in the Eternal Power are also
Eternal. If Eternal then Deity is not the only Eternal , but each and every
thing that is in His Eternal Power is also Eternal. This implieth the Eternity of
all the Things OTHER THAN DEITY and BESIDE DEITY.This conundrum is so
Powerful that it is valid if atleast a single thing is believed to be in Divine
Power.
It would have been impossible to be answered on Mutazilahs own ground.
Since they can only response that Deity is an Exception. If Deity Is an
Exception then Divine Attributes like Divine Omniscinence, Divine
Omnipotence and Divine Speech are also Exceptions along With Deity. A
Possible response may be given that the word Thing in Mutazilahian
nomenclature means only Contingents and Deity is neither Contingent nor
Absurd
But in this case Mutazilah must face an other problem. Deity Doeth Know
each and every Thing . The word Thing in this regard meaneth a general
term which is equally predicated with out any change in meaning to Absurds,
Possibles/Contingents and Necessaries. So If this word meaneth Only
Contingents or Possibles then this is Tautological to the claim that Deity
Neither Knoweth Impossibles, Absurds , Contingents that hath not occurred
or shall not occur, and even His Own Divine Self which pertaineth Him as a
Tautological Appertainment.So if the word Thing is used for the very Deity
HimSelf and doeth not make any problem for Mutazilah, the very same word
if used for Divine Attributes Cannot make any problem to Orthodox as well.
So it is clear that all of these are just product of Jahizs own mind.
If Imam was to be asked the question := Is Deiy the Only Eternal, His was to
reply them as follow:
They Only Eternal Essence is Divine or Divine Essence Is the Only Eternal
Essence.
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I is certainly impossible for a Mutazil to accept that a person survives all the
punishments \ sentenced to him just for a belief which Mutazili think as
absolutely wrong. This might have inclined him to concoct and fabricate
reports. If there is some truth in them even then there are distortions in
them.
One cannot trust in Al Jah:iz:s reports .
May I ask the learned scholar that if all the canonical reports of Imam
Ahmad are false then what is the authority of Al Hahiz himself. Further Imam
was not freed but sent to his home where is was kept as a captive in his
house and was not allowed to teach. Similarly if the canonical reporters are
to be disbelieved [ at worst according to Vann] or to be doubted [ at best
according to Vann] then why he believes that Non Canonical reporters ate
reporting the truth with historical certainty??
Is this not like to reject New Testamental Gospels and to accept Apocryphal
Gospels, which may not be acceptable on religious and seculat grounds since
New Testamental Works pre-exist Apocryphal Gospels.
Based on a single argument Vann tries to refute the credibility and reliability
of canonical[Al Qa:nu:ni] reports and to second non canonical reports. On
what authority he has the right to dispute with canonism [Al Qanu:inah].
But the argument it self is a weak one. It is possible that Monarch who ruled
with a power resting in him and not subject to any constitution , whether
Islamic or Secular , and to follow Islamic Laws was a matter of choice not a
compulsion in regard to him in several cases, released Imam Ah:mad Bin
H:anbal. What impossibility Vann has found?. One must not talk about Logical
and Mathematical Possibilities Impossibilities but only discuss Historical
Possibilities. If such an event is historically possible then Vanns argument
becomes too weak to be considered worthy to be refuted. How ever some
may modify Vanns argument and may claim that: Although it is Historically
Possible yet it is Historically Improbable. But first this claim of Historically
Improbable is highly controversial, and may not be accepted. Second , a
Reliable Historical Report can only be challenged if there is a Historical
Impossibility. But not upon a Historical Improbability.It is once again to
escape the scope of the present book to discuss the Historical Probability of
this event in particular and such events in general. Laws and principles of
Historicity cannot be suspended by the greatness of Vanns scholarship.
Although I respect him as a scholar , but even his arguments be subject of
critical studies
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Why Mutasim sent him and not kept him in the prison in the capital is a
question but not an argument.
A question about an event cannot challenge the historicity of the event. So it
is not the responsibility of a historian to answer the questions which he
reports. There may be a number of reasons can be suggested but this
question even if not answered can not be a disprove of the reported events .
A possible answer is that Mutasi:im did admire the knowledge of Imam. He
only ordered to scourge him so that he may copulate. But when he found
out that Imam is not going to copulate he ordered him to send him to his
house since it was clear to him that this procedure is just useless and is not
going to work. Ancient Monarchs who ruled by degrees and orders some time
can be difficult to rationalize and to reason.A lot depend upon their will which
may vary from one time to an other time, even if the time period between
these two times is short.
I detail discussion on J Vann Esss argument may be seen in the last as a
Suppliment.
Hoping that it will help people in the English speaking world to understand
Muslims and their patience against different sorts of terrorism and injustice ,
I may now depart from my readers with love, affection and good will, all at
the same time.
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PART2
An Indian King
Once upon a time some where in Indian Subcontinent there was a kingdom
ruled by a Hindu ruler. He some how got the knowledge of Islam and tried to
know about details about this relatively new religion.
In the court he tried to discuss the matter with the courtiers and nobilities.
Maha Raja:= I have heard that the religion of Arabs is prevailing and people
of different parts are accepting this religion.
Courtier1: Maha Raja if I may be allowed to speak I have heard that is new
religion is spread by the Argument Of Force and not by the Force of
Arguments.
Mara Raja: And What are thy sources for this claim.
Coutier1: Ihave heard it from some of our scholars that Arabs generally do
not like Philosophical questions.
Mahara Raja := I doubt it .
Courtier1:= Maha Raja , we can find the truth just by asking the Muslim
Caliph to provide us some answers to some Philosophical Questions.
Maha Raja := Dost thou have any?
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Courtier1: Yes Maha Raja we may ask to our theological scholars to send
some question.
MahaRaja:= Let a Philosopher be called.
After some time a Scholar inters the court.
Hindu Philosopher:Hari Om
Maha Raja stood from his thrown to shew respect.
Maha Raja: Great Saint I have called thee for a purpose.
Hindu Philosopher: Sir I have been informed and I have brought a set of
questions.
Maha Raja := I want thee to state just a single question and thou maist Judge
the weight of the reply when thy question is replied by the Scholars of the
new faith.
Hindu Philosopher:= I have a better idea, Why not ask the Muslim Ruler to
send us a Muslim Scholar so that we may discuss with him in person.
Maha Raja:= A very good idea indeed.
Maha Raja to the Epistle writer.
Maha Raja: Write as I say.
Royal Writer:= As thee commandest.
Maha Raja:=
From Maharaja to The Great Muslim Caliph:
Respected Caliph Of Muslims I am interested in thy religion .How ever I am
informed that thy religion does not like reason. If thee canst send me a
Muslim Scholar to answer some of our questions in regard to thy faith and
articles of faith I shall be obliged. I want to know the truth where this
allegation is true or false.
From Maha Raja.
In the court of Caliph Harun Rashid a sound breaks.
Speaker:= Caliph a deligation from India Wants to be in thy Court.
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Hindu Scholar:= If thy Deity is Omnipotent then Doeth He the Power to make
an other Deity like Him?
If He doeth Not then He ceaseth to be Omnipotent. If He doeth have this
power then this meanth He can destroy His Oness.
If He can Destroy His Unity then He ceaseth to be the Deity.
Muslim Scholar: This is a theological question and legal scholars do not like
to indulge in such questions.
Maha Raja:= Is that all thou canst say?
Muslim Scholar :Yes Sir.
Maha Raja:= Thou disappointed me. I have seen enough. Thou mayst return
to thy country.
To the Royal Writer of Epistle.
Maha Raja: Write to the Caliph Of Muslims. Seeing is beleaving. I have seen
that thy religion cannot answer a simple question of theology. Why should
one eccept thy religion. It is not for enlightened persons.
In the court of the Great Muslim Caliph a speaker saith that the Our scholar
hath returned but was unable to reply a single question.
Harun:= This is a disgrace .
Speaker:= May I read the Text of the Indian Monarchs epistle.
After hearing the Epistle Caliph asked the delegation about the question
asked in the Indian Court.
Member of Delegation: Sir He asked a Question which I do not like to repeat.
Caliph: What was the question.
Member: The Question was : If Deity is Omnipotent then Doeth He the Power
to Make Another Deity Like Himself. If He doeth not hath this Power He
ceaseth to be Omnipotent. If He doeth Hath this Power He ceaseth to be Unit
Deity.
Caliph: Can any one answer this conundrum?
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A Courtier: Sir if I may say that only Dialectics Can Response to Theological
Question. Theologian are disliked in thy court. If only thou hath allowed them
in thy court Sir , We would not be ashamed of this disgrace.
Caliph: Is there a theologian in the court.
A young student stood up AND SAID. Sir I am a student of theology as well.
How ever as theologians are not liked in the court I kept it as a secret.
Caliph: If thou can answer this Conundrum.
Student:= Great Caliph Of Muslims. This question is analogous to the
Question . Can Deity make Him Weak and destroy His Omnipotence.?
Caliph: An other problem
Student : Not at all Sir. Divine Power is Omnipotence in the sense that it is on
each and every Possible and Contingent. Absurdities, Impossibilities and
Incontingencies all Exclude Omnipotence of Deity.
Exclusion Of them do not limit Divine Power from being Omnipotence.
Caliph:= I accept my mistake to impose an useless ban on Theologians and
Dialectics. Let this boy be send to Indian Maharaja.
Courtier. Sir he is just a student. He may not be able to answer more
complex questions. It is there fore reqiuested that thou mayst send a Scholar
of theology.
Caliph: So send him soon.
To the royal Writer of the court.
Write as dictated.
Indian Maha Rja I am sending thee a person perfect for discussion.
Unfortunately I chose a person who was not a theologian but a legal
specialist.
Mamun one of the sons of The Great Caliph was hearing all this with Great
Care. He said to one of the coutiers.
Mamun:= I want to study Theology. Arrange a Teacher for me.
History does not recard what happen to the teacher send to India.
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PART3
Several years latter Mamun is at was with his step brother Amin.
Caliph Harun had died and the two brothers are struggling for the thrown.
Amin and Mamun are two brothers who have a common father but their
mothers are different. Amin is the son of noble Queen Zubaidah he beloved
wife of Harun and Mamun is the son of a bound maid .
How ever Mamun is extra ordinary brilliant . In the war Amin is killed and
Mamun won the crown and the throne. Now he is the Caliph .
In the court of Mamun.
Mamun: As the Caliph Of Muslims I assure that I shall always remain faithful
to the religion. My policy is liberal. I do not want people to live under fear but
in love. There is full freedom of speech ,and Ibelieve that we can settle all
the religious and sectarian disputes by dialogues ,discussions and debates.
Courtiers: Hail to the new Caliph.
Mamun Looking at a Bound Maid asketh her to sit beside him.
As she cometh she maketh an objection
Bound Maid: Dear Caliph I cannot sit beside thee.
Mamun: Why Am I not worth of thee.
Bound Maid: No Sir but thy mouth smellest which I cannot bear.
Mamun is ashamed , and asketh the Royal Physician to give him medicine for
this.
A Courtier: Great Caliph Punish the Woman, she hath make some disgrace in
thy highness.
Mamun: Not at all. This is her right and I have assured every one freedom of
expression.
If she hath not told the truth no one else would have. She is one of the best
woman in the court who loveth truth .
An Other Courtier: What a Justice. Hail to Mamun.
An other time inside the court.
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Mamun : Let us play a game. Any one toucheth any thing in the court then it
is his or her.
All the people begineth to touch different expensive things. A man even
toucheth the crown of Mamun.
Mamun: Take the crown. Now it is thine.
Man : Mamun is Great, the lover of peace, justice, and truth.
A Bound maid cometh and touches Mamun.
Bound Maid: I toucheth Mamun, as he himself is inside the premises of the
courth. Now He is mine.
Every one in the court is astonished.
Mamun: Thou hast owned me. Now I am Thine. I take thee as my queen.
Courtiers:= Hath any one seen such a person who liveth by love and justice.
Mamun: To rule with fear is the worst kind of government , to rule with love
and friendship is the best kind of government.
An other time in the court.
Mamun to one of his slaves in the court.
Mamun: Just bring me a cup of water.
Slave:= Why should I. If thou are thirsty thou shouldst go thy self.
Mamun to another slave.
Mamun:= A cup of water .
Second Slave: Why thou art so idle. Go thy self.
A Courtier:= Great Caliph Punish them.
Mamun:= No . In no way. It is very bad to punish if some one speaketh what
he liketh to.
Perhaps I may drink water my self and not to trouble others.
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PART4
Mamun On the Thrown:
After the war was over the winner celebrates a victory. In his speech he says:
I believe in peace, and justice. I believe in total freedom of religions. How
ever I believe that Islam is the most advance and rational religion which
may be proved to be true on basis of rational arguments.
In my court there there must be a place of inter religious debates and
discussions.
I my self am a student of theology and can decide which thing is true.
I love peace , justice and truth.
IN the court of Mamun there was a period of Religion discussions. Jews,
Christians, Majusis , all sort ofreligous scholars were present in the court.
Qadi Abu Davud was one of the leading scholars of Mutazilah sect and used
to defend Islam as according to Mutazilah.
PART5
A GRAND DISCUSSION
In the court there was a discussion between a Majusi [Zoroastrian or
Magus]scholar and Qadi Abu Dvud Al Mutazili on the Issue of Two Deties. A]
Deity Of Good. B] Deity Of Evil. The Majusi Scholar was trying to prove that
the dogma of a single good deity is incorrect. He was attempting to prove
that if there is a Single Good Creator then the evils and bad in the world
cannot be explained properly. The debate was near its end. Two Creator
Dogma was is an attempt to answer the Question of the Existence Of Evil
and Bad in the World. If Deity is Good then whence cometh Evil and Bad, and
Who is the Creator Of Evil and Bad found in the World Of Deity.
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There are two types of Creators. The Good Deity Is the Creator Of Goodness
Who is called Ahura Mazda or Yazdan. The Evil Deity Is the Creator of Evil
Who is called Angra Mainu or Ahriman. The Good Deity cannot Create any
thing Bad and Evil. The Evil Deity Cannot Create any thing Good. The Good
Deity cannot even create a being which hath power to do a single evil or bad
act since to grant such a power is Evil and Bad independent of the point
whether it will be exercised or not. Thus the Power to Do an Evil or a Bad act
is itself Evil or Bad or Both. Thus the Good Creator or Good Deity Cannot
have the Power to do any thing Evil or Bad. He equally lacketh the Power to
Create any thing which hath the Power to do any thing Bad or Evil. Since it is
also Bad or Evil to have Power to do or to excersise an Evil or a Bad Act. But
Evil and Bad do exist in the world but Evil and Bad cannot exist without a
Creator.If the Good Creator Maketh Evil and Bad in the World then He
becometh Bad and Evil.So it is necessary to believe in duality and not in
unity. What I mean is:=
If there is only One Deity and If He is Good, then there cannot be any bad
and evil in the World, not a single one. Otherwise The Only Deity is not
Good. In brief the dogma of Unity Of Deity or Unity Of EternalCreator cannot
explain the Existence Of Evil and Bad in the World.
Qadi Abu Davud:=
Can the Good Creator whom thy calleth Ahura Mazda or Yazdan stop the
Bad Creator Whom thy calleth Angra Mainu or Ahrman from making Evil. If
thou sayst No then this mean He is weak . He lacks the Power to stop the
Bad Creator from Creating Evils. If so then He ceaseth to be Good and
Perfect. He is them Imperfect. Imperfect is Bad.Hence If He is not Perfect
then He is not Good.If He Hath this Power and doeth not prevent the Bad
Creator from Making Evil and Bad , then He Himself is Bad and Evil, and not
Good at all.
The Majusi Scholar remained in Silence.
Mamun:= I think think thou hast no answer . I invite thee to accept Unity .
Majusi: Great Caliph thou cannot force me to thy religion.
Mamun:= Yes thou art correct. Thou mayst remain to thy religion.
Majusi Scholar:= Gratitude for thee and thy Justice.
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THE GREAT DEBATE BETWEEN Qadi Abu Davud and his opponents.
Next day at same time the debate was about to begun between Qadi Abi
Davud and Christian Scholars.
Speaker:= Today we are having a great discussion between Qadi Abi Davud
and his Christian Rejoinders.
Mamun:= By my permission the debate must begin now.
Speaker: Let the grand debate begin.
Qadi Abi Davud: To my respectable Christian opponents , my first objection is
on the Dogma Of Trinity.
I may ask Christian Scholar to Explain Trinity from authentic sources .
Christian Scholar:= We believe that Father is Deity , Son Is Deity and Holy
Spirit is Deity , Yet Deity is One.
We do not believe in three Fathers or in three Sons or in three Spirits.
Also We do not believe that: Father is Son, Son is Father, Son Is Holy Spirit
and so on. There three are truly distinct from one another.
Qadi Abu Davud: If Pater(as) [Father],Yios[ Son] and Holy Pnuma[Spirit] are
three mutually distinct Hypostases then there are three Deities not just
One .If there is just One Deity then Father is Son, Son is Holy Spirit, Holy
Spirit is Father ,also Son is Father and so on. It is just the change of names or
epithets . Even Christians believe that the Son and Logos are one and the
same Hypostasis not two mutually distinct Hypostases.
Christian Scholar:= Actually we believe that the Pater(as) [Father] , Yios[Son]
and Holy Pnuma [Spirit] are three mutually and truly distinct Hypostases in
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One Ousia Of Deity. They are Homoousia. None of the Hypostasis is Deity in
the sense of Trinity. So Deity remaineth One.How ever Yios and Logos are just
two names of one and the same Hypostasis.
Qadi Abi Davud:= It appears that my argument is still valid. If there are three
Hypostases in a single Ousia Of Deity then each Hypostasis is a Deity then
three Hypostases are three Deities . If there is only One Eternal then Pater
,Yios and Divine Pnuma are just epithets or nouns of one and the same
Eternal thing as in the case of Yios And Logos. Plurality of Eternal Hypostases
is the Plurality Of Eternals.
First Christian Scholar: No Hypostasis is Deity in the sense of Trinity.
An Other Christian Scholar:= Sir Iesous Messiah is the Logos [Word] Of Deity.
If Logos Of Deity then Uncreated, If Uncreated then Deity.
Qadi Abi Davud:= Only Deity is Uncreated not Word Of Deity.
First Christian Scholar;= Then in this case thou hath to admit that Quran is
also created. Dost thou believe in this.
Qdi Abi DAVUD is silent for some time, when a Jewish Scholar asked the
Caliph to say some thing.
Jewish Scholar:= Am I allowed to say some words Great Caliph.
Mamun: Thou art.
Jewish Scholar:=I think this question is problematic for Respectable Qadi Aby
Davud.
I only explain our view that we believe that Torah is Word Of God but not
Eternal. When Deity Yahvah Said Let there be Light these spoken words of
Yahvah are not Eternal, AND IF NOT Eternal then not Uncreated, and If not
Uncreated then Created.
An other Jewish scholar:= Great Caliph:= May I be allowed to say some thing
in this regard.
Mamu:n := Affirmative, thou mayst.
The second scholar: I do dispute in this regard with our Great Schola:r. I say
The Words spoken by Deity which are quoted in Genesis are Neither Eternal
Nor Created but Done and Spoken.
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Mamu:n: I do Thank thee for thy openion but I do believe that any thing that
is not Created is Eternal and any thing that is not Eternal is Created.
Mamun [ talking to Qad:I] It appeareth that the Great Jewish Jewish Scholar
[pointing at the first one] hath a perfect answer to the Christian argument.
What dost thou say Qadi Abi Davud.
Qadi Abu Davud:= Yes, Yes Sir I second the Jewish Scholar.
First Jewish Scholar:= My Gratitutes to thee O Great Caliph.
Mamu:n:= Accepted. Now back to the discussion.
Words of Deity are Created by the Deity.So Quran is also a Creation Of Deity.
But then a great disturbance bagin inside the court. Muslim traditionalist
rejected this view that Quran is a Creation.
A Orthodox Muslim: Great Caliph Quran is not a Creation Of Deity. It is
Uncreated Speech Of Deity.
Qadi Abu Davud:= If Quran is a Divine Speech which is Not Created then the
Divine Word is also Uncreated. If so then Iesous is implied to be Uncreated.
Orthodox Scholar:= Great Caliph , May I be pleased be allowed to response
to Qadi Abu Davud.
Mamun:= Orthodox Circles cannot debate in Philosophy and Theology. They
only use traditions and in intellectual debates Traditions cannot be used. I
cannot allow thee .
Christian Scholar:=
Great Caliph, please allow me to suggest that make a single opinion about
Quran among Muslims before discussing other religions. I suggest that there
must be a debate among Muslims about the very nature of Quran prior to
any debate with Christians.
Then the sound of the announcer raised: Time of the debate is over . It
shall be continued tomorrow.
TRANSITION OF AN JUST INTO A N UNJUST.
In the evening Qadi Abu Davud was in privacy with Mamun.
They were discussing the issue of Quran and its Createdness.
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Qadi: If we say that Quran is a Word of Deity then then either It is Created or
Uncreated . If Uncreated then it is almost the same thing the Athanasian
Christians say about Iesous Messiah. So Great Caliph I do suggest that the
Orthodox must be compelled to change their view about Quran.
Mamun: What if they refuse.
Qadi: Then Orthodox should be declared as as Heterodox and Heretic.
Exercise thy Power ,Force and Energy to make a consensus on the issue.
Force them to accept Mutizili version of Islam.
Mamun: But in my Caliphate every one hath a right to believe what he liketh
to.
Qadi:= Jews, Christians ,Zoroastrians may have such rights but heretics and
Apostates do not have such a right. I assure thee that if thou punisheth them
then by Deity It Shall be Necessary Upon Deity to Reward thee. A necessity
which is inevitable even for the Great Deity Himself and not in His Power to
remove the necessity of reward.Jews , Christians and Zoroastrians do not
represent Islam. But these Orthodox represent Islam. So it is a matter of
representation of Islam. May I remind thee that these Orthodox also believe
in Befitic Vision Of Deity as well. What an Irrational mind. If they are
accepted as the true representative of Islam then they Islam shall no more
be a rational religion.
Mamun recalling the past.
Mamun:
Yes I remember an event in my Fathers time when an Orthodox was unable
to reply a simple question of an Indian Scholar in India. Then My father sent a
Dialectic to discuss with them . All I know to the best of my knowledge that
the Dialectic never returned . I hope that he may have find a very good place
in the court of the Indian Monarch. But this shall not be repeated again.This
was the turning point in my life. I began to take interest in Theological
problems. Only Mutazilite version of Islam appeared to me as the rational,
and all others are irrational. Any how We shall meat an argument by an
argument.
Qadi: Exactly that is the point. Thou mayst see that if Quran is Uncreated
then there is no way to say that
Iesous is Created . If the Prophet Iesous is Created then Quran is Created.
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Words Of Deity and WORDS OF Deity are Uncrearede then on What grounds
We can claim that Iesous is Created. So any one who believeth that Quran is
not Created is not a Muslim and Shall be Punished in extreme. They do not
enjoy any right or freedom of belief since they are distorting the face of Islam
due to their Irrational and UNREASONABLE BELIEF.
They believe that Deity Shall be seen after then End of the world. This defies
all the laws of visibility and vision. They believe that Human Acts are
Creations of Deity. This defies Divine Justice. They believe that Deity hath
Power to doWhat He Hath promised not to do . But Deity cannot do this. For
this is nothing but a power to make a False Promise which is nothing but to
speak falsehood. They believe that Muaviah [R,D] is a Companion of Holy
Prophet and deserveth to be respected as a Companion Of Holy Prophet. Any
one who saith well or good to Muaviah is outlawed . But there is an other
the problem . I must not make any compromise on the Issue on the
Createdness of Quran. One who doeth not change his belief on this
particular issue shall be punished with full might . How ever it is not just
argument of power, we are ready to remove any doubt if raised by any
Orthodox or traditionalist in this regard.
But it must be made clear that if after the removing of doubts no one is
allowed to remain on his former belief of Uncreativity Of Holy Quran. Qadi
Abu Davud and I Shall decide weather the doubts are cleared or not. Of
cource we cannot continue the debate indefinitely.
From now on all the Judges in the courts of law shall be appointed after
confessing that Quran is a Creation. Qadi Vaqdi is just an example .
Finally I send a questionnaire to different orthodox scholars in regard to their
believes about Quran.
There names are:
1] Bishar Bin Valid
2]Abul Hasan
3]Ubaidullah BinUmar Cawariri
4]Ibrahim Al Mahdi
5]Ahmad Bin Hanbal
6] Sajjadah
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A Christian Scholar:= At last Abu Davud has changed his attention from us.
Second Christian Scholar:= Can such useless debates change the belief, I
doubt.
First Christian Scholar:= It shall be interesting to see how Qadi Abu Davud
dealeth with Muslim Orthodox.
Second Christian Scholar: Yes Of course it Shall be.
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Ishaq Bin Ibrahim the chief enquirer gathers a meeting and enquireth about
the faith in regard to the Nature Of Holy Quran.reation suspend his judicial
powers.
Say to Bishar, that he liethfor there is no stipulation between me and him.
Ask him to accept the belief of Creativity Of Quran. If he recanteth publish it
in public , and if persisteth, bring his head to me.
Say to Ali Bin Abi Muqatil := Thou art not he who said to the Caliph that
thou verily canst absolve and bind.
Say to Zyadi that he used falsely to claim clientship with a spurious son.
Say to Ibn Nuh thathe employeth himself in taking usury to the hindrance of
his knowledge, now he hath added infidelity as well.
Say to Ahmad Bin Hanbal that I my self am aware of the manner of his
arguments, which is pure ignorance and invalidity.
Say to Sajjadah that his occupation hath made him to forget Unity Of Eternal.
Say to Ubidullah Bin Umar Carirri that it is exposed that he taketh bribes.
To Ishaq: One who accepteth the belief publish it in general public. And one
who rejecteth it bring him in chains to the Capital except Bishar and Ibrahim.
If the persist then their heads must be brought instead of them.
Ishaq maketh an enquairy.
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All except the faith except four. They are as Sajjadah, Ahmad Bin Hanbal,
Muhammad Bin Nuh andUbaidullah Bin Umar.
SECOND ENQUIRY:=
In the second enquiry Sajjadah losteth his wicket and submiteth himself.
Ishaq: Now who is going to accept the faith of the Caliph. Thou Thou thou
thou.
Sajjadah:= I accept his views. I pronounce Quran is Created.
Ishaq: Release Sajjadah at once.
THIRD ENQUIRY
In the third one Ubaiduallah is bold out and accepteth the faith of Mamun.
Ishaq:= I say now who is going to accept the belief that QURAN is CREATED.
If you people insist and persist on thy Orthodoxy then be prepair to meet the
Caliph in person.
Ubaidullah:= Sir Iam prepaired to accept the belief of the Caliph.
Ishaq : Release Ubaidullah .
Now he looketh at the two remaining persons still struggling for the truth of
Orthodoxy and Quranic Truth.
Ishaq : What thou sayest Ibn Nuh.
Ibn Nuh:= I am prepaired to face my fate. I believe what I have believe in
Past and shall continue to believe in it in future.
Ishaq : Chain him.
And what thou sayest O Ahmad Bin Hanbal.
Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal:= I persist on my believe.
Two of them refuse to surrender and to submit. They had to fight the might
of the Mornarch.
In the darkness when orthodox hath last all hopes like wickets in a Cricket
Match two men were still struggling to end the match on the last ball of the
match, not before it.
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They are standing the most fast bowling of the Monarch. The last wicket of
the Orthodox was struggling to save the match as often seen in game
Cricket.
Mamun seeth in depth all the reports in the Court of Mamun.
Mamun becometh very angry as they hath not accepted his Mutazili
Believes. He dictateth another epistile to Ishaq.
Mamun:= Any one who believeth in the Orthodox views is a heretic. How so
ever believeth that Quran is a Not a C
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IBN NUH DIETH:=
Ibn Nuh:= If thou art alive to face the trial , thou must not fail.
Imam Ahmad:= Self of Mine Knoweth It.
Ibn Nuh:= Look Ahmad , Deity is Himself the savior of His Religion. He
requireth not me or thee.
Togather we are a team. If thou dieth I shall be left alone.
Imam Ahmad:= May I be as fortunate as thee.
Ibn Nuh:= I am fortunate enough to die before the trial.
Imam Ahmad:= Mayst thou live.
Ibn Nuh:= I think Iam about to die.
During the travelling fro Bazitine to Bughdad Ibn Nuh falleth ill. His illness
increases before the trial hath to begun. He is about to die .
Mamun is in Roman Terrotaries namely Byzantine.
IN THE COURT OF MAMUN.
A Courtier asketh him that a scholar wanteth to come in the court.He
informeth Mamun that the scholar saith that he hath some questions about
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the belief of Creation Of Quran. He saith he Shall accept this belief if his
doubts are replied logically, other wise he saith that the Caliph may allow in
peace. Qadi Abu Davud is in Baghdad but Bashar Bin Muraisi is present who
is an equivalent to Qadi Abu Davud and useeth to assist him in debates.
Mamun himself is over confidenced upon his own knowledge.
So he granted him peace if they are unable to refute his doubts on the
Creativity Of Quran.
Man := Caliph my noun is Abdul Azi:z Al Makki.
Mamun:= Thou are a scholar of ShafaI school of thought. I do have heard
thy name. I have also heard that thou art a theologian even if thou art an
Orthodox.
Imam Abdul Aziz:= I have come to challenge Mutazali scholars on the issue
of Creation of Quran. Can they with stand the purity Quranic truth.
Mamun:Thou wantest to debate with us.
Imam Abdul Aziz: That is the only reason I have risked my life to come to
thee.
Mamun:= If thou are defeated then thou must not have any option but to
accept the belief that Quran is Created.
Imam Abdul Aziz: But is I wineth then let me go in peace.
Mamun:=If.
Imam Abdul Aziz:=
I persist that thou may impose a condition that the debate must be from the
text of AL QURAN.
Mamun looking at Bahar:= He is the debater from our side. Defeat him and
go in peace. Other wise I have stated what shall I do if thou persisteth on thy
Orthodoxial Believes.
Bashar:=I request thee to drop this condition. If this condition is dropped I
shall prove the claim that Quraan is a Creation, a Creature of Deity. If I fail to
do so by blood is permitted .
Mamun: I drop the condition.
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Imam Abdul Aziz:= It is upon thee to decide whether I begin the debate or
thee.
Bashar: Thou mayst begin.
Abdul Aziz] Dost thou believe that Quran is a Creation
Abdul Aziz:= If Deity Hath Created Quran Then there are only following
cases and thou hast to accept any one of them necessarily .
Qadi: Yes . It is just a tautology.
S] If Deity is the Creator Of Quran then Deity Must Have Created Quran.
Q] Of course It is the Deity Who is the Creator Of Quran.
Imam Abdul Aziz:= If Quran is the Creation then Who is the Creator Of
Quran , Deity or some ONE Else.
Bashar:=. I Do Believe That Quran is A Creation Of Deity .
Mamun: Thou are right.
Abdul Aziz:= No As per rules of argumentation thou art the claimant, and a
claimant must state his claim in explicit words.
Bashar] This is not a question to be asked since it is a very obvious .
Bashar:= Say so.
Imam Abdul Aziz:= Either the Deity Hath Created Quran in His Own Divine
Self Or He Hath Created the Quran In Association With His Essence Or He
Hath Created Quran Separate From HimSelf.
There is no forth option for thee.
Bashar is silent and doeth not make any respond. He is astonished.
Mamun after some time asketh S
Mamun:= It is clear that Bashar hath no proper answer for thy argument ,
how ever before leaving the court thou shall explain thy argument. Even I
have never thought of this in my entire polemic life.
S] Sir It is very clear . If Bashar opteth for the first, then it is Per Se
Impossible and Per Se Absurd that any thing Is Created In Divine Self.
Mamun ] True:
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The problem in the mind made Mamun some what sick. He soon becometh
ill.
How wver Mamun did not live long after this debate. He died in August 833
AC.
Not beyond the suspition of curse of two noble characters of History.-----If this was not the only cause of his ultimate illness then it was probably one
of the causes of it.
REPORT OF DEATH OF MA:MUN CONVEYED TO H:ANBAL
A man : Hanbal dost thou know Mamun hath died.
Hanbal: Looking up at heavens . But this is not the end. It is the beginning of
something even worse then the things in the period of the Dead Mamun.
Abu Is-h:a:q Bin Ha:ru:n Al Mutasim Billah [796-842] ascendeth to the
throne after Mamu:n.
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Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:=But shalt thou tell me ,If Deity is Eternal and
Omniscient, then He always have known the text of the Qurans Necessarily.
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Therefore Qura:n Eternal atleast in the Divine Knowledge.
First One: Qura:n is Created even in Divine Knowledge.
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:= Any thing in Divine Knowledge is certainly and
Necessarily Eternal other wise Divine Omniscience is implied to be a
Creation.
The Second One:= Then Divine Knowledge is Created.
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:= Then thou art an unbeliever.
Now it is not only the matter of Quran but also of Divine Omniscience.
One Of the Mutazali scholar:= W e cannot continue to discuss further after
thy this statement.
They leave.
The prefect maketh a last
effort to persuade Ima:m Ah:mad Bin H:anbal to be convinced :
Prefect:=Ah:mad Bin H:anbal, its your life at stake! The caliphhas vowed
not to kill you by the sword, but instead to thrash thee and cast thee
Ah:mad Bin H:anbal and to transport to the palace, where
into a place where thou shalt never see the sun..
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:= Is this the proof they have for their believe in
the Createdness Of Qura:n?
Prefect: No we have a number of proofs.
Doeth Deity not say, We have made Qura:n in Arabic. (43: 3)? If
Deity made it, didnt he create it?
Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal:But thou thy self believest that the infinitive Jaal
[Making] is not used in the meaning of creation. Qura:n saith He
made them like a field of chaff (105: 5), in which the same verb (ja_ala)
clearly
means to make into, not to create.
Prefect:= Now I know that thy obstinacy is great.
I give up.
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:= Is this not obstinacy to make others to
copulate by force and take their freedom from them.
Prefect ordered := Sent him to the Caliph al-Mu_tasim.
He spent the night in confinement.
IMAMS UNCLE ON THE MOVE:
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Th e Man:= Yes! Thou must have . I am a Robber , perhaps the greatest of all
robbers of the time.
Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal:= What thou wanteth. What a robber hath to do
with me?
Ibn Haisam:= Are we not both slaves of Deity, His bound men?
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:= Certainly we are.
Ibn Haisam:= Can a bad slave of Deity say some thing to a good one?
H:anbal: Yes. But who is good is only known to Deity.
Ibn Haisam:= A have come to thee to advise thee.
A good advise from a great sinner and transgressor.
Ibn Haisam:= Let me tell thee some thing first. I am whipped and scourged
countless number of times just to admit that I have commited crimes. But I
never confessed.
Hanbal:= Why ?
Ibn Haisam:= For my love for falsehood and wrongness was so great. But Is
thy love for truth and righteousness as great as my love for wrongness and
falsehood.
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Hanbal looking towards heavens; Let not me fail the test. O Deity save Ibn
Haisam for his faith is truth if not his acts.
Hanbal:= O Deity if Thou wantest to test me then Give me the strength and
power to satisfy the test.
Hanbal looking at Ibn Haisam. But he hath gone as he hath never been there.
O Deity ,Thy Omnipotence is so great that if the whole Cosmos Sinneth thou
Canst forgive the entiretity of Cosmos. O Deity Forgive Ibn Al Haisam.
Hanbal Looking up at heavens: O Deity , Do not put me to a Divine Test. For I
am too weak to be Tested.
Ahmad Bin Hanbal:= I know not any thing but One thing , Quran is
Uncreated,
It is the issue of entire righteousness. I know not the future but it is the most
obligatory duty to stant against the tyrant ,brute and unjust for the sake of
righteousness, truth ,and reality.
Both men begin to cry almost simultaneously.
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The court of Mutasim is fully prepaired for the trial of Imam Ah:mad Bin
H:anbal.
Imam is brought in the court where a number of courtiers receive him.
Imam : Is it a debate or a trial.
A Courtier:= It is a trial.
Imam: A trial on what transgreesion.
An Other Courtier:= Trial on the crime of believing in a Heretical Dogma.
Imam: What is the herecy then if Orthodoxy is termed as herecy.
No one answereth.
Speaker:= Silence in the Court. Caliph is about to speak. There is a silence in
the court.
Mutasim:= The Official religion of the Caliphate is that Qura:n is Createrd
and not Eternal. One who doeth not believe in it is a heretic inspite of his
orthodoxy.
Ah:mad Bin H:anbal is brought in the court for a trial. I do have full
confidence on the official scholars and debaters to produce sufficient proofs
and arguments to convince Ah:mad Bin H:anbal
Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal:=
I have been interrogated and argued multitude of time , but uptill now a
single evidence from Qura:n or H:adis is not produced.
Muyasim: Let the trial begin.
A Mutazali scholar reciteth the charge sheet against Imam Ah:mad Bin
H:anbal.
He is charged of the following transgressions:=
1:
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Qadi Abu Davud:= I demand H:anbal to produce his proofs for the
Uncreativity Of Qura:n.
Imam. The burden of proof is upon those who want to make a trial and not
upon the one who is a victim of the trial.
Qadi: It is a n evasive way.
Imam:= It is thou who wantest to convince other and not me to convince
thee. For trial is not for thee but for me.
Mutasim:= Do some thing to convince him. These theological discussions
are too dry to understand.
Qadi:= Quran is a Creation since it informed about the recent events. When
an event used to occur, Quran used to discuss
the event.
This is self evident proof of creation of Qura:n.
Imam: May I ask is Divine Knowledge not up to date with events.
Qadi: Yes It is.
Imam:= Then what thou saist about Divine Knowledge,Is it also a creation.
There is a silence in the Court.
SECOND DAY OF TRIAL:=
H:anbal is produced once again in the court.
Shuaib asketh:= What is thy belief about Deity and and Quran.
Imam: This question is asked several times since my imprisonment and even
before it.Both of
them are uncreated.
What is thy proof on the uncreatedness of Qura:n. Cnast thou prove it from
the Texts of Qura:n
or from the texts of traditions of Prophet.
H:anbal:- It is an Islamic AXIOM , a Religious Necessity that Deity and Divine
Attributes
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how so ever canonical against them they do not interpret it but deny it. But
when they find the Text of
a tradition how so ever non canonical which supporteth them they accept it.
Qad:i:= What are their interpretations?
Imam:= I believe that the interpretations of ambiguous texts of Qura:n and
Traditions are only
Known to Deity, not even to Prophets,Messengers,and Apostles Of Deity,
Even the Last Prophet, so I cannot state any
one of them.
Shuaib:= State them.
Imam keepeth silence.
Barghuth: He is unable to response.
Imam: How can I state what only Deity Knoweth,and What is only known to
Deity. What is
Only known to Deith is not even known to Prophets and Angels with out any
exception.
Canst thou state any thing that is only known to Deity without any
exception?
Qad:I Abu Davud is unable to response and becometh furious.
Mutazili scholars begin to repeat their arguments in different words. Imam
responseth them
explicitly and soberly.
With each argument It is clear to Imam that Mutazilahs have no new
argument, They have
presented what they possessed. Now they were compelled to repeat yet in
different
words and expressions.
In all surrejointers and surrebuters Mutasim is quite bored.He is not of this
field.
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If Mamu:n were alive he may have witness the powerful rebuttals presented
by Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal.
But Mutasim is inspired by the knowledge of Imam Ah:mad Bin H:anbal.
Even Mutazilahs are surprised to see who he refuteth them with out the aid
of theology and philosophy
Using logic simply.
The trial is at its end for today.
Mutasim heareth the last words of Imam:
I have repeated several times that if thou believest Qura:n is Created then
thou canst not
accuse Jahmiah/reated.Jahmites for their belief that Qura:n and Omniscience
Of Diety both are
Created.
Today Mutazili scholars of Baghdad have seen limits of their theological
system.
The last hope of Traditionists [traditionalists] is batting on a pitch supporting
fast and spin bowlers of Mutazilahs,
yet solid in defence. Several Mutazili Bowlers are changed in the second day
of the cricket of polemics
each after comleting his overs, but none is able to take the wicket of H:anbal.
The assembly at night.
In night an assembly was held and different Mutazilah scholars are present.
They are discussing about the last day about
the polemic cricket. They have discussed there
system . Abi Duad made a new argument for
the secret weapon on the last day. All the
participants agreed theat this is an irrefutable
refutation of the Uncreativity and
Uncreatedness of Divine Speech.
TRIAL OF HANBAL ON THIRD DAY.
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Qadi: Dost thou saith any thing which the Holy Prophet did not say?
Hanbal:= On what authority thou claimeth that Quran is a Creation Of Deity.
Words of Holy Prophet are accepted authority in Islamic Issues.
Qadi:= Dost Deity not say that He Hath made Quran in Arabic. [ Verily do
We made it an Arabic Quran" (43:2).]
Now everything which God made He must have created.
Mutasam: Very Good Qadi Abu Davud. Hanbal demanded for an evidence
from Words of Prophet and Thou hath produced an evidence from Quranic
Words, The Words Of Deity Themselves .A more powerful proof then required.
I thing the demand is provided .
This sort of argument is understood by Mutas:im because it doeth not
involve philosophical and theological concepts.
Hanbal in emotionless voice speaketh as cool as Pure Logician := The world
Making in Arabic is not a synonym of the world Creation.The word
making may be interpreted other wise.
Qadi:= But the word Making meaneth/imlieth Creation.
Hanbal:= Only when this transitive verb have only one grammatical object.
But if this transitive verb Making hath two grammatical Objects then not.
Refrence. In Surah Isra 39 Deity Saith:=
Do not make any Deity beside ALL-H.
Qadi:= Dost thou think that this word doeth not imply Creation in the
secondary meaning.
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As for the verse what so ever it may mean it doeth not mean that Quran is a
Creation.
Meaning of certain verses ARE ONLY KNOWN TO Deity and no one but
Deity.As I have said yesterday, I shall not add any thing today in the regard
of interpretation.
There is a silence in the court for a moment as time hath stand still , and
past present and future all overlap and superimpose one an other. None was
expecting that Imam Ahmad an orthodox could reply an expert of debates as
such. But then a sound broke the timeless ice as if the time continued to flow
after a timeless pause.
Qadi:= Thou repliest as expected.But If Qura:n is Uncreated then is there is
any evidence from Quran or H:adi:s which stateth that Qura:n is Uncreated.
Are Qura:n and Ah:adis not silent in regard to Uncreatedness Of Al
Qura:n?.What thou sayst on this issue?.
Imam looking at the Monarch:= On what basis doest thou summon me to
agree with them, and dost not summon them to agree with me if the
Speech Of Deity and the Ah:adi:s of His Prophet are silent on this issue.? All
they have is an interpretation which they do have some ,fabricated and
concocted. They only do have an opinion which they have some how offered.
Interpretations and Opinions may differ.One have equal rights to offer an
alternative interpretation or a rival opinion.
If thou thinkest that these are just opinion then thou have no right to force
others to accept Mutazilite opinions and interpretations.
Mutas:im underastands Imam arguments and this was sensed by Several
Mutazilahs in the court.
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not in the real meaning? This Mutazilite Dogma implieth Jahmite Dogma
that Qura:n is not the Divine speech in the real meaning.
Hanbal Looking at Mutasam:=
Dost thou believe that Quran is a Prophet and a Human Being ?
Dost thou not believe that Iesous is a Prophet and a Human Being?.
If you Mutazilites themselves differentiate between Iesous(May Peace Of
Deity Be Upon Him) [ISA] and Quran then why You use this argument
against Orthodox circle Of Islam.
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Qadi Abu DAVUD: If Deity is the Creator Of All Things and Quran is a Thing
then Deity is the Creator Of Quran, and If Deity is a Creator Of Quran the
Quran is the Creation Of Deity.
Mutasim; What a powerful argument. By all my knowledge , I can Swear
Upon Deity that it is irrefutable argument.
Qad:i Abi Duad:=An irrefutable refutation of Orthodox and their Dogma of
Uncreatedness Of Qura:n Sir.
Mutas:im: Self of Mine understaneth it clearly.
Qadi: O Hanbal thou canst not escape from this argument. So thou must
believe in the Creation of Quran right now. Now thou hast no option but to
say Quran is a Creation and a Creature Of the Deity.
Hanbal doeth not pay any attention to the remarks of Mutasim.
Hanbal:=Dost thou not believe that Every Self Shall die.[KULLU NAFASIN
DHA:IQATUL MAUT]
Qadi: Yes it is so ,but this is an irrelevant answer.
Imam Neglecting Qadis comments proceedeth:
Hanbal: Doeth Deity Not use the word Self for Himself. [ VA YUH:ADH DHI
RUKUMULLAHU NAFSAHU]
Qadi: Yes but what this hath to do with the discussion.
Imam:= Dost thou deduce that Deity Shall Die?
There is a pin drop silence in the court. Even Mutasim is shocked by
hearing this counter argument. This sort of argument he understandeth.
Qadi, Shuaib,Barghuth, the committee of Mutazilah scholars and Mutasam
ALL ARE speechless. No one hath expected this counter argument [AL JAVAB
AL ILZAMI]. They were all shocked once again as before. But this time It Was
Hanbal Himself who broke the timeless ice.
Hanbal:= As you Mutazilite make Exception of Divine Self when you say All
Selves Shall die, I make an Exception for the Divine Speech when I say All
things are Created. These Mutazilites are unable to distinguish between
Divine Attributes and Creatures of Deity.
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Qadi: He is asking new and new questions which were not heard
before.Instead of accepting our arguments he is trying to make flaws in them
so that they become invalid and cease to be sound. His dithyramb is great.
So I may resign from the debate right now and thou may use Arguments of
Force where Forces Of Arguments failed.
I declared him guilty of Orthodox Heresy and he Must be Punished with the
extreme punishment.
Mutasam:All the result of debates are but in vain.
So If thou still insist on thy believes then Ishall have no alternative but to
scourge thee indefinitely until thou accepteth this belief.
Imam : Bring me any proof from Quran or Ahadis.
By the Deity, had I seen any proof [in what they say], I would have
I am a man of reports of Holy Prophet and His Companions and their
accounts (atha r wa-akhbar).
So fear Deity regarding
the Qur_an, saying Doubt about the Qur_an is kufr. I am not a doubter or
a[Mutazili] theologian; I repeat once again that all Divine Attributes are
Eternal and Uncreated is the basic Islamic AXIOM and doeth not requireth
any proof from any source what so ever.
On the contrary Mutazilahs have only an interpretation which they have
invented. An openion which they have concockted. A dogma they have
fabricated. They have no evidence from Quran. Traditions or from
Necessaries and Axioms of Islam.
On what basis do you summon me to agree with them. If thou thinkest that
what so ever I say is also an openion then why to summon me to accept their
opinion. Why not vice verca.
Hanbal appealeth, I am a man of reports and accounts (Al a:tha:r wal
Akhba:r).So fear Deity regarding
me, and return to the Deity!.
Al-Mu_tasim BECOMETH silent, and seemed about to relent.
But then
Ibn Ab Du_a:d and Ish:a:q bin Ibra:h:m INTERRUPTED .Ibn Ab
Dua:d declared that Ibn H:anbal was misguided and misguiding, an opinion
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Mutasam: He is mocking me. Now I shall not shew any mercy on him.
Scourgers Scourge him ruthlessly.
Al-Mu_tas:im ordereth the lictors to approach Ibn H: anbal one by one, strike
two blows, and back away.
Two scourgers cometh and each one of them hitteth Imam two times. This is
continued.
On the first whip Couple of Whip Imam Sayth: BY THE NOUN OF DEITY.
On the second Imam sayth := LA HAULA VA LA QUVATA ILLA BILLAH
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On the fourth:=
QUL LAN YUSIBUNAA ILLA MA KATABALLAHU LANA.
A battle hath begun between the pride of Mutas:im and his mind. He seseth
that some thing is not going correct.
H:anbal IS stripped of his shirt and placed between the posts.He adds that
he rebuked the caliph, warning him against spilling the blood of Muslims, and
citing an appropriate Hadis.
The text of H:adis doeth worked to an extent.Again the Caliph hesitated, but
again giveth in to the Mu_tazils,who are crying out that he is an
unbeliever.
T wice the caliph left his THRONE to remonstrate with the prisoner.
Seeing this Ish:a:q bin Ibra:him also resiumeth to reason with Imam once
again. _Ujayf b.
_Anbasa proddeth Imam with the hilt of his sword.
At one point _Abd al-Rah:ma:n bin Ish:aq stood by and recited the names of
all the scholars who had already capitulated.Ibn H:anbal only repeated his
slogan.After each pause the flogging capitulated.Ibn H anbal only repeated
his slogan. The whipping is resumed.
At one pause:=
Hanbal is being scourged ,which is continued for a long period of time.
A Police Officer [ Ishaaq Bin Ibrahim]: O Hanbal thou must shew some
sympathy on thy self. Why dost thou accept the belief that Quran is a Divine
Creature so that thou may be released .Thou may revert to thy believes
latter.
Hanbal: It is not just the problem of a single person. It is the collective
problem of Orthodox circle Of Islam. See there are people standing with there
pens and paper just to record whether I stand firm on the belief of
UnCreativity Of Holy Quran or accept the Heretical and Unorthodox view of
Qadi Abu Davud and Mutazilah . If I accpeteth this believe I shall do a crime
which Shall be worst of all times. On the other hand I have not insurrected
against the Monarchs. But to keep my believes conserved I cannot make any
change . Monarchs make terrorism not us.
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After each pause the flogging is resumed, with the caliph calleth out to the
lictors to strike harder, hoping that he may copulate.But all in vain. H:anbal
doeth not copulate.
Ibn
H:anbal is eventually struck over thirty lashes and then Imam loseth
consciousness.
By the time mental state of Mutas:im is grounded. In his de-exited state he
once again reverteth to his initial attitude to wards Imam .
Mutas:im after his mental state was grounded from the exited state sayth:=
I do not know what to do about that man.When Ibn H anbal passeth out
again,
after being struck thirty-three or thirty-four times, al-Mu_tasim, who
appeared frightened by the thought of killing him. Mutas:im ordered him
taken down.
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The Text Of H:adis hath done its work.Sensing the reversion of mental state
to its initial position.
Ibn Ab: Dua:d now urgeth that he be imprisoned again because he would stir
up the people.But the caliph, who hath regained his sympathies and pities
for the Imam is unexitable this time.
Mutas:im ordereth pity him to be released.
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Mutasim Dieth:=
Mutas:im died in the year 842 AC. He never asked any thing about Ima:m .
Vasiq On the Throne [Reign :=842AC-847 AC]:=
Vasiq is the next ruler and an enemy of orthodox Islam. He continued the
same tradition to suppress the orthodox scholars by force and power. Yet he
did not tested Imam Ahmad Bin H:anbal since he did not want to undo what
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his predecessor had done. Imam is still enclosed in his house and not
permitted to deliver lectures and sermons.
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THE MARTYR OF BEAFITIC VISION.
In Vasiqs time there is an Orthodox Scholar, nounly Ahmad Bin Nas:r who
openly preached that Quran is Uncreated and beatific Vision Of Deity (i.e
Vision Of Deity Shall occur] after Dooms day or Day of Judgement.
He is called for a trial partially of his belief in Uncreativity Of Al Quran and
partially for the belief in Divine Vision. He is interrogated in the Royal Court
Of Vasiq.
Vasiq:= It is reported that thou believe that Quran is Uncreated and Beatific
Vision . It is even a greater Sin to believe that Deity Must Be Seen in after the
Divine Judgement .
Ibn Nasr[bravely]: Undoubtly I do believe.
Thou believe that Deity Can Turn Visible from the state of invisibility.
Ibn Nasr: I believe Deity Shall Be Seen With Certainity after the Great
Judgement.
Vasiq := On what grounds.
Ibn Nasr:= The tradition reporteth that the Holy Prophet Hath Said So.
Vasiq: Thou liest.
Ibn Nasr [ Neglecting the might of the monarch] :No thou dost lie.
And there was a silence in the court and all the courtiers and nobilities were
silence over this unexpected reply.
Vasiq:= I do deny to believe in a Deity Who Can Be Seen. Since Visibility is
Cannot be an Attribute Of Deity.
The Jury of Mutazalite Scholars:= We neither believe in Beatific Vision nor in
Theophany. So he must be killed and let his blood be upon us.
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Qadi Abu Davud:= It is lawful to Kill this person for the sake of Deity himself.
Vasiq:= Bring my sword so that I be the only killer of this person and no one
share the apportunity to kill such a person but only my self.
Head Of Ibn Nasr is cut of from the rest of his Holy Body . His head is
IMPALED in Bughdad and his body is impaled inSurra Man Ra. [They
remained there for six LUNAR years in that state].
ABDULLAH BIN UMAR CHALLENGE TO QADI ABU DAVUD.
A Speaker in the Court announces:
A man requesteth to appear in the court to the Caliph Vasiq.
Vasiq:= Who is he?
A Man := Sir he is an Orthodox scholar and perhaps he commeth to copulate
our view about D ivine Speech.
Vasiq:=
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Abdullah:= My second question is, Did the Holy Prophet know Quran is
Created?
Qad:i: := Yes undoubtly. A belief of Faith and not known to Prophet , it is
impossible.
It must be known to the Holy Prophet Himself.
Abdullah:= Then my third question is, Why did he not asked his Holy
Companions to believe In Creativity Of Quran?
Qadi Abu Davud is silence as IF he is speechless for the last time in his life.
ABDULLAH looking at Vasiq:= Sir when Holy Prophet Who according to Thee
knoweth that Quran is Created never asked his Companions to believe in the
Createdness Of Quran then why did thou test people.
When Prophet HimSelf did not compel his companions to believe in Creativity
Of Quran why do you people do it. Dost thou know Islam more than the Holy
Prophet Himself.
Dost Qadi Abi Duad knoweth Islam more than the Holy Prophet Himself?
This line of argument worked well. Abdullah heareth Vasiq saying:=
Vasiq:= Why did I do a thing Which is not done by the Prophet Himself?
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A THEOLOGICAL JOKE
In the privacy Vasiq demandeth for a Joker to make some pleasant moments.
Joker:= First of all please allow me to make condolence for some thing.
Vasiq: Thou art.
J: My condolence is for the Holy Quran Itself.
Vathiq: Shocking: Why? Hath Quran Died? What kind of Joke it is?
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J : Great Caliph Although Quran is living at present but sooner or later It Shall
Die.
Vasiq: What thou speakiest?.
J: Pardon me Sir, But Is Quran Not a Creation? If Creation then Temporal. And
It it is then it shall either die some day in future. Since all Creations Must die
some how and some day. If not die then annihilated. Since every Creation
whether living or not must perish some day.
V: Art thou a Joker or a Theologian? Leave me alone. I had asked for thee to
amuse me after all these mind aching theological problems , and thou hast
ached my mind more then a theologian. Leave me alone for Deitys sake
leave me alone.
A GREAT CHANGE
Next day in the court.
V: Today my first order that is to be issued that Qadi Abu Davud hast been
discussing a theological problem which is unnecessary and I am not going to
continue this any longer. How ever what so ever is done in the past is
considered to be valid. But even if Quran is Created, let WE ARE NO ONES to
enforce this belief upon others.
Qadi doeth not say a word and stepeth down from his position and leaveth
the court after this disgrace.
Vasiq:=There shall not be any punishment on the matter of religion and
believes. What my predecessors, ancestors, and by my self did in past, shall
not be repeated by me and my siblings in future. Yet I do believe that Quran
is a Creation but from now on there shall be no such tests in the court.
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Death of Vasiq:=
Vasiq died in the year 841 AC. His successor is Mutavakkil [841AC-847AC].
But he is an Orthodox in heart. Slowly and gradually he is trying to uproot
the Mutazilahs influences in the court. He is working wisely to get rid of
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fanatics in the court ,who in the name of rationality have allowed all sorts of
irrational activities. Miutavakkil maketh Abi Davu:d deprived of his post.
Later He begineth to appoint orthodox scholars in Mosques. Time of Mutazili
Irrationalists was over.
How ever Mutazili rationalist were able to get rid of him by planning his
murder. The accused him for Nasibiah, inventing stories against him.
But the time of Mutazilah was over. The next Caliph also respected the
IMAM .
DISCUSSIONS AT DIFFERENT PLACES
Mutazili theologians [M] are challenges by Orthodox SCHOLARS [0] at
different places and evolution of Orthodoxs responses and replication began.
At some place in the Abbasid Caliphate.
M] Quran is a Creation Of Deity.
O] No It is Not.
M] If Quran is not a Creation then it is Eternal.
O] Yes Quran Is Eternal.
At Some An Other Place.
M] As Iesous Is The Word Of Deity Created and Quran is Speech then It must
also be Created.
O] Iesous is called Logos [Word/Calmah] Of Deity Not Omilia
[Speech/Cala:m] Of Deity , and Quran is Omilia [Speech/Cala:m] Of Deity .
There is a difference between a Logos and a Omilia.
Logoi[Words] are not Divine Attributes but Omilia is a Divine Attribute.
AT AN OTHER PLACE
M] What is the difference between Athanasian Christianilty
Orthodox. They both believe in Plurality Of Eternals.
and Muslim
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At an other place:=
M:= If Quran is Created then Deity Cannot Violate His Promise since it is
Toutological to the claim Deity Can make a False Promise.
O] Deity and Attributes Of Deity are UnCreated and Eternal, but not the
Relative Attributes of the Attributes. Thou hast to make a distinction between
Attributes Of Deity and Attributes Of Attributes Of Deity. Omni-Speech is a
Divine Attribute, do not confuse Relative Attributes of Divine Attributes with
the Divine Attributes themselves.
At an other place:=
M] Deity Cannot been since It defieth laws of Vision.
O] Laws of Vision Can be Changed by the Deity Himself.
M] Necessary Condition of some one to be visible is to be finite and Deity is
Infinite.
O] There is no such Necessary Condition. Even this is not a Sufficient
Condition.
M] Then what is the Necessary Condition.
O] My task is to disprove the Claims that Corporeality and Finiteness are the
Necessary Conditions for the Divine Visibility. But I must even try to disprove
any attempt to prove them as Sufficient Conditions as well. Now Bring thy
arguments and Proves.
M] Infinite Cannot be seen by Finite.
O] Thy proof of thy claim is the claim it self and this is a fallacy of worst
kind.
At Some Other Place:=
M] All things are Created by Deity and Quran is a thing. So It is also Created
by the Deity.
O] Thou mayst be responsed in two ways:=
First Mutazilah them selves do not believe that All things are Created by
Deity. Since they do not believe that Human and Jin Acts are Created by
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