RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

6.1 Preparation of extract and properties:Successive Soxhlet extract process as yielded green and sticky coloured
Methanolic extract and dark brown colored Aqueous extract.
Table 3: Preliminary phytochemical screening

S.N
o
1

Types of Chemical Constituents

Methanolic extract

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Flavanoids

Steroids

Tannins and phenolic compounds

Saponin
Glycosides
Cardiac
glycosides
Starch

Alkaloids

+ ve:

indicates the presence of compounds

- ve: indicates the absence of compounds

6.2 Preliminary phytochemical screening:
Result:
It is observed from the phytochemical study that tannins, flavanoids, phenolic
compounds, carbohydrates, steroids and alkaloids are present in both extracts. Proteins
and starch are presents in aqueous extract.
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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Acute toxicity (LD50) studies:Acute toxicity studies for methanolic extracts of Leea indica L. belonging to the
family Leeaceae were conducted as per OECD guidelines 423 using rats. Each animal
was administered methanolic extract by oral route. The animals were observed for any
changes continuously for the first 2hrs and up to 24hrs for mortality. There were no
mortality and noticeable behavioural changes in all the groups tested.
The extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. An attempt
was made to identify LD50 of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves. Since no
mortality was observed at 2000 mg/kg. It was thought that 2000 mg/kg was the cut off
dose.
6.3 Antiulcer activity:6.3.1 Pylorus ligation ulcer model:Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on volume of gastric secretion
following pylorus ligation in rats: The volume of gastric juice secretion was significantly (P<0.05, P<0.001) reduced with
a dose 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared
with control.
The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on volume
of gastric juice secretion were 2.33, 4.97 and 2.86 ml respectively. The results are
summarized in Table No.4
Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on free acidity following pylorus
ligation in rats:The free acidity was significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduced with a dose of
100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared with
control.

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

The effect of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on free
acidity were 35.25, 80.14 and 35.80mEq/L respectively. The results are summarized in
Table No.2 and graphically depicted in Graph No.2
Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on total acidity following pylorus
ligation in rats:The total acidity was significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001) reduced with a dose
250mg/kg and 500mg/kg of MELI in dose dependant manner when compared with
control.
The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on total
acidity were 42.62, 106.72 and 47.34mEq/L respectively. The results are summarized
in Table No.2and graphically depicted in Graph No.3
Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on pH following pylorus ligation in
rats:The pH was significantly (P< 0.001) increased with a dose 500mg/kg of MELI in
dose dependant manner when compared with control.
The effects of Ranitidine (40mg/kg), MELI (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) on pH
were 6.77, 2.81 and 6.60 respectively. The results are summarized in Table No.4 and
graphically depicted in Graph No.4

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Table 4: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on gastric secretion

following pyloric ligation in rats
Vol of
Gr no

Treatment

Dose

gastric juice

Free

Total

Ph

Control

50mg/kg

in ml
6.74

acidity
84.109

acidity
115.21

1.42

Standard

40mg/kg

0.13
2.33

3.12
35.25

2.42
42.62

0.51
6.7

100mg /kg

0.70**
4.97

2.44**
80.14

1.16**
106.72

0.18**
2.81

200mg/ kg

0.68*
2.86

2.33
35.80

2.53*
47.34

0.30*
6.60

3
4

MELI
MELI

Values are the mean

0.35**
1.98
1.98*
S.E.M. of 6 rats / treatment

0.25**

Graph No.1: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on Volume of gastric
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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Juice in Pylorus ligation induced ulcer

8
7
6
5
Vol Of Gastric Juice(ml) 4
Control

Standard

MELI(100mg)

MELI(200mg)

1
0
Treatment

Graph No.2: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on free acidity in
pylorus ligation induced ulcer

100

80

60
Free
Control
Acidity(mE/L/100
Standard gms)
MELI(100mg)
40

20

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MELI(200mg)

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Graph No.3: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on Total acidity in
Pylorus ligation induced ulcer

150

100
Total
Control
Acidity(mE/L/100
Standard gms)
MELI(100mg)

MELI(200mg)

50

Graph No.4: Effects of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on pH in Pylorus

ligation induced ulcer

10

6
phControl

Standard

MELI(100mg)

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MELI(200mg)

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %
protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:
Gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.001)
reduced by pre-treatment with test extracts of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of MELI in dose
related manner when compared with control.
The reduction of ulcer index at a dose, 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and
200mg/kg of MELI were 7.3, 1.8, 4.79 and 1.54 respectively.
The percentage protection produced at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and
200mg/kg of MELI were 79.49, 40.05 and 76.48 respectively.
The ulcer protective action at 200 mg/kg dose of MELI was found to be closer to
the reference standard drug, Ranitidine. The results are tabulated in Table No.5 and
graphically depicted in Graph No.5. The photographs of open stomach are affixed in Fig.
No.6

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Table 5: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their
% protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

S. No

Treatment

Dose

Control

50mg/kg

Ulcer index

6.44.0.11
2

Standard

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35.46

40mg/kg

(Ranitidine)
3

MELI

100mg/kg

MELI

200mg/kg

Values are the mean

% protection

1.80.69**

79.15

6.910.35***

45.63

1.73 0.42**

75.93

S.E.M. of 6 rats / treatment

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Graph No 5: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and
their % protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:

10

6
Ulcer
Control
Index

Standard

MELI(100mg)

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MELI(200mg)

RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Fig 6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %
protection in pylorus ligation induced ulceration in rats:
Standard Rantidine
Control

(40mg/kg)

MELI-100mg/kg

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MELI-200mg/kg

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

6.3.2 Aspirin induced ulcer:
Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and their %
protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats:
Gastric lesions induced by aspirin were significantly (P<0.001) reduced by pretreatment with test extracts of 100mg/kg of MELI and 200mg/kg in dose related manner
when compared with control.
The reduction of ulcer index at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and
200mg/kg of MELI were 7.45, 1.95, 5.25 and 1.65 respectively.
The percentage protection at a dose 40mg/kg ranitidine, 100mg/kg and
200mg/kg of MELI were 86.78%, 77.85%, 46.42 %and 73.14 % respectively.
The ulcer protective action at 200 mg/kg dose of MELI was found to be closer to
the reference standard drug, Ranitidine. The results are tabulated in Table No.6 and
graphically depicted in Graph.No.6. The photograph of open stomach is affixed in Fig.
No.7

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Table 6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index and
their % protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

Gr.no
1

Treatment
Control

(Aspirin)
Standard

(Ranitidine)
MELI

MELI

Dose
200mg/kg

Ulcer index
7.45

%protection
40.51

40mg/kg

0.54
1.95

77.85

100mg/kg

0.34**
5.25

46.42

200mg/kg

0.84***
1.65
0.12**

73.14

Values are the mean

S.E.M. of 6 rats / treatment

Graph No.6: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaves on ulcer index
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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

and their % protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

8
7
6
5
Total
Control
Acidity(mE/L/100
Standard gms)
MELI(100mg)
4

MELI(200mg)

3
2
1
0

Fig. 7: Effect of Methanolic extract of Leea indica leaf on ulcer index and their %
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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

protection in aspirin induced ulcer in rats

Control Aspirin

Standard Ranitidine (40mg/kg)

100mg/kg MELI

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200mg/kg MELI

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