f

MANUAL
OF

Home-made

Apparatus
WITH

AND

PHYSICS,

CHEMISTRY,

TO

REFERENCE

PHYSIOLOGY.

BY

F.

JOHN
PROFESSOR
NEW

OF
YORK

OF

METHODS
CITY

NEW

E.

L.

SCIENCE

TEACHING

AUTHOR

SCHOOLROOM,"

WOODHULL,
OF
**

AND

tORK

' *

FIRST

AND

KELLOGG

SIMPLE
COURSE

IN

TEACHERS*
FOR

EXPERIMENTS
IN

SCIENCE."

CHICAGO:

"

CO.

COLLEGE,
THE

THE

SOLD

IN

ABOUT

IN

BOOK,

THIS

PUBLISHED

WAS

CYCLOSTYLE,

WERE

OF

EDITION

FIRST

NEARLY

IN

888,

OF

L.

1895,

KELLOGG

N"W

by

"

YORK.

CO.,

THE

UPON

COPIES

COUNTRIES.

Copyright,

E.

STATE

EVERY

FOREIGN

TEN

PRINTED

OF

THE

UNION

WHICH

AND

TABLE

CONTENT"

OF

r
!r.

PART

GLASS-WORKING.

IN

COURSE

I.

PAGB

Bending

glass tubing

2.

Drawing

and

3.

Blowing

bulbs

4.

Cutting

5.

To

1.

closing

glass

tubing

8
""

glass tubing,
in

holes

bore

bottle,

glass

10

11.

CHEMICAL

Oxygen

11.

Gas

12.

Apparatus

TUS,

12

generators

for

condensing
that

showing

chamber

15
of

portion

the

air

is

sumed
con-

combustion

for

Apparatus

13

"

with

generator

in
13.

APPARA

apparatus

Glass

8-10.

etc,

PART

7.

16

the

determining

proportion

of

in

oxygen

the
16

air
14.

Miner's

15-16.

^
":

safety

Test-tube,

17.

Blowpipe

18.

Distilling

19.

Apparatus

hydrogen

lamp
rack,

17
and

18

tongs

19

apparatus,
to
over

,....

show

that
hot

water

copper

may

be

produced

by

oxide

20

Ui

178491

19

passing

Table

IV

of Contents.
PAGB

sa

Apparatus
steam

21.

show

to

that

Apparatus

show

to

iron

hot

over

hydrogen

that

produced

be

may

by passing

filings

2i

will burn

chlorine

or

oxygen

in

drogen
hy22

PART

III.

PHYSICAL

22.

Apparatus
of other

23.

show

to

TUS.

APPARA

that

occupies

air

to

space

the

exclusion

things

Apparatus

24

show

to

invisible

that

substances

have

may

weight
24.

Receiver

24
for

Apparatus

25-27.

pressure
28.

Apparatus
and

30.

Barometer

31.

Apparatus

the

the

as

show

fountain

the

upon

it

fountain
caused

of

volume

that

pressure

and

air...

air varies

as

26
of

volume

gas

varies
28

caused

by atmospheric

ure
press-

air

by compressed

29
30

show

to

that

liquid

with

increases

pressure

the

depth
32.

33

Apparatus

show

to

proportional
33.

Apparatus

for

Apparatus
an

37a.

to

the

increase

of

pressure

that

33

at

any

depth in

given

liquid the

in all directions

illustrating buoyancy

show

liquid

is

depth

same

through

pressure
35.

show

is the

Apparatus

that
the

to

to

pressure
34.

35

and

the

transmission

of

liquids
the

36

transjxiission

of

water

pressure

by

air column

Apparatus

36
to

illustrate

total

fluid

pressure

in

vessel

38. Apparatus
39.

Student's

40.

Fountain

25

the

decreases

or

demonstrate

to
a

that

it increases

to

inversely
29.

show

to

upon

Apparatus

in rarefied

experiments

condensed

closed
37

to

illustrate

lamp
sponge-cup

the

reaction

of

jet of

water

38
39
39

Table

of

Contents.

PAGE

41.

Lifting-pump

40

42.

Force-pump

41

43.

Apparatus

to

44.

Apparatus

illustrating the

45.

Centre

46.

Apparatus

of

gravity

Apparatus

show

to

49.
51.

Apparatus

for

law

of

41

motion

42

when

liquids

force

43

specificgravity

the

of

specific gravity

buoyant

illustrate

Apparatus

force

43

against atmospheric
to

of

moment

second

the

their

by

the

disk

show

to

measured
47.

illustrate

anced
bal-

liquids when

of

pressure

43
44

osmose

illustrating the

formation

of

ice

crystal in

snowstorm

53.

45

Apparatus
metals

54.

illustrate

to

unequal

of

expansion

different

heated.

when

Apparatus

the

46

illustrate

to

the

of

expansion

liquids by

heat

"

Thermometer
55

and

56 and

Apparatus

55a.
heat

by

Air

"

57.

46
illustrate

to

the

expansion

of

air

thermometer

Apparatus

to

47
show

how

air-currents

are

produced

heat

47

58. Apparatus

that

show

to

and

water

air

are

poor

conductors

of heat

49
for

59.

Funnel

60.

Illustration

61.

Illustration

62.

"

63-65.

by

Fish-tail

hot

filtration

of

bunsen

of

blastlamp,

"

Tumbler

49

burner

50

blowpipe,

etc

50

burner
and

51

batteries

plunger

51

66.

Telegraph

sounder

68.

Apparatus

for

69.

Electric

70.

Annunciator

71.

Burglar-alarm

72.

Primary

73.

Telephone

59

75.

Electroscope

59

53

motor

.*.

and

and

liquids by

decomposing

electric

bell

an

electric

current...

54
55

56
58

secondary

coils

58

Table

vi

'

Contents,

Oj

PAGB

76.

Electrophoms

77.

Leyden

59

jar.

60
....

79.

Apparatus

illustrate

to

transmit

to

that

air

or

medium

some

is

sary
neces-

sound

60
;

80-91.

Apparatus

illustrate

to

the

subject

of

light

60
^

IV.

PART

PHYSIOLOGICAL

92.

Apparatus

to

illustrate

93.

Apparatus

to

show

enlarge
94.

Apparatus
from

95.

the

chest

the

the

to

muscles

of
of

action

61

intercostal

the

muscles

inhalation

and

illustrate

to

62

how

expansion

Apparatus

action

cavity

show

to

Tl/S.

APPARA

the

contraction

the

exhalation

and
of

the

chest

of

the

blood

circulation

result

cavity..
and

63

the

lymph
96.

66

Apparatus
of
in

97.

the

the

how

blood

in

muscular
the

action

veins

and

the

assists
flow

the
of

tion
circula-

the

lymph

lymphatics...

Apparatus

69

illustrate

to

of

pressure.

show

to

the

ear

how

is

adjusted

the

tension

to

changes

of

the
of

air

in

the

atmospheric

terior
in-

HOME-MADE

APPARATUS.

Glass

Bending

I.

be

Course

I.

Part

in

bent

alcohol

lamp
well

attempting

to

Small

it.

bend

may
but

flame,
The

it in the

heating

by

tubing

is preferred.

burner

softened,

glass

kerosene-lamp

or

gas

Bunsen

or

be

should

Tubing."

ordinary

an

Glass-working.

in

an

glass
before

flame,

for

If,

example,
one

the

the

flame,

At
heat

By
may
you

thus.

tube

and

the

it

adjacent
it

moving
keep

it

the

bending

desire.

may

is well

It

flame

is

come

in

perfectly

at

the

still

in

little

remember

flame,

let

represents
the

that
the

where

air.

would

left,

bend

hot

liable

you

curve

part

therefore,
to

to

rapidly.

as

tube

combustible

tube,
be

cease

and

gradual

to

as

occasionally

left
as

it

so

bend

to

right

not

in

slowly

the

the

and

right

with

begins

to

Do

edges,

outer

contact

when

Figure
to

it

but

^"

rolling,

constantly

parts.

to

^ig*

weight.
tube

move*

will

it

own

sides,

all

on

be

to

that

the

keep

first

it

its

"*

from

ought
so

of

down

rolling,
heat

inches

enough

is

(figure i)

one-half

and

softened
bend

end

the

bent
of

the

vapors

if
bend
5

kept
as

Home-made

in

represented
be

can

reached

skill

than

for

any

Fig.

small

be

drawn

tube

up
be

must

is the

one

not

size

of the

softened

perfection

matter

practice.

Patience

rather

is

there

Hence

no

glasstubing sufficiently

bend

not

may

Fig.

2.

tubing,

half
held

cost

inside

whose
of

inch,

an

this

for

in the

hottest

Glass
over

mentioned

an

fiftycents

contains

wick

inch

must

and

the

flame, which

quite inexpensive.

pound,

not

readily bent

the

part of the
is

does

be

can

purpose

tubing

above

3.

diameter

three-quarters of

or

third.

upper

It should

this

In

requisite capitaL

flame; and

alcohol

an

d.

much

three-sixteenths

exceed
in

and

be

practical purposes.

all

Only

it would

because

3,

only by

is the

why

reason

well

points

the

chiefly at

figure

Apparatus,

and

about

pound

twenty-five

feet.
2.

end
while

Drawing
in

each

holding

and
hand

Closing Glass
and

it in the

keep
flame,

tube

the
so

Tubing.

as

to

"

Hold

one

rollingcontinually
soften

it all around.

When

it has

become

and

pull.

You

dFaw

it

readily

in

represented
Make
scratch

quite

at

soft

it from

remove

out,

as

slight

with

three-

Fig.

the

tube

at

that

4.

break
Finish

point.

the broken

ends

them
II

Yjq

ac

will

small

"

bending

smooth, without
serve

useful

many

you

will be

the

ends

dropper^bulb" is put

end

c.

for

The

end

throwing jets of

One

is

by

with

tubing

small
the

end

inch
to
Fig.

jets

7. up

of

heat

it

the

The

end

6.

figure 40,

according

p. 29.
the

to

large tubing; and

drawn

even
was

better

is

apart

then

to

argand-

an

smoke

to

necessary

way,

follows

as

not

flame, and

uniformly

arrest

make

to

heat

the

gradually

rolling.

entirely; or,

water,

close

first.and

projects

into

in

proceed
to

It

much

very

melt

to

as

F'^.

to

I have

constant

able

care

"dropper- tube,*'if

illustrated

as

all around

chimney

With

order

chimney.

lamp

water,

this method

instant

an

so

be used

in

ing
hold-

the

always obliged

directions

above

as

purposes

upon

ad may

by

closing them.

or

called

bulb

rubber

for

in the fiame.

'

them

flame

figure 5.

file and

cornered

the

will

very

Glass-working

in

Course

on

if you

the

more

however,
Hold
than

the
an

deal

to

tube

with
that

so

eighth

of

keep it rollingslowly, so
all sides.
want

process

just

It will

tube
before

for

soon

an
as

close

throwing

the

tube

is

Home-made

quite closed, leaving

has

described
a

Fig.

will

other

be

end

and

of

Bulbs,"

so

it

Roll
red-heat.

the

the

and
a

half

in diameter

give it a sharp, quick push

scratch,

diameter,
on

inch

an

or,

file

if the
a

rather

opposite

the

is

tube

get

blow

bulb

of

the

side

entirelyclosed

bend

intended

the
and

tube.
leave

tube

into

force

the

the

raised

other

end,

bulb

etc."

bursts.

tubing

For

tube

quarter

so

of

place

and

it,

air into

as
an

your

file
to

leave

inch

in

thumbs

pull suddenly

as

10.

will

even,

shown

as

and

the

the

at

three-cornered

the

across

the

of

It
an

use

over

Fig.

if to

tube,

the

broken.

slight distance

gash, then

deep

the

cases

to

to stop blowing before

taking great care
Glass
Tubing, Bottles,
4. Cutting

under

throw

end, while

quickly

and

flame,

other,

will

most

lipsair-tightover

the

the

over

liable

to

end

until it is

Close

it from

remove

quite

project

slowly

in

the

at

order

In

to

as

while

This

and, secondly, this will be

and

end.

First, this

strong

glass tube, hold

flame.

not

thin

very

figure 8,

to

thick

Blowing

3.

in

8.

p.

straight stream,
will

the

advantages

two

on

other

in

little hole

method
~

Apparatus.

break
smooth

exactly

where

surface

at

having, however, sharp cutting edges.

These

the

should

you

end,
be

Course

trimmed

little with

Glass-working.

file

in

held

or

flame

until

they

nicely rounded.

are

tubing

For

plan

same

bottles
it is
in

tion

side

the

crack

to

glass

the

will

at

short

one

which
the

will

start

that

one-eighth
of the

the

it

lead
bottle

For
for
will

at

will.

will

make
See

glass it

sometimes

the

poker

slowly

creep
may

and

should

faster

we

needs

be

not

we

mark

the

have

on

help

crack.
cut

able
desir-

course

to

crayon

which

shape

is often

the

from

With

glass by

cut

any

but

crack

it.

sharp point

the

leading

method

the

It

out

black-board
in

because

may

desire.

may

iron,

into

method

glass with

MM

great

red-hot

control

can

one
care

to

"

red-hot,

than

this

12.

top will have

the

one

proper

Fig.

this

of

12.

bottles

111

end

one

glass jar

run

about

the

bottom

Fig.

thick

very

thin

and, while

and

tion
direc-

glass

Thus

The

fire

glass

cut

the

to

the

from

it will

poker.

uses.

many

inch

an

and

crack

to

up

of

To

fh-*'^
^i^g

wet

gash,

in

the

the

the

pursue

about

poker

place

it will touch

into

direc

are

this

Now

bottles.

right

hot

of

crack

with

you

end

required.
so

the

diameter

deep gash

bottle

give

Touch

in

poker

stove

quite

cut

of

inch

an

cutting glass

the

This

make.

to

for

as

heating,

one

half

over

Thrust

file.

in

of

the

By
a

pane

the
wet

eye

this
of

Home-made

lO

it is necessary

One

file

to

there.

crack

lead

around

tube

we

readily

may

represented

in

not

iron

rod,

jjgat

to

cool

holes

in

do

to

or

Bun-

is

This

The

off

bottle

or

the

it in

glass rod,

conductor

heat,

of

rapidly as

as

does

an

conduct

not

hand.

Break

"

thin

way

and

the

"

called

bore

the

glass rod

flame.

poor

does

in Glass.

file,sometimes

round

case

start

alcohol

an

laboratory.

being

Holes

by

convenient

the

Bore

in

burner

most

5. To

and

moderately

heated

sen

13.

edge

lamp chimney

or

Fig.

the

at

this

In

13.

crack

balances.

gash

Fig.

See

may

home-made

for

glass scale-pans

Apparatus.

off the

rat-tail

"

tip end

file.

the

Hold

glass.

With

of

this
file

as

Fig. 14,

bearing on heavily with

thumb.

the

file back

the

by

Swing
and

indicated

arrows,

at

twisting
file

giving

motion.

should

be

dipped
A

water.

has

been

paste

widely

glass,and
but
as

many

it would
well.

izontally,
hor-

as

time

same

forth

the

seem

the

it

The
quently
fre^^"'

into
made

of

camphor-gum

recommended
persons
that

have
water

to

^^'

and

assist the

paid heavily
answers

Indeed, it is probable that

the

turpentine

file in

cutting

the

secret,

for

purpose

anything

is

quite
equally

Course

good

which

have

been

that

will

hole

has

hole

with

out

however,
the

ten

minutes

side

great

ordinary

an

the

file

round

wet,

of

than

piece

tubing
by

making

the

tube,

of

the

of

After

avoid

such

the

trimmed

be

to

so

make

to

.jize desired.

any

soft

be

may
the
then

tube

hole

little

tubing

Here,

cracking

it

the

hole.

(See figure

15.)

cap

which

will

the

in

stop-cock

constructed

as

answer

end

firmly

purpose

instances

many
follows

may

Take

tight
water-

small

the

over

hole

larger
a

crowding

and

fit in

to

drawing

by

rubber

glass

made

into

be

file

bottle.
Glass

of

work

that

requires

It

it may

exercised

be

must

care

the

to

bottle.

glass

to

glass

work.

the

patient

of

through

put

in

of

cling

them

assist

II

particles

make

to

the

been

little

the

made

and

through

Glass-working.

ofif and

be

may

five

between

-retain

clipped

they

in

short
^

piece
end
or

with

tubing
It

glass
and

of

tubing

rubber
a

very

closed

is evident

tubing,
fit tubes
an

thai
cut

in

endless

piece

short
at

when
as

plug
of
in

end

one

glass
them

and

one

he

variety

of

^^

'"'

rod

glass

fiame.

the

bend,

can

chooses,

water-tight,

one

the

apparatus.

bore
way

draw,

and

holes

in

is open

close
bottles
to

struct
con-

Honie-made

Part
No.

Apparatus.

Chemical

11.

7.* The

Oxygen

figure 16, which

suffices

Apparatus.

Apparatas."In
for

retort, is put

FiG.

of the

spoonful

dioxide.

manganese
ful

the

apparatus

and

forth

in

No,

"AH

Ihe

prepared

by

Columbian

from

Educational
the

in
to

exhiblu

and

with

the

entire

State

of
are

eight

or

the

Eet,

apparatus
to

and

To

in

in

it is

now

N.

per
stop-

it.

were

the

of

World's

New

York

installed
V.

The

this

throughout
the

The

pages
at

State

of

use

The

these

The

back

the

to

hole

one

designate

hold

test-tube

J inches.

Albany,

bottles-

tin basin

trough.
the

and

is necessary.

and

exhibition

on

1893.

Capitol,

used

table-

chlorate

that

described

placed

Chicago,

description
which

is 6 X

apparatus

author

him

moving

stopper,

of

Museum,

those

holder

pneumatic

test-tube

Exposition,

purchased

used

the

six

flame, is preferable

rubber

pieces

yield

only gas

hands,

the

The
1

will

of

the

through

retort-stand.

potassium

of

only hell-jar needed,

purpose

every

is

is the

is the

bottle

answers

and

of oxygen,

The

This

about

16.

mixture

usual

test-tube,

the

book

modela

in

the

numbers
spond
corre-

In

that

Chemical

delivery

the

to

is

tube

directions

comparison

that

of apparatus

copper

gasholder
bell-jar

A
A
A

The

[rough.

oxide,
flask

from

8.

Ho

The

bottle

bottle, with
is

hole

to

but

weight.

The

through

than
the

No.

passes.
an

in

18

is

with

The
to

be

as

to

so

test-tube

eighth

of

test-tube, made

small

test-tube,

on

gas.

is

specially

generator.
wide-mouth

of

is

inch

an

as

test-tube

which

fits the

easily raised
fall

has

hole

There

the

di'

pen-knife, large enough

test-tube.

the

that

by

cork, through

common

not

sulphide, carbon

apparatus

eight-ounce,

an

place of the

This

i.

generating hydrogen,

in

hydrogen-sulphide

No.

chlorine, substitute

generate

loosely enough

lowered,

tube

used

Generator.

cut

receive

hole

is

"

as

tin, 6 in

needed

frothing produced

Gas

adapted

basin,

oxide, hydrogen

apparatus
of the

account

moi

block

stojiper
Delivery tube.

delivery

To

needed

None

con-

$0-03

"i

Rubber

apparatus

etc.

Afparatus,
6xi

test-tube,

1.50

oxide, nitric

nitrous

herewith

Abottle,8oz.,wide

65
for

same

with

apparatus

given

None

50

and

is

a.30

retort-stand

neclion

this

Homt-made

tubing

ing
accord-

Affaratus.

15.00

pneumatic

is bent

and

of

in vogue

13

5.

page

expense

much

retort

Rubber

the

on

Kind.

Ckeapiii
A

glass tubing

given

of

Cenvintitttal

TAe

inch

-^

Apparatus,

which

in

follows

its

rubber

small

of

hole

own

per,
stop-

deliverynot

diameter
:

and

Fig.

more

in

the

bottom

17,

of

Home-made

14

side

is held

test-tube

The
of

flame, and

Apparatus.
that

so

when

softened, the

the

mouth
the

of the

smooth

acid, and
the

sulphide

then

flows

which

gases
of

Cbj/."

and

through

the

from

Bottle

the

is

is

It

pushed

in the

and

Gas

only

wide-mouth
To

and

Hydrogen

the

generation

we

have

be

used

for

acids

When

in figure 17, the

and

may

by

No.

apparatus

without

gas

erator
gen-

any

the

6Xf

3 cents

from

delivery

No.

apparatus

7.

tube

7 cents

small

quantity

consists
bottle

generate

dioxide, a

small

This

"

of
and
a

a
a

of

cents

is convenient

is

gas

one-ounce

small

bottleful

lump

apparatus

of

glass
of

chalk

bon
car-

Fig.
or

of

cation
appli-

7.

in

Generator.

It

needed.

down,

bottom

10

9.

placed

are

delivery-tube.

Thus

use.

sulphuric

sulphide.

hole

small

ceases.

for

stopper

Cork

dish.

made

heat.

Rubber

when

hole

bottle

dilute

represented

as

up

generated

are

Test-tube,

No,

the

The

sulphide

hole

small

iron

sulphide

always ready
the

back

test-tube

the

through

out

hydrogen

of

the

is drawn

test-tube
flows

the

with

contact

of iron

lumps

through

passes

in

acid

hole

is still held
of

flame.

over

the

edges

filled with

half

When

test-tube.

comes

the

small

few

acid

the

the

comes
be-

i8.

about

in

The

by

and

tube

melted

soon

is closed

tube

the

flame.

the

single point

of the

while

in the

at

touches

operator

end

is blown

Fig.

bottom

glass

open

are

the

19,

i
Home-made

16

Apparatus.

"j

Test-tube,

O//"

No.

R"bb"

x.

s^topper

bottle

wide-mouthed

i-oz.

Rubber

No.

stopper

Delivery

j,"

^^^^^^^^^

,.

bottle,

wide-mouthed

8-oz.

p,""

from

3 with

No.

apparatus

9.

holes

two

7 cents

tubes

2 cents

9 cents

No.

in

is Consumed

the Air
bent

for

Apparatus

12.

at

small
bent

from

beneath

products

of combustion.

the

the

in

Cost,

"

to the

under

it protects

out,

lighted,and

Oxygen

over

beneath.
water

usually
over

5 cents

No.

cents

20

5 cents

cents

Apparatus for Determining the Proportion of

in the

is placed

lost

not

is

re-

water.

30

13.

is

is inverted

Tumbler

No.

attached

candle

Lamp-chimney
stopper

the

The

bottle

in the

absorb

to

dish of

Rubber

is also

is used

chimney

end

upper

is tacked

is taken

when

case

lightedcandle

support

portion of the air

chimney by expansion, as

Thus

from

the

stopper

placed.

The

to

as

so

Lime-water

flame.

the

the

end

tin is

stripof

of

Portion

stopper, which

of the rubber

tumbler

to

'

lower

piece of a taper.
at a rightangle and

surface

'

Combustion."

the

rightangle at

that

Showing

upon

Air.

"

the

it,with
After

will be found

small

wire-shelf
its mouth

standing
to

have

clean

piece of

thus

and

the

dipping
for

risen

so

a
as

phosphorus

test-tube

verted
is in-

into

water

day
to

the

or

occupy

two

the
about

Chemical

fifth of

one

carefully made

found

were

Vol.

of

the

At

lamp

wire

burning

without

Fig.

would

which
tube

be
its

above

heated

spring
wire

The
18

copper

the

form

meshes

melts

and

white

if oxygen

lifted, while

the

into

fumes

The

and

test-

is thus

phosphorus

kindling temperature,

the

24.

present.

were

the

of

down

runs

the

of

it will

mediatel
im-

flame.

the

for

is

phosphorus

easily bent

is made

with

the

of

No.

fingers in

represented by figure.24.

I4"
as

end

Fig.

support

"

^Test-tube
Small

such

flame

upper

producing

or

wire, which

Cost

No.

the

23.

appear
now

may

cent.

per

the

toward

phosphorus

the

until

test-tube

21

experiment

the

directed

be

may

figure,

S-7

air
of

close

in the

shown

as

as

of

Measurements

1.2

to

Vol.

be,

to

oxygen

"7

test-tube.

the

of

volume

the

Apparatus.

The

is used
to

the

from

No.

apparatus

7.

tumbler

Miner's
for

5 cents

Safety

milk-strainers

inch),six

inches

Lamp."
or

fine

square,

wire

sieves

gauze,

(30

is rolled

or

into

40
a

Home-made

i8

cjlinder

about

inch

an

in

ends,

cork

wax.

Coal-gas,

of

the

coal

by

the

strips

into

into

bottle

half

or

the

its

of

bottle

in

in

this

which

; the

the
the

to

melted

case

is

is

sents
repre-

lighted and
and

setting

brought

into

combustible

a,

candle

without

flame

into

own

wire-gauze cylinder

uncovered

of

nicely

wire,

little ether, is put

i^'ne

collected

the

flash

drop

with

to

lowered
the

fire

to

the

mouth

occurs.

is then

carbon

put

into

bottle, showing

the

dioxide, which

has

been

formed

combustion.

15.
of

Test-tnbe

bored

Rack
"

wood,

inches

thirteen
are

put

presence

No.

has

little lime-water

the

gas

if the

but

gas,

by

tied

is fastened

taper

large bottle, which

a

as.

small

very

and

fitted

are

lower

the

Fig.

diameter

corks

common

Apparatus.

two

high

inches
with

inches

and

the

respectively.
a

The
wide

rack
; the

horizontal
In

the

seven-eighth-inch

is made

uprights

strips
upper

bit.

of
four

twelve

thin
and

and

strip, six holes

In

the

lower

Chemical

strip,underneath
a

countersink

made

are

held

needed
to

as

which

the

cause

The

test-tube.

in

in the

tongs

inches

and

They
is

hinge

no

"

are

long

figure27.

bands

rubber

stout

of the

nine

with

is made

test-tube

about

represented

are

end

represented

as

together by

"

lower

each

wood

thick, cut

inch

an

the

19

holes, a cup

Tongs."

stripsof

of two

half

receive

Test-tube

16.

No.

these

of

each

to

Apparatus.

figure as placed

so

to

tongs

close.

They

slight

hand

the

If, however,
and
the

them,

opened by
of

pressure

upon

open

are

SSX555S

the
,

large end.

require

slight pressure

rubber

bands

be

may

large end and the tongs

No.
The
17. Blow-pipe.

the

pieces

at

The

7.

connected

a8.

This
of

stream

as

pieces
by

nearer

is made

of

enables

two

four

is

nearly

described

on

page

glass tubing

piece

air from

of

about

which

of

one

end,

one

close

to

somewhat

blow-pipe

two

tubing.

hand

operate.

so

long,

closed

the

of

glass tubing, each

of

inches

ordinarilyremain

moved

will

"

Fio.

which

prefers tongs

one

of

rubber

direct

to

one

the

soft

are

blow-pipe

the

as

he

chooses.
Cost,

"

Rubber
Glass

No.

i8.

nitric
and
water

small

and

tubing

from

apparatus

No.

8.

tubing

Distilling Apparatus."

This

cent

is used

in making

acid, hydrochloric-acidsolution,ammonia
bromine,

as

obtaining

quantities.

well
from

as

separating

solution

alcohol

distilled

water

tion,
solufrom

in

Home-made

lo

Apparatus.

is sometimes

test-tube

used

The

is

frothing

length
inch

to

of

the

in which

in

collected
end

into

is put

the

of

the

fast

as

it is

This

Rubber

tiroe

is

not

show

hence

tube
oxide

under

from

the

flame

the

containing
and

-tube
testcob-

is

which

the

cover

needed

ammonia

or

for

each

water

solution,
quite

not

absorbs

to

up

the

water

No.

gas

the
as

end
the

that
over

Water
Hot

Copper

for

is

gas,
tubes

is then
of the
copper

produced.

7.
'

moisture

drying
A

Show

Hydrogen

tube

that

no

needed.

placed

to

is allowed
the

through
to

about

are

vapors

i,)

to

by Passing

deposited

and
are

stopper.

hydrogen,

flow

to

such

of the

['Fromapparatus
No.

Apparatus

19.

The

"

of

within

allowed
amount

occur.

bottle, \

wide-mouih

8-oz.

Produced

to

generated.

Test-tube,

No.

preferred

distillate

test-tube,

delivery tube.

end

"

acid

hydrochloric

water

Ceit.

the

"

flask.

small.

make

little

the

never

is

bottom

The

is

delivery-tube

pupil is very
To

test-tube

the

this

of

densed.

ag.

the

is made

reach

as

of

liable

delivery-tube

The

Fig,

place

latter, however,

when

in

Fio.

30.

may

be

Oxide.

chemical

'

"

8'Oz.

natrow-moiithed

Rubber

Produced
In

and

not

it

the

under

to

lock

of

the

flask

Hydrogen
generating
the

the

the

the

entirely in

ftrmly into

stopper

Show

to

that

cents

cents

bottle

end

the

In

31.

in

of

may
in the

the

by tiltingthe

support

rubber

the

of

this

other

Fio.

If

sulphide

the

teat-tube.

falling without

end

cent

the

hand
is

is

the

preferable

but

stopper

"

basiti

holds

stand,

flask, there

to

have

is

pressed

no

danger

support.

be

collected

flask

and

the

melted

test-tube

remote

case

tin

the

It

be

may

Filings.

Iron

holds

the

app;iratus

hydrogen

hand

and

of

mouth

Hydrt^en
Hot

over

one

hand.

test-tube.

kept in the

apparatus

steadies

lamp

one

I'assing Steam

by

using

o,

hole

tube

Apparatus

20.

with

botlle

No.

stopper

Delivery

No.

/Apparatus.

apparatus

in the

heating
sulphur
from

slightly.

bottle

by

sulphur

in

should

be

the

rubber

Home-made

22

Cost

wide-mouth

8-oz.

"

Apparatus.

bottle.

Tin-basin,
Test-tube,
Rubber
2

From

No.

stopper
flask

oz.

Rubber

apparatus

No.

from

with

stopper

with

two

18.
holes

4 cents

Delivery-tubes
Extra

No.
will

""

to Show

Apparatus

Burn

in

Hydrogen."

that

Oxygen

eight-ounce

to

lighted

at

the

bottle

and

delivery

one

hand, while

burning

the

of

hydrogen

substitute

in

the

represented in figure 29,

eight-ounce

the

of

upper
in

the

neck

in the

of

other.

32.

The

to

seen

is held

bottle

is held

into

up

The

of

the flask

merely

delivery-

end

end

the

of

will be

tube.

flask

mouth

the

the

at

or

hydrogen

the

flame

terial
ma-

oxygen

slowly thrust

burning

burn

The

The

is

in the

into the

is put

it,when

To

cents

by using

7.

heated.

tube

the

51

Chlorine

bottle

generate

chlorine

prevent

cents

or

No.

apparatus

Fig.

45

is collected

Hydrogen

and

cents

lamp

21.

7.

hole,

No.

apparatus
No.

one

bottle

hydrogen

in

hands

the

by

or

oxygen

flask.

The

to

flame.

the

delivery-tube from
collect

tilted

chlorine, we

or

oxygen

by using apparatus
the

is

apparatus

apparatus

chlorine

No

7, and

hydrogen

have

must

in the
erate
gen-

be

Home-made

ill.

Part
No.

Exclusion

to the
of

Physical

Apparatus

22.

fit it

in

inch.

an

it will

will

water

in.

pass

bottle, outside

in

amount

of

May

23.

Apparatus

wide,

sheet

size,

Place

this upon

three

wood,

the

which

should

than

and

or

end
across

one-quarter

side

into

box

the

funnel
of its

the

of

nel
fun-

bubble

the

out

small

bottle.

Substances
inches

five

one-half

of the

top

time

same

Invisible

paper

of

there

little air

funnel

and

two

the

collect

the

at

air

amount

{If

the

of

inches

long,
deep,

of
a

thickness
be

on

that
a

bubble

8X10.

piece

cornered

the

Make

one

rule, laid

that

Show

bottle

writing-

of

letter

foot

to

the

water

The

into

same

see

bottle.

about

funnel.

n^ay

from

Weight."

paper,

you

and

water

after

the

press

one-

and

water,

this will

Now

flows

water

inches

from

the

Notice

water.

Have

three

that

little, so
the

No.

accord.)

own

through

of

in

the

passed

Put

sufficientlywet

was

of

only

is made

is about

funnel

flow, unless

when

out,

the

Space

funnel

end

neck

has

to

cease

comes

33.

the

Occupies

The

filled with

be

may

Air

lower

Dip

tablespoonful

Fic.

the

air-tight in

funnel

that

Things."

opening

eighth of

Apparatus.

Show

to

of Other

The

paper.

Apparatus.

of
of

^'*'not

of

3*-

more

an

inch.

While

it is

impossible

to

Physical Apparatus.
balance

the

ruler

nearly

balanced

into

hold

the

from

it into

the

No.

Air.

with

which

over

"

short

is

about

eighteen

one's

exhaust

by

or

the

of

the

something
its end

ether

inch,

mouth

square

of

in

person

is

the

air in the

inch.

one

or

When

to

and

bottle

of
the

reduce
or

other

or

nipple

the
of

rubber
a

per

35.

square

eighteen pounds

degree

greater

air is needed,

the

eight pounds

seventeen
a

10

practice,

thus

it to

No.

For

tube

With

seven

swers
an-

receiver.

rubber

air to

the

wide-

32-ounce

heavy

This

the

may

and

is

it is sufficient

lungs.

Rarefied

tubing,"

long.
of

to

increase

compression
to

was

glass tube,

pressure

compress

of
or

its

glass rod,

"

purposes

average

tension

of

to

vapor

FiG.

the

then

brought

its mouth

which

piece

inches

of the

use

bent

experiments

many

apply

piece

drawn

tubing, called

all the

of

In

style.

hole

carries

rubber

very

that

they

vapor,

press

is

match

represents

35

A.

one

other

the

will

Experiments

Figure

"

stopper,

while

ether

of

ether

until

pouring

box

showing
for

bottle, E.

plugged

the

lighted

occurs,

Receiver

Condensed

rubber

if

of

act

so

it.

24.

mouthed

the

Soon

and

flash

into

poured

box.

down,

if in

as

the

is filled with

tumbler

tumbler

ruler

mouth

the

and

evaporate

of

drops

minutes

few

be

addition

the

few

it may

wood,
with

Put

letjt stand

and

of

way

weight.

small

tumbler,

piece

tip either

to

as

exceedingly

an

this

across

2S

of

per

exhaustion

tube

combination

or

is attached
of

air-

26

Home-made

and

pump

Cost.

of

wide-mouth

Rubber

bottle, E. "

No.

apparatus
Rubber
stopper

Franklin

the

by

Educational

$3.

for

Boston,

32-oz.

"

sold

condenser,

Company,

Apparatus.

A.

style, from

14.

No.

10
"

"

18

tubing,

pressure

inches

39

cents

24

cents

"

63
Nos.

26,

25,

Volume

of Air

Decreases.

or

mouth

No.

24,

rubber

cloth

in the

receiver

small
No.

The

the

consists

(figure36), into

into

inches

closed

at

bottle

and

and

air

cloth

sags

into

the

neck

of

rush

as

into

the

This

end

of the

is

fountain.

inserting
Water

water

method

glass

is

tube

is put

in

of

air

again, it is

nearly
the

into

it.

receiver

the

out

spurts

tube

into

dips

tube

placed

When

receiver

the

by

fitted

end.

apparatus

glass tube, three

bottle.

lower

air rarefied

the

is

for

upper

the

which

long,

in

bottle

narrow-mouth

of

p.

the

this

bottle

the

small

is allowed
to

seen

tp

enter

36.
also

through

small

the

the

receiver, it is
the

on

hole

When

T.

the

is condensed

when

one-ounce

mouth

the

four

or

of

described

riG.

rubber

receiver,

is rarefied

and

bulges outward,
the

in the

receiver

in the

is

cloth

bottle.

26

^r^

air

wide-

rubber

placed

the

it Increases

one-ounce

of which

is then

that

upon

of

mouth

bottle

Show

to

Pressure

consists

25
the

when

and

the

as

No.

bottle, over

air-tight

Apparatus

27.

Varies
"

tied

the

and

cents

compressed

When

water.
seen

bottle

to

enter

air is allowed

by
air
the
to

is

which

bubbles

into

condensed

small
flow

bottle
out

of

and,
the

pass
the
when

receiver.

Physical Apparatus.
water

again spurts

glass

tube

is

the

fountain
when

air is
air

and
bottle
the
of

the

It

in

is allowed

into

the

of

into

the

as

small

consists

of

mouth

"

out

it from

plays
air

the

Fio.

37.

narrow-mouthed

which

Water

bent

is

(figure 38),

the

the

receiver

out

of

of the
allowed

of

and

water,

small

rush

flows

into

the

and

When

this

receiver,
the

by
it-

the
small

tube

the

air in

the

tension

When

air

flows

into
is

bottle.

the

released,

compressed

small
water

into

bottle, and,
passes

the

when
out

again

bottle.

If air

receiver,
the

from

is

receiver

s8

is

is

is forced

water

in

into

bottle

when

bottle

above.

the

end

outer

contained

to

it.

in

placed

is fitted
to

small

is rarefied

the

air

the

dips into

apparatus

with

referred

into

tube

glass

bottle,

tube

glass

method
is put

water

of

out

pass

one-ounce

covered

air

flow

when

the

the

receiver.

of

as

small

fountain

the

enter

so

the

to

bottle

receiver,

exhaust

the

figure 37 the

bottle

the

to

we

and

tube.

from

In

stricted
con-

small

continues

by

Fig

the

into

out

but

the
to

^^

end

bottle

receiver,

No.

receiver

it is allowed

small

again

the

pass

receiver.

the

into

compressed

when

the

that

so

bottle,

play

will

bottle.

the

outer

will

small

inside

is put

water

seal

to

the

is inverted,
end

Jittle

from

a?

water

compressed
the

small

28

Home-made

Cost,

"

i-oz.

j4pparatus.

mouthed

narrow-

bottle

Tubing
Rubber
"

cloth

Receiver

from

No.

App.

wide-mouthed

bottle

and

14

from

App.

cents

cents

cents

i-oz.

No.

9.

6 cents

No.
of

Gas

28.

Varies

glass tube,

inch,

and

closed

at

Apparatus

inches, be

and

efi%

Pressure

is

inches,
11

inches

cd

long.

Fig.

The

tube

from

injury. Mercury

column

is fastened

when

about

is 34

horizontal

to

the

Volume
it,

upon

is one-quarter

of

"

an

fifty-two inches,

(figure39), and

as

diameter

length

end

about

the

inside

whose

is

that

Inversely

whose
the

to Demonstrate

is bent

inches,
The

end

so

that

is

de

/is

ab

is
is

inches,

left

open.

39.

strip of

is put
extends

into

board

the

from

tube
g

to

to
so

h.

it

protect
that
In

the

hand-

Physical

ling
in

figure 6,

than

To

of

the

find

end

and

the

volumes

of

the

in

each

corresponding
the

end

is

to

raised

raised

height

above

the

is measured.
less

pressure

and

than

measurements

above.

as

Glass

til/."

tubing

18

Mercury

No.

is

apparatus

arm

to

greater

pressure

vertical

column

mercury

atmosphere,

taken

corresponding

positions
the

is illustrated

as

7,

volumes

various

29

such

dropper-tube

use

atmosphere

an

table

an

p.

find

To

to

we

mercury

Apparatus.

29.

Apparatus

Atmospheric
Air.

Pressure
"

It

to

Shov

and

consists

35

53

cents

Fouatain

Fountain

of

cents
cenls

i6-ounce

Caused

by

Caused

by

pressed
Com-

narrow-

mouthed

Home-made

so

bottle, a

No.

inches

nine

of rubber

condense

fingerapplied
Problems

in

also

balloon

Cost

"

"

syphon

as

be

may

used

thumb

and

stop-cock.

would

mine

of the

are

do

if taken

of

interest,

bottles, etc.

stopper

No.

Rubber

tubing

from

Tumbler

from

Glass

"

Rubber

16-0Z.

serve

piece

lungs

bottle,and

coal

the
p. 25

apparatus

in

short

air-guns, spurting oil-wells, "soda-

to

fountains,"

water

on

tubing

this

down

or

its relation

rubber

what

to

as

Either

air in the

glass tubing

of

end,

one

mentioned

the

the

to

at

tumbler.

air-pump

the

or

piece

closed

long, nearly

rarefy or

up

stopper,

tubing, and

operator
to

rubber

Apparatus.

from

No
apparatus
No.
8.
apparatus

No.

apparatus
mouthed

narrow-

7.

12.

bottle

5 cents

tube

cent

6 cents

No.

36.

Barometer.

inside

diameter

and

length

end

one

bent

inches
thirty-five

and

Mercury
four

is introduced

inches

barometer

^
^^'^^'

read

tube

is fastened

and

the

board.

scale

length of
measured
The

back

tube

time

by

time,

each

columns,
the

at

to

is attached
the

long

from

length

and

long

which

short

three

or

by passing

the

shelf

short

arm

flame

is added.
for
one

at

may

the

The

protection.

of the

arms

arm

about

arm

through

board-back

at

is left open.

arm

boiled
forth

by

the

short

mercury

small

of the

the

inch

an

dropper tube,

and

of

that

short

and

charge

the

of

end

The

so

an

is closed

forty-threeinches,

about

flame, and

six inches.

of

three-sixteenths

about

in the

is about

glass tube, having

"

readily
mercury

bottom

subtracted

of
from

Home-made

32

the

of

length

the

which

column,
Cost,

such
of

as

kept

the

the

from

third

it the

Increases
side of

bottle

the

"

Liquid

their ends

that

Show
"

pupil

to

structed
in-

hour, and

on

are

p.

11.

level

holes

into

fitted

32-oz.

wide-mouthed

16-0Z.

narrow-mouthed

and

Short

these

the

keep

during

bored

tubes

water

to

the

in

this

experiment,

the

neck

has

inverted

bottle

17

16-

been

cut

it.

over

bottle

in

holes, and

according

tubes
To

Pressure

are

bottle.

bottle, whose
water

Liquid

Three

these

for

filled with

cents

5 cents
3 cents

Apparatus

Pressure

appointed

same

25

32.

the

and

obtained

Tubing

No.

teacher

teacher

the

for

wide-mouthed

narrow-mouthed

(p. 9), is

The

of

class

following day,

The

on.

samples

second

the

report

Depth.

constant

Cost,

to

32-ounce
at

so

cents

primary

at
piipil,

upon

32

observations

the

this

cents

morning.

provided

at

ounce

turn,

paper

next

described

method

off

closed

are

caps

take

day

pupil,and

with

by

school).

in

to

next

Apparatus

31.

nearly

how

in

who,

cury
mer-

pressure.

25

are

31,

session),instructed

evening

recorded

No.

the

the

same,
a

the

and

(closeof

time
do

them,

page

this barometer

upon

pupil

the

7 cents

grade (third year

one

of

by atmospheric

given herewith, on

were

instructed
record

is balanced

height

the

tubing
Mercury

third

the

gives

arm

Glass

"

records

The

long

Apparatus.

is

to

Show

that

Proportional

to

the

the

cents

Increase

Depth.

of
"

Physical Apparatus.

Pig.

tube

glass
the

long

short

ends
to

about

arm

left

are

board

The

form

may

base
a

be

scale

is attached

has

tray

an

to

to

and

for

of
a

each
board

elevated

margin,

spilled by

the

accident.

Both

ment
measure-

it stand

catch

the

is fastened

make

to

long

long.

tube

alongside

sufficientlybroad
The

inches

four

open.

placed

sixteen

about

-back, and

whole

inches

twenty-two
is

arm

is
The

about

43.

mercury

arm.

base

firmly.
so

as

which

to

is bent

Home-made

34

is put

little mercury

water,

alcohol, ether, or

arm.

The
and

forces

are

taken

each

short

the

above

the

length

the

column

of

mercury

half

about

of

the

column

of water

alcohol

about
such

From

The
a

the

p.

bottle

gives

the

first

required

to

balance

inch.

high,
give

the

pressure

requires

It

and

it.

column

same

of

pressure.

specificgravity of

mercury

and

enlarged by putting

small

end

of

end

of

the

stopper

tube

into

the

the

thrusting

and

into

hole

the

through

is

so

the

lamfH

common

long

of

arm

the
is

Water

stopper.

spite of

the

fact

greatly increased,

the

pressure,

before, is found

as

in

chimney.

the

of water

In

to

be

proportional

to

that

the

alone.
means

of

the

all the

After
may

rubber

with

connected
II.

liquid used,

other

is extended

measured

be

gives

jyrater-column

volume

By

the

long

third

the

high represents

to

the

the

obtained.

or

poured

depth

high

in

from

square

the

liquids is

chimney
then

inches

of

giving

column

or

one

in the

base

one

from

inches

13.7

readings

other

rubber

glass

per

measurements

alcohol

and

inch

pound
about

17

column

long

added

the

and

subtracted

mercury

in the

mercury

above

of water,

one

the

of

arm,

long

Three

subtracted

column

of

mercury

liquid

the

of

reading

second

the

long

reading

of the

length

the

base

the

to

liquid is

of the

afterwards

added

arm.

height

the

base

second

short

the

above

in

the

down

charge

first and

tube

liquid is

other

in the

giving

one

The

arm.

and

time

column

height
the

it up

height

arm,

mercury

in the

liquid presses

arm

giving

Apparatus.

be

raised

tubing

this

spout oT the

air is
and

dislodged
lowered

pressure
bottle
from
to

gauge
described
the

various

may
on

tubes, the

positions,

Physical apparatus.
and

taken

measurements

to

the

size

or

liquid is proportional

of

means

with
and

the

By
with

various

in

pressure

vertically,

vessel

ing
contain-

the

in

pressure

calculate

is

tube

By

specific

nected
con-

lungs,

inch

termined.
de-

connected

is

determine

to

liquids.

the

the

or

square

glass tube

liquids

is

gauge

per

glass

and

various

upward

or

various

pressure

pounds

tubing

gauge,

in

depths

we

dipped
the

the

gravity

to

ant
buoy-

same

periments
ex-

also

of

liquids.
Call.

No.

Apparatus

In

Liquid,

Directions.

the

each

of

all

at

the

on

When

upward.

in

the

all

pressure

gauges,

column

may

square

be
inch.

both

tubes.

The

the

translated

height

in

All

lower

points
third

the

the

upon

to

Same

Given

rubber

one

and

presses

rises

and

Any

chimney.

The

level

same

the

cenls.

tight
water-

the

ends.

water

the

tied

lamp

at

is

through

finger

cloth

is

sidewise,

another

downward,

that

Pressure

of

pass

open

are

Show

cloth

tubes

glass

stopper,

the

bottom

lo

mercury

to

Rubber

"

over

Three

and

Glass, wood,

"

33.

Depth

per

the

of

this

of

terms

rubber

of

force

height

shape

of

pressure

gas-pipe, steam-pipe, water-pipe,

means

rubber

the

measured

depth

tubing

rubber

pressure

this

ends

that

liquid.

the

By

is the

what

matter

no

show

to

35

the

same

tubes

act

of

water-

the

readily

into

as

pounds

pressure

Cetl.

Glass

"

tubing
stopper

Rubber

cloth

No,

with

7,

three

holes

Ho.
the

from

chimney

Transmission

small

for

Apparatus

34.

of

pill bottle

half

is inverted
is

There

adjusted

When

that

rubber

liquid
it

the
less

bottle

it sinks.

air

The

elasticity.
air

the

the

and

again
when
the

buoyed
the

is

room

Lamp
No.
Water

its

the

of

in

as

is

small

the

the

of

cold

the

it will

through
ing
caus-

rising
air,

of

now

small

the

is removed

the
its

demonstrating
displaced

now

the

being

small

bottle

rise

the

of

vial,

up

bottle

small

the

upon

The

buoys

water

of

float.

or

by the

seen

bottle.

small

weight

pressure

sink

small

pressure

the

of

is transmitted

air

the

carefully

so

stopper

original volume,

If

is

equal

during

the

to

it

bottle,
sinks

by

is

night,

at

when

day

warm.

chimney
35.

glass

rubber

longer

When

up.

room

the

no

weight

than

greater

or

in

water,

again

recovers

the

contract,

water

displacing
and

to

the

o"

tion
propor-

is exerted

pressure

to

is

it to

cause

full

The

vial

chimney.

lamp

vial.

the

pressure
or

the

the

half

slightest change

will

cloth

chimney,

in

and

Lii^uids."

and

water

in

the

little

in

water

temperature

or

the

to

of
water

cork

air

of

in

no

Buoyancy

Tlirough

full

cents

12.

Illustrating

Pressure

about

air

No.

Apparatus

cents

zo

Lamp

cents

Rubber

rubber

and

Apparatus

Pressure

by

stopper

to
an

Ait

from

Show

apparatus

the

No.

TransmlssIoD

Coiumn
"

The

lower

ts.

of
bottle

Physical apparatus.
be

may

placed

bottles

held,

the

If

lowered

flows, is raised

the

of

force

if

the

bottle

in

the

other

the

of

is
of

to

which

notions

given

has

water

is held
or

the

height

This

piece

calculated

to

fallacious

the

mystical

the
"

called

apparatus

other

in

is raised

changes

some

the

it,but

which

"

fountain.

dispel

the

produces

apparatus

"

in

hand

it

lowered

and

cause,
fountain, be-

the

which

pressure

floor

or

change

no

change

no

of

is

there

or

which

from

A,

table

hand.

in each

one

bottle

fountain

the

the

upon

37

Hero's

tain
Foun-

rise-

Oaf.
narrow-moutbed

16-0Z.

from
2

16

"

tle
bot-

No.
apparatus
narrow-mouthed

ot.

29.

bottles

Rubber
two

No.

No.

with

holes

Rubber

stopper
Ho.
apparatus

Glass

tubing
Rubber-inbiog
No.

ratQS

cents

cents

from

3o.

feet

from

appa-

95.
iS

Ho.

37a.

Instrate
"A

rubber

cents

10

stopper

the

tin

lard

cloth

^"^

Apparatus

to

Fluid

Total

pail
tied

cents.

Pressure
whose

cover

over

U-

it

so

as

sides
to

make

In

are

an

^^"

Closed

Vessel.

straight

has

air-tight space

Hotne-made

38

inside.

by the method

tubing

piece

short

four

on

II,

page

and

long is attached

feet

rubber
9 l^d
may

lifted

pounds
tube

be

"

No.

by

cloih

Rubber

tubing

of

Jet

lifted

bored

in

bottle

(figure 48) by

16-ounce

on

tubes

whose

(p. 7)

closed
holes

filled

by
water

Cast,

page

with

water

the

cause

"

r6Kn.
bottle

Tubing

Ko.

Illustrate

to

holes

the

method

and

short

ends

mouth

the

into

and

The
bottle

four
to

these

method

The

11.

scribed
debent

bottle

suspended
jets
revolve.

narrow-mouthed
scents.
a

cems.

of

the

upon

rubber
of

The
of

many
rubber
scribed
de-

water

pounds
column

tube

upon

of water.
cents

qs.

are

nearly

are

the

by

on

string.

of the

apparatus

fitted

are

water-tight

described
is

outer

The

weight

many

narrow-mouthed

10,

page

of

the

weights

lo

Four

"

the

bottle

the

pressure

from

Apparatus

Water
a

the

used

breath.

weight

and

be

book

over

it.

and

rubber
A

across

upon

of

its side

of

this.

cloth

end

the

with

and

ii,

Rubber

38.

of

force

connected

page

book

Cftl.

by the

be

may
on

the

47-

piece

to

is laid

^^^

into

is fitted

glass tubing

of

described

about

Apparatus.

Reactloii

ot

Home-made

40

is

sponge

the

moist.

kept

No.

Lifting

41.
the

bottom

Pump.-"

of

51.

other

is

with

into

the

is

for

used

rod

tightly

is wound

prevent

tube

soft

put

passing

the

it

to

its

slipping

downward-

in

the

of
one

the
of

rod,

of

chimney,
its holes

it

Small

valves.

Rnobs

while

Waxed
above

No.

and

piston,

rubber

as

...

they
thread

the

holes.

softening

by

them

serves

with

wound

as

surface.

just

stopper

piston.

pressing

hard

the

around

ends

nearly

nicely.

fit

the

move

and
a

is

Below

of

rubber

used

are

the

flame

against

through

make

is used

top

and

cloth

be

is

half

(p. 9).

piston
to

upon

in

^ them

No.

down

lead
and

to

the

tubing,

glass

inch

chimney

rubber

made

are

are

of

of

found

into

and

to

one

is

cord

cotton

piece

the

chimney
diameter.

glass

Si.

of

top

fits

lamp-chimney,

plugged,

About

uniform

pieces

is

upon

stopper

rubber-tubing

cistern.
the

is

short

of

piece

rubber

Argand

hole

thrust

the

soft

No.

One

from

that

to

constructed

are

small-sized

figure

cut

Fig.

Ink-wells

principle.

same

into

Apparatus.

per
stop-

bent
a

31

glass

spout.

cents

Physical Apparatus
No.

Force-Pump.

42.
is

plug

removed
of

stopper
thrust

into

under

the

is made

from

its

wide-mputhed

i-oz.

Through

stopper

bent

passes,

having

the

outer

closed,

for

other

throwing

like

valve

hole

of

and

from

this

air-chamber
Cost,

the

Glass

Force.
an

43.
A

"

inch

^^'

inside

glass tube

passes

from

3 from

the

covers

41

the

bottle
No.

the

of
and

bottle,

connects

pump.
No.

apparatus
No.

apparatus

9.

11.

tubing

Apparatus
strip of

thick,

No.

apparatus

lamp-chimney

the

stopper

^^^*
water.

upon

bent

with

Rubber

No.

in

wide-mouthed

i-oz.

"

of

jets

tube

nearly

end

stopper

this hole

hole

one

glass

used

that

piston

air-chamber

An

valve.

and

41

the

of

hole

bottle,figure 52.
of

No.

apparatus

to

thirteen

wood

inches
of

an

long, quarter
inch

gd6636

made

inserted

edge,

Fig

bent

in the

form

hung

upon

the

into

53.

first

letter S.

pin

at

the

the

one

Coarse

apart.
No.

are

lower

distances

at

per
cop-

is

12,

cut

lengths exactly thre^

inches

of the

upon

pins

of

along

wire,
2

of

pin, figure 53.

Hooks

i:

middle

common

inch

wide, is pivoted

in the

F5T5T?

cent

of

Moment

the

Illustrate

three-eighths

and

the

force-pump

lower

the

from

the

make

To

"

41

Two

long.
of

left balance

These

these
one

are

weights
weight

Apparatus.

Home-made

42

hung

upon

upon

the

the

third

pin

at

the

right.

pin

Five

weights

upon

third

pin

No.

inch

To

"

wide,

is fastened
inch

one

left

balance

small

wood

block

blocks

of

which

wood,

quarter-inch
upon

dowel-rod

the

Six

upon

the

upon

the

hole

to

long,

of
one

thick, figure 54,

and

quarter-inch

hole

inches

By
act

this

in

as

so

means
a

quarter-

There

passes.

bored,

dowel-rod.

is made

inches

Through

inch

is

Law

54.

long

cubic

Second

long

half

end, with

the

lengthwise.

each

inch

an

and

eight inches

dowel-rod

inch

the

it

through

eight

of

two

Fig.

made

the

Illustrating

stripof

at

square

weights

left

weight

one

weights

Two

three

three-eighths

and

balance

left

right.

right.

the

at

the

at

at

right,etc.

thin

pin

fifth
the

at

the

at

Apparatus

44.

Hotion.

the

at

pin

first

the

the

first

pin

fourth

pin

first

upon

the

upon

the

upon

the

upon

upon

pin

at

pin

second

the

sixth

the

weights

weight

one

weight

one

weight

one

weights

Four

weights

Three

right.

balance

left

right.

the

at

the

at

the

at

left balance

the

balance

upon

pin

first

the

pin

second

are

size, through
that

it

one

maybe

of rubber

spring-gun.

two

of
pended
sus-

bands
It

sets

Physical Apparatus.
both

blocks

free

same

time

the

at

exactly the

at

projects

of them

one

instant, but

same

Both

horizontally.

floor

the

reach

however,

blocks,

fall

to

43

the

exactly

at

same

instant.
No.

side

one

on

Gravity

their

the

Specific

of

Liquids
by
Force.

Buoyant

Fig.

wide-

8-ounce

is

shot,
floats

in the

results

have

By

pupils.

test-tube

the

the

that

is

56.

Fig.

convenient
No.

"

of

means

tubes,
two

glass T-tube

each

about

test-tubes.

to

one

The

By

to

for

clean, it proves

liquids
fact

the

of

reason

into

shot

less

serve

attacked

not

the

Show

Against

is bent
tubes

rubber

by high-school
or

more

accurate

and

by acids
be

to

very

apparatus.

Balanced

when

it very

obtained

it is made

easily kept
of

upright position,

With

putting

glass is

Apparatus

47.

Liquids

by

form

the

liquid.
been

containing

test-tube

keep

densities.

all

of

it

make

to

specificgravity

whose

found.

be

to

liquid

the

contains

bottle

mouthed

ss.

An

"

saw

of

Measured

when

flat cork

Apparatus

46.

Show

to

In

and

piece

Disk."

figure 55.

sheet-lead,
No.

gash

with

it

fill

Centre-of-Gravity

45.

foot

as

glass T-tube

ure.
Press-

Atmospheric
shown

in

it is connected

long.

of

Specific Gravity

These

is wired

figure 57, and

with

two

dip

down

securely

glass
into
to

Home-made

44

board

back

supported

Apparatus.

fastened

the

to

The

tubes.

be

tubes

may

These

contain

his

end

be

short

this

with

drawn

the

rubber
and

tube

the

The

air

height

the

cubing

Rubber

lubing

Test-tubes

over

this

by

which

means

of

is drawn

this

thumb
of

the

IS

cents

cents

cenis

cents

30

cenls

of

the

short

with

through

sugar

syrup

of

glass tube

bent

left

in
The

slender

is introduced

8-

an

other

By

open.

theend

long,

and

rubber

stopper

is

stopper

into

is tied

bag

piece

bottle.

adropper-tube,
out

mose.
Os-

glass tube, figure 58,

wide-mouthed

raeansof

thick

of

connected

passes

ounce

Uliistrate

to

gold-beater's -skin

end

tubing is

hole

Apparatus

the

is

57.

49.
"

with

is measured.

Glass

No.

and

mouth,

has

and

connects

Cesl."T-tabf!

Fig.

end

upper

tubing

pinched

while

liquid columns

pared.
com-

(each pupil

T-tube.

is

finger

be

mouth-piece)

with

out

test-

pleasure.

to

the

at

piece of rubber

short

the

at

liquids

glass

glass

glass tubes

that

so

changed

individual

own

the

the

of

the

is

scale

connections

mouth-piece

as

between

outward,

swung

serves

back

lower

base.

rubber-tube

the

permit
to

board

upon

of which

tube,
into

7
'
a

the

^"-

S8.

Physical Apparatus.
the

bag through
the

is then

larger tube
in

hang

the

bottle

to

rise in

to

the

cover

the

with

the

sealed

is

the

is put

syrup

into

The

small.

Cost,

the

skin

and

used

for

the

If

the

outside

of the

bag

and

into

water

and

become

be

noticed

or

sugar

No.

stopper

of
is

Ice

of

the

larger

holes
two
7 with
bottle from
apparatus

No.

apparatus

for

stopper

to

ammonium

desired

to

they

as

so

prevent

that

fall.

they

the

An

when

20

cents

40

cents

7.

Formation

8-ounce

flask

concentrated

in water.

chloride

like

No.

lUttstrating

with

neck

The

and

snowflakes.

They
flask

round

The

be

may

evaporation, and

1^^
^^^

when

seen

with

flask is closed

fall

rubber

the

fjg

eg.

tion
solu-

Whenever

it is

repeat the experiment the crystalsare

readily

be

may

very

13.

Snowstorm."

solution

magnifies them,
minute.

water

15 cents

cooling, crystals rapidly form

through

very

in

the

to

solution

Upon

grow

from

Apparatus

Crystal

filled

hot

tumbler

"

sugar

syrup.

bag

8-oz. wide-mouthed

51

is

scents

Rubber

No.

tube

glass tube

Tubing

SmaU

large.

burst.

the

to

the

very

and

is

the

over

of

shrink

no

liquid begins

end

it will

put

are

into

flows

long

to

is

there

poured

the

frequently

the

bottle

that

time

very

phenomenon

same

Gold-beater's

"

after

swell

bag,

berries

or

prunes

is

If

the

water

be

may

will

bag

inside

put

and

result.

same

up,

Immediately

chimney

argand-lamp

An

bag.

with

it is allowed

is

Then

tube

top, although the

connection

insure

to

bag.
tube

glass

time

The

again, and

made

for

the

leaking through
bottle

glass tube.

short

45

kept

any

length

of

time.

Home-made

46

again by passing

dissolved

the

through
Cost,

"

of

flame

No.

stopper

the

to niustrate

Heated*
cut

00.

heated, but

strips of

and

brass

cents

metal

when

(sheet iron)
fast
that

so

these

upon

to

the

strips

indicating

curve,

longer

grow

always

is

figure 60,

screwed

they

they

sion
Expan-

curves

more

when
than

other.

No. 54. Apparatus

Heat

by
eighth of
The

flask

has

filled with
the
neck

driven

held

now

inside

air

and

up

flame

the

the

of

of

two

of

size, the

smaller

the
If

rises

thermometer

and

becomes

is

ing
carry-

into the
is

water

the

flask

slowly

up

is

the

By using

flask of
more

foot.

and

stopper

and

onea

ounces

tube.

water

diameter

about

pushed firmly
out

quids
of Li-

glass tube,

less than

tube, showing expansion in its volume.

tube

Expansion

The

the rubber

is driven

little way
in

the

diameter

capacity

is inserted

the

Illustrate

length is not

Its

When

water.

tube
all

an

inch.

an

to

Thermometer."

"

has

figure 61,

25

wood

in

it is held

plays

strip*of brass

cents

of

tin

are

When

^Yiox

the

piece

and

of
Fio.

10

Hetals

represented

flame

cents

Unequal

"

as

it.

15

holes

5 without

forth

Bunsen-bumer.

or

of Different

the

and

back

flask

alcohol-lamp

an

Apparatus

53"

the

flask

8-oz.

Rubber

No.

Apparatus.

larger

F^""

^^"

sensitive,i"e.,its

Home-made

48

6^.

lighted

burning

paper

there

is found

to

The

be

chimney

brought

the

under

smoke

chimney

of

top

downward

strong

along

the

to

When

a.

in

current

box-cover

and

it.
up

a.

Cost.

Argand

"

No.

Apparatus

placed

is

is carried

smoke

chimney

is under

candle

from

Apparatus.

over

lamp-chimneys

57 consists

of

lamp-chimney

common

lighted candle, figure 64.

cents.

20

strip of

tin

or

crT3

Fig.

cardboard

divides

When

candle

the

of

current

one

side

of

the

the

is

the

partition and

two

64.

compartments.

represented

in the

by paper-smoke,

passes

arranged

as

up

suspended

top of the

into

chimney

air,as indicated

is sometimes
across

Fig.

63.

chimney.

other.

the

from

wire

The
which

figure,
down

tin partition
extends

physical Apparatus.
No.

58. Apparatus

of Heat.

Conductors

Poor

with

test-tube

thimbleful

of ether

the

and

of

water

upper

end

in

upper

the

the

of

part

against

end

may

be

much

as

air 'in the

in

melted

the

to

is well

shut

lower

off

end

No.

been

not

the

water
case

the

heated

so

piece

radiation

the

end

upper

be

may

affecting the

mometer
ther-

of cardboard

so

heat

of

from

^^^-

the

^5"

as

flame

to

the

tube.

of thermometer

59.

|"X

part.

hold

to

the

without

lower

of the

Cost

has

tube

flame

in the
It

tube

in

water

top

either

In

the

that

the

flame,

it.
the

upon

Are

single degree.

With

in

boiled.

indicates
the

of

by holding

fire ; or,

on

tube

of

consists

poured

the

thermometer

lower

be

may
set

This

"

Air

and

Water

thermometer

small

that

Show

to

49

Funnel

cents.

10

for

small

Filtration.

Hot

glass funnel, by

inside

"

of

of

short

fit watertight

to
"

marbleized

of

stem

means

tubing, is made

of rubber

piece

The

"

iron

funnel,

figure 66.
Hot

the

two

water

put in

is

funnels,

against the
Fig.

to

66.

647^/." -Glass
Iron

keep

the

funnel, 2i
funnel

water

inches

and

side

the

small

between

space

of the

flame
outer

hot.

in diameter.
...

12

cents

25

cents

37

cents

is directed
funnel

Home-made

so

No.

6o. niustration

of Bunsen-Burner.

of small
rubber

67.

Over

the

of

in

flow

to

and

tube

inches

^'

The

short

piece

Over

the

The

an

the

end

of

tubes

piece

ends

of

of

open

normally,

closed

by bringing

cardboard, which

of

that

so

fits

an

Argand

or

is

Blastlamp,
bent

are

of these

piece

five inches

Blowpipe,

etc.

at
a

is held.

the

but

open,

of

long and

diameter,

by bringing

two

lamp-

tube.

outer

together by

cardboard, which

the

five

or

diameter,

it down

lower
upon
Fig.

glass

tubing, figure 68.

inside

inch

upper

small

5 cents.

bound

end

upper

is closed

one

for

rubber

of

glass tubing, four

half

used

glass
and

right angles

ditions,
con-

ment.
experi-

four

glass tubing

small

Two

"

made

be

may

Illustration

61.

No.

be

of

Cost

piece

the

inside

are

be

may

glass tube.

small

may

end

upon

adjustment

chimney

inch

an

by

about

of its ends

lower

the

several

of this

the

streams,

upon

end

half

Both

it down

the

upon

and

long

is held.

^^'

minute

upper

of

which

permit

to

determined

be

end

glass tube

made

are

large glass tube,

this

depends

the

the

pasted, through

must

Over

into

piece

laboratory,figure

of

several

of which

number

but

is

pin-pricks

of

of the

end

upper

paper

number
gas

gas-tubing

short

"

is thrust

glass tubing

the

piece

Apparatus,

small

fits

tubes.

over

the

One

of

the

small

68.

tubes

Physical Apparatus.
be

may
the

with

connected

laboratory, the

with

other

No.

"Fish-tail"

62.

right angles

to

is connected
and

the

gas-tip
drawn

has

it

the

end

ordinary
of

means

the

of

is

glass tube,
inside

is thrust

tube

glass

at

end

tubing, which

of rubber

planes

gas-pipe,

an

by

is bent

tube

lie in two

to

as

One

rubber

the

glass

"

so

another.

to

the

then

places

end

attached

Burner.

two

one

other

over

and

in

with

piece

short

8 cents.

"

right angles

at

gas-tubes in

air-bellows.

the

Cost

rubber

the

of

one

51

brass

the

of

pillar.
It is very
G?si.

"

convenient
Brass

for

bending glass tubing.

pillar
tip

Lava

""."".....

Tubing

cents

cents

3 cents

7 cents

Ho.

63.

Tumbler

light carbon,

half

long, is broken

in

Battery.

in diameter

inch

an

One

two.

for

ffi j\

of

three-quarters

of

is bored

end

hole

Fio.

7a

ordinary Leclanch6

rod,

the

and

wire

such

cell,is bound

of

clean

is fastened

lead

or

to

the

deep

the

other

end

of

in

around

solder.
is

as

hole

inch

an

pouring

by

melted

is laid aside

battery.

in the

inches

twelve

pieces

these

copper

^'^^^^^^^^^r

by

another

piece

'

large-sized electric-

"

used

in

carbon

rod

this
it
zinc
the

by

Home-made

53

rubber

two

in

coming
bands

pontact

of

one

(preferably

of

by volume
and

this

and

carbon

laid

upon

This

"

end

of

are

lifted

plate.

single

cell

very

many

out

will

hose.

bichromate,
seven

which

of the

is

is

two

upon
in

not

sufficient

the

use

off, and

electricity

cenls

Carbon

cents

from

65.

by

apparalus
3 ft

attaching

Plange-Battery,

uniting
the

zincs

to

experiments.

No.

I2.

AnnuDciator-nire,

made

zinc

Zinc

Tumbler

No.

water),

ordinary

an

solution, rinsed

furnish

used

ounces

of

ounces

sets

cell

These

solutions

battery

sodium

the

bands.

rubber

stout

from

prevented

rubber

two

of

tumbler

When

plate.

by

acid, and

sulphuric
in

time

same

ordinary

the

perform
Cost.

the

ounce

is held

porcelain

it

the

one

the

at

with

from

cut

are

Any

and

bands,

Apparatus.

from

three

and

carbons

3 cents

The

"

to
to

plunge-battery

six
a

of

these

ceils

strip of wood,

so

is

and

that

Physical Apparatus.
all

raised

be

can

and

lowered

53

conveniently,

together

figure 71.
Three
do

the

all

will

cells

decompose
batteries

of such

work

will

rapidly, and

water

in

cost

as

the

market

$25.00.
(about)

Cost

No.

66.

thread

inch

thick.

is

The
to

is used

glue

slipping off

from

ends

One

screws.

spring.

these

of

inch

one

the

is

second
""Ill

"

"

"

"

hammer.

73.

three

figure

72,

while

board

is fastened
One

wire

the

small
of

plane

back
to

from

of
the

that

so

paper,

in the
the

the

flattened

the
lower

first and

with

out

the
board

the

apparatus.
with

battery

tin

glue

of

The
and

is attached

it is

in the

is

and

the

originalthickness,

edge

of

paper

of

right angles

the

square

the

its

at

only

portion

upper

times

outward

ijgj^t

jg

of the

plane

The

"

"

strip,now
Fig.

along

line and

inches

The

73.

own

"

the
o

figure

upward

is its

two-thirds

about

a,

72.

one-half

and

cut

at

dotted

^^^*

and

armature

as

folded

tact
con-

(sheet iron

layers.

wire

is in

tin

made

five

24,

attached

is three

wide.

in

No.

an

bundle.

the

screws

tin

wire,

copper

is

of

one-quarter

the

are

acts

strip is

strip

the

of

edge

of

wire

copper

strip of

across

way

ends

wire

tied with

and

bundle

prevent

tin),which

The

and

long

about

this

stripof ordinary

with

coated

to

the

the

of

with

inches

Single-cotton-covered
around

iron

Small

three

bundle

small

carefully wound

Liquid

about

of

lengths
into

fine

Sounder."

Telegraph

into

clipped

cents

75

to

to
seen

corner

be

the
in
mains
re-

tacked

to

electro-magnet
with
to

wire
one

loops.
of

the

Apparatus.

Home-made

54

and

screws,

the

toucliing
the

current

and

when

against

and

tin is drawn

the

current

other

to

ceases

the

end

of

the

tin flies

the

pass,

into

When

screw.

against

is driven

which

by repeatedly

broken
the

to

the

nail

is made

battery-wire

other
passes,

bundle;
back

circuit

the

back-board.

the

Coil

No.

68.

Electric

for

Apparatus

Current."

in

is

figure 74.
with

stopper
neck.

the

inum

inches

two

the
74.

"O.

pieces

tubes
Over

of

the ends

of the

inverted

are

clamps,
wires

and

joined

battery-wires
is in
block
wires

it

that
when

in

4-m.

is

apparatus

plaLinum

2
a

test-tubes

Rubt"er

two

when

the

the

and

break

stopper

24),

of
The

two

glass

stopper.

wire

which

the

apparatus
^"'-

in the
the

is washed,
boitle

wire, No.

24

apparatus
No,
7 from

No.

cents

40

cents

24

cents

70

cents

48.

iipparatni

'5-

connecting

binding-screws
from

to

copper

firmly fastened
out

about

ends

by

The

with

plat-

(No.

rubber

in

test-tubes

place

figure.

so

drop

cannot

wood

in

connected

wide-mouthed

OmC."8.oz.

wires

of

connected

wire

in the

of

fits

each

figure 75.

see

binding-screws,

bottle

the

the

into

holes

held

are

to

are

The

use.

the

platinum

shown

not

are

glass tubing,
through

and

of copper

fused

j".g

thrust

are

ends

24),

neck

rubber

pieces

(No.

is

block

holes

two

long,

the

No.

Two

wire

and

into

fitted

an

bottle

(page 9),

two

wood,

by

wide-mouthed

portion

Liquids

Decomposing

8-ounce

An

cut

short

cents

lo

Mo- 49.

Home-made

56
thin

of

sheet-brass.

fastened

that

so

brass

their

ends

the

inner

as

is

disk
in

runs

metallic

through

passes

figure,arched

battery

the

the

wire

which

wire

passes

around

the

passing
These

piece

the

two

the

ring

portions

are

both

other

half

this

ends

left

along

jff and

thence

to

Annunciator

to

and

E^

to

the

the
face
sur-

current

of

of the

the

current

other

ring
the
second

quarter
the

to

right.

triangular

from

where

strip of

brass

battery.
30

board, figure 77.

""

io

one

disk

made

jB.

copper

the

of

the

the

battery by

of

the

Electric

and

in the

the

and

the

unite

current

the

passing half-way

and

inner

the

of

along

half

quarter

one

the

pass

the

to

Here

to

disk

fastened

the

binding-post

returns

opposite side

electro-magnets, C, D,
53,

with

binding-post

Cost

70.

in

carbon

ring (from

The

of the

the

on

binding-post

No.

end

upper

at

the

to

revolving

around

they separated, and

to

",

quarters,

inner

of brass

the

binding-post

outer

brass.

of

half-way

two

of which

half of it follows

and

stripfrom

brass

into

of

ing
revolv-

represented

joined

base), and

board

triangularpieces
divides

end

fastened

connected

divides

underneath

the

follows

is

with

be

binding-post

of

way

lower

base, while

and

rings

curved

are

axis of the

The

brass, not

which

encircles

of the

of

and

are

triangularpieces

nail, the

connected

current

wire

B^

the

in the

strip

and

upon

wire

battery-wire to

other
At

revolves.

spring-brass

of

base.

be

to

disk

over

the

Suppose

rub

socket
a

board

the

upon

only

small

strips

Two

binding-posts

the

to

Apparatus.

Bell.
as

"

cents.

Three

described

small
on

page

Strips of tin,bent

as

Physical Apparatus.
described
the

on

end

of each

tin

stripsof
slim

53,

page

pivoted

are

The

magnet.

rests

another

upon

pivoted

triangle,and

Fig.

The

broad

end

of tin is bent

the

It is

strips first
the

outward

board.

that

of each

mentioned

when

of the

weight

position,but

fallen

the

to

It will

be

supposing

raise it

the

binding-screws
between

the

will fall and

figure;

and

two

or,

and

screws

if

we

long,

the

the

from

each

board.

plane

of

three

the

of

is such

triangularstriphas

the

its

of

weight

the

panion
com-

again.
the

by referring to
wires

at

the
the

if

with

No.

F
i,

connection

and
as

with

pass
the

metal

senting
repre-

around
lower

represented
at

the

connection

stripof

figure and

contact

make

we

will

current

bell

in

are

By that

toward

make

it will hold

with

contact

position

through

point

of

arrangement

once

battery

push-button,

magnet

when

readily seen

that

of these

triangular-shaped pieces

strip in

horizontal

will not

near

triangularstripsis pointing upward

other

it in that

to

The

rests.

of the

one

its base

projection that

this

each

of

shape

right angles

at

on

end

one

77.

these

of

board,

in the

cut
near

the

to

free

57

/*',the

the

pointer
in

the

current

Home-^made

58
will pass

around

and

then

the

No.

pass

around

then

the

No.

the

magnet

tacked
two

circuit,are

the

No.

Fig.

78.

72,

Primary

wire

is tied

and

half

tube,
inch

four

into

inch

an

inches

in inside

and

diameter, is

wound

layers of

18.
to

The
be

This

coil,which

coil, is designated by
paper

this

cotton-covered
is

wrapped

is called
B

in

made

is wound

ten

copper

around

of

the

stout

wire.
coil

No.

the

the

box,
the

circuit.

inches

iron

long

A
an

No.

and

are

tery.
bat-

primary
other
An-

79.
cover

paper,

layers

is in

is raised

wire.

the

to

ing
com-

several

of the

figure

tube, large enough

primary coil, is
around

wires

directly

other

to

of

this is

project above,
the

ends

bell, which

one-half

Around

annunciator

with

connected

of

made

paper.

ends

two

and

five-eighthsof

long and

of stout

four

four

window.

Coils."Small

thick, A, figure 79.

thicknesses

the

cover

Secondary

bundle

sliding

coming

and

the

3.

^, figure 78, is

strip completes

metal

with

attached

when

that

so

No.

The

electric

an

will

Fy and

toward

cover.

battery

from

bell

",

wires, one

the

from

the

upon

copper

the

represent

strip of metal,

7^,

toward

current

point

to

bell

point

crayon-box

is taken

the

the

through

"

cover

"

and

and

P'y

at

will fall and

Burglar-Alarm

71.

through

fall

connection

pointer

upper

will

pointer

make

we

and

magnet

middle

if

; or,

the

Apparatus.

of
30.

between

the

and

singlePaper
each

^^"-

layer.

79-

This

physical Apparatus.
coil, which
the

is called

letter

and

the

in the

of

binding-posts

to

The

63)

primary

induces

intensity

which

in

current

the

the

into

single

in

end

are

fastened

wooden

button

space

them

is wound

is mounted

telephone-magnet

"

between
full of

wire, No.
inches

"pvip

^"'

mouthpiece

The

36.

and

square,

slides

intoits

tintype

is made
and

two

into

position in grooves.

Electroscope

loop

at

at

No.

the

end

upper

end,

lower

half

form

pound

layer
smaller

of

of

uniform
sized

8-ounce

which

76. Electrophorus

with

and

the

An

"

through

stopper,
a

inches

half

50cems,

75.

rubber

wood

from

Cait

Ho.

sufficient

shocks.

single-cotlon-covered

square

of

and

apart,

the

three

coil

secondary

half

about

inch

(No.

tumbler-cell

of

which

copper

base.

figure 80,

one

moulds

base,

fastened

are

the

by

40tenis.

upon

an

from

current

board

wire

copper

screwed

are

Telephone.

73.

two

small

to

Wire

shown

as

the

give vigorous

to

GwA"

No.

coil, is designated

secondary

figure. It is fastened

ends

two

the

59

"

passes
and

serves

glass
a

copper

having

two

well

an

for

flask

with

wire

curved

sue-paper
strips of tis-

electroscope.

large-sized jelly-cake

sealing-wax
thickness

jelly-cake

melted
is the
tin

in

it

so

as

tin
to

electrophorus,

suspended

by

silk

(So

Home-made

threads
No.

Jar,

to

serves

77.

Coil,

No.

jeliy-cake tins
i lb. sealing-wax

Leyden

and

coats

more

than

in

loop

tumbler

No.

jar when

which

inay

be

beaker

is

used

and

brass

chain

with
with

charged

the

terminates

contact

shock

is

the
about
nishes
fur-

electrophorus

glass is

lower

end

one

14,

of

hole

page

17.

this rod.

that

The

cenls

Air

Sound

of the

stopper

small

bell

Some

oi

"

the

of

of

insulator.

Illtistrate

to Transmit

large

instead

22

to

Necessary

No.

better

felt, by

(lo-oz.)

passed through

Franklin

Apparatus

apparatus

glass rod

receiver,

is attached

air is exhausted

to

with

the

illuminating

gas,

air-pump.

The

bottle

hydrogen,

in

good

no

side.

beaker,

cork,

from

its

Beaker

79.

Medium

of

the

small

extend
the

up

sparks

hands.

because
Cur."

Nos.

This

way

both

mucilage.

and

the

and

by

on

of

through

coated

81.

joining

sound

the

insures

coat.

stuck

mouth

above

is

bottom

two-thirds

running

the

the

fills the

twenty

beaker

tin-foil

cover

wire,
a

tall

A.

with

The

ceots

10

Jar."

outside

inner

is

Leyden

6 cenls

below, which

class

it to the

from

flat cork

Fio.

charge

the

convey

"

77.

inside

Apparatus.

or

is sometimes
ether

vapor,

filled with
and

their

to

power

transmit

noted.
So

Light

to

91."

Described

"

Apparatus

to

Illustrate

fully in the author's

"

the

Subject

First

Course

Science."
Q)sl

of

apparatus

Ir.jo.

6i

Apparatus.
Physiological

IV.

Part
No.

Apparatus

92.

Muscles.

nine

and

wide,

about

and

inches

four

inch

are

pivoted together by stripsof

represent

to

the

elastic

the

calf

of

finger
what

required

is

be

used

to

show

bands

so

do

straight line, we

The

with

moving

action

attaching

of

piece

to

the

hold
may

are

pieces

joints.

the

biceps
wood,

be

to

to

this

apparatus.
the

side

arranged

in

tension

the

of wood
the

which

muscle

82.

powerful.

so

opposite

how

muscles

the

of

the

show

all the

Fig.

and

hinge-joint in

adjusting

By

as

*'

suggested by

muscles

the

how

This

need

any

is attached

rigid by contracting
to

is

other.

each

elastic

lever

represent

to

band

rubber

joint

in

the

principleof

slight

of Achilles

leg

the

elastic

finger.

the

in

notice

we

the

of

calf

in the

d,

part of the

tendon

the

with

overcome

by

"

the

why

muscle

It may

to

pressure

suggests

The

the

pull on

strong

of

used

are

end

lower

press

end

upper

bands

muscle

let the

we

thick,

leg, and

the

table, and

the
the

downward

the

If

inch

an

of

opposite sides, so

on

Elastic

and

foot

represents

leg.

upon

upon

band

band

of the

rest

the

Action

long, respectively,

figure 82,

In

represents

apparatus

muscles.

represent

to

tin

hinge-joint.

half

of wood

one

as

the

Illustrate

to

pieces

Two

"

Apparatus.

Physiological

is

represent

body.
this

of

pairs opposing
of

these

quite firmly
body
have

is made

anything

illustrated
the

by

shoulder,

Home-made

62

below

is attached

biceps muscle,

by which

band

rubber

The

figure 83.

Apparatus.

other

rubber

bands,
that

pieces

the

on

the

straight.

If

which

the
in

the

at

the
Fig.

the

and

83.

biceps

at

the

the
The

elbow-joint,

is

in

shoulder, is unhooked,

is raised

arm

apparatus

is

and

bent

used, then,

whole

the

over

illustrate

to

hooked,
unas

place again

and

the

this

If

opposition

both

If

in

the

^,

is raised

figure 83.

works

straight.

band
to

is hooked

remains

raised, but

down

opposition

rubber

e, which

dy which

rubber

in

band

hooked

are

hang

forearm

are

^,

and

represented

band

rubber

all

arm,

works

biceps

when

Two

and

of wood

represent

and

elbow-joint

shoulder-joint.

adjusted

so

the

the

above

the

represents

to

the

is

arm
are

hooked
un-

shoulder.
the

following

points:

six
1.

muscles

How

in

work

opposition

to

rigid by

the

each

other

over

joints.
2.

How

joint

is made

contraction

of

muscles.
3.

How

we

rise

4.

How

we

bend

5. How

we

raise the

How

we

bend

6.

No.

93.

84.

The

the

sticks

are

to

toe.

forearm.
arm

the

Apparatus
Muscles

slender

the

on

arm

to

extended.

when

the

over

Show

Enlarge

pinned together

cross-pieces represent

Action

the
the

shoulder.

of

the

Chest-Cavity."
as

ribs.

represented
Rubber

in

tercosta
InFive

figure

bands,

cd

Home-made

64

tied

the

over

rubber

bottom

add

to

with

stopper

hole

fits the

short

balloon

is

inclosed

inflate,as

and
This

We

show;
and
and

with

may

down

as

; but

chimney

for

this

to

in

space

piston,
reduced,

and
so

the
the
that

the

introduce

it

no

and

in

the

rubber

B.
will

per,
stop-

cloth

atmospheric

up

ure,
press-

spheres
hemi-

Magdeburg

inside

the

bag

the

relation
as

pressure,

the

of

of

mospheric
at-

trated
illus-

was

the

of

of
the

longer

the

of

pump

air in
balances

as

chimney

we

by pulling
the

chimney
the

pump.

apparatus

in the

space

cloth, just

rubber

of the

study

modification

enlarge

cylinder
tension

lapse
col-

35.

the

We

by pulling upward
the

atmospheric

No.

used

purpose.

are

to

illustrates

S6

is

great

will

following

hole

the

move

slightly,showing

in apparatus

Figure

how

the

this

moves

be

to

the

as

doing

tension

It may

figures 85

by

we

bag which

lungs

uses,

it

drawing

or

the

in

the

upward

represents

it is illustrated

while

ney
lamp-chim-

the

the

try

appreciate

we

space

when

finger close

we

enlarge the

downward,

many
a

when

then,

somewhat

the

has

apparatus

may

cloth

represented

to

We

pushing

rubber

rubber

lungs.

within

by

of

instead)

used

and

contract

end

gold-beater's-

the

represent

tubing

lower

(sometimes

bag

chimney,

glass

the

is tied

skin

"

of

upon

which

the

of

top

piece

passes,

diaphragm.

the

represent
hole

one

the

through

Apparatus.

enlarge
up
is

the
now

atmospheric

Physiological
Apparatus.
Atmospheric

pressure.
the

up

tube

closed

the

at

and

the

reverse

large

end

and

we

have

No.
No.

tus

in

weights,

illustrate

To

into

the

either
and

from

stopper,

and

hole

same

pull down

lungs.

the

glass

tube

is
8

glass

rubber

which

mn

shown

with

other

glass tubing,

of

^'

"**

long

goes

on

the
leads

out

out

which

is

in

place, as

and

is
from

the

gases

shown

the

shown

the

.then

We

in the

is

in the

into

down

air into the

draw

lungs,

bag

hole

tubing.

of

from

animal

an

the

the

is thrust

piece

one's

carries

lungs

chimney,

the

through

up

tube

as

passes

which

back

between

bag,

the

into

which

short

cloth

through

directly from

or

tube

short

the

in

_][

appara-

as

passed

lungs, is put

meet

those

ratus
appa-

dioxide

only half-way

Osmose

and

for

diffuses

carbon

No.

another
to

air,

lamp-

and

33

used

piece

dioxide

The

extend

to

This

gold-beater's-skin bag,

figure 85.

made

how

like the

membrane

cloth

connecting

oxygen

apparatus
the

then

how

carbon

blood,

rubber

stopper.

and

blood,

of the

book,

short

inside

chimney

the

then

top,

the

No.

by

the

that

so

29.

frequently
laying

with

through

passes

is

the

tube

rubber

No.

in apparatus

and

upon

the

nearly-

apparatus

by compressed

apparatus

It

86

water

caused

by holding

37"

figure

the

under

34.

into

dip

is

tube

tus
appara-

this

stopper,

push upward

is used

chimney

in the

fountain,

under

invert

we

tube

may

described

as

now,

it may

of

chimney,

in

If,

29.

water

fountain, caused

the

described

as

pressure,

have

we

the

forces

If this

chimney.

end

upper

atmospheric
No.

into the

and

then

pressure

65

pseudo
ney
chim-

by making

chimney dip

the

into

Home-made

66

lime-water, pushing

Rubber

No.

stopper

7 with

No.

49.

bag

from

from

apparatus
Gold-beater's-skin

the

Apparatus

95.

Blood
about

87, ay
heart.

rubber
rubber

tubing,

tubes
a

and

the

laries
capilthe

piece

short

of

The

duct.

syringe by

the

other
an-

of

means

glass Y-tube.
is used

Water

time

Every

into

water
a

figure

thoracic

the

with

connected

are

rattan,

artery, and

an

vein.

represents

^,

of

syringe, "/,represents

represents

c,

of

represent

tube, d, represents

tube,

49.

Circulation

the

to

33.

plugged)

hole

No.

piece

used

body.

(one

apparatus

"

long is

human

rubber

Lymph.

No.

apparatus

hole

one

Illustrate

to

foot

one

the

of

the

and

from

cloth

rubber

and

Lamp-chimney

"

No.

this

making

and

diaphragm

the

up

exhale.

chimney
Cost,

Apparatus.

pulse

thumb

spurts
how

to

the

the

syringe-bulb
rubber

be

may
and

finger.

from

it every

offer considerable
the

cause

of

walls

to

up

between
(capillaries)
of the

syringe-bulb),and

without

pulse, through
a

vein, and

dripping.
out

through

the

hence
the

walls

the

liquid
of the

artery,

the

flow

of

the

of

flow

the

is

there

rattan,

tube
of

rattan

elastic
the

tan
rat-

(compressions
flow

constant

c, which

liquid is by
the

as

water

liquid,and

through

heart-beats

under

the

pressed, illustrating

distended, the

flow

more

between

pores

rubber

if it is cut, the
Some

The

continual
the

lymph.

an

in this tube
is

somewhat

get

keep

to

tube

the

bulb

the

artery.

an

represents

is made

cut

resistance

artery

which

time

from

bleed

we

by pressing
If

the

compressed, forcing

^, which

tube

felt

is

and

blood

the

represent

pressure

it does

sents
reprea

stant
conoozes

through

the

PhysiologicalApparatus^
capillariesin

blood
and

carries

pressure,

equal

Various

kinds

described
made

the

Fio.

in

cut

one

plugged
of

the

long.
forced
cannot

side of

with

into
pass

penholder,
makes

the
in

tube

through

One
a

will

No.

of

One

about

over

tapering

short

of

the

find exit

rubber

or

even

of

one-quarter

Liquids

through

the

its sides shut

of the Y-tube
o

is

figure 87

tubing, about

end

glass rod,

the slit since

end

in

of rubber

perfect valve.

very

through

perfectly tight.
passes

liquid

slit is

87.

tubing.

piece

short

wooden

This

the

of

rattan.

isharpknife

inward

an

in the apparatus

is drawn

long,
with

and

penholder,

wooden

the

used

be

piece

inches

of

the

near

amount

represented

one

short

one-half

and

one

but

above,

rather

an

walls

syringes may

of

follows

as

the

through

vein

the

but

circulation

lymph,

represents

enters

outward

no

into

lost

that

to

is

there

when

heart,

e, which

tube

branch

the

This

body.

the

67

in the

stopper,

and

is

tube
an

end

an

inch

or

gases

slit,but
together
apparatus
one

of

1
Home-made

68

valves

these

is then

drawn

of
tubing,five-eighths

inches

one-half

and

end

other

of the

o,

The

side branch

inch

an

T-tube

this

is another

enters

of

rubber
of

T-tube.

syringe-bulband

through
with

much

it passes

end

short

The

the artery.
is

pressure

to

be

it.

over

other

fills the

stopper
and

is drawn

valves

exerted

of

No.

this

convenient

rubber

tube

glass tubing

stoppers

in

made
14.

one

side

of it

artery is

The

cut

by
and

rubber

long

into

put

to

the
small

small

hole

on

page

inserted.

The

cover

or

rubber
uncover

the hole.

Cost.

"

Rattan

Rubber
4 rubber

tubes

b and

stoppers,

c, four

No.

feet and

two

feet.
.

5 cents
60 cents
12

T-tube

cents

15 cents

Y-tube
Rubber

bulb

Rubber

tubing for

15 cents
30 cents
valves
"

piece of

by slidingthe
as

is

in connection

has

this glass tube

stop-cock is opened and closed

the glass tubing so
tubing upon

This

bulb.

described

the method

necting
con-

tied in when

are

the

upon

inches

three

another

piece of glass tubing

stop-cock is sometimes
representing the artery. A
about

stopper

large glass tube,

powerful condenser, and is frequentlyused

with such pieces of apparatus as No. 29.
A

the

stopper,

remaining end passes through another rubber

into another
piece of the large glasstubing, and
the

three
In

the

of

glass

and

valve.

end

one

passes

of the

piece

inside diameter

incloses

long,

which

it.

over

glasstubing

through

No.

Apparatus.

3 cents

$1.40

Apparatus.
Physiological
No.

96. Apparatus

and

the

The

rubber

piece

Circulation

the

Assists

of

Flow

of

in this

Veins

the

Lymphatics.
a

to

which

syringe-pump

of the

in

the

represented

is used

apparatus

Action

Muscular

Blood
in

Lymph

which

how
the

of

the

tube

chambers

Show

to

69

in the

vein

last

the

connect

contain

the

"

two

valves.

^
o

iilKfK\\^f^^ii^f^9iKiiiWh\\\W:9\\K^W^ik

Fig.

figure 88.
the

at

piece

short

rubber
dips

apparatus
Water

tubing

into
be

may

hands

each

time

the

among

the

when

No.

veins

muscles,

Air

in

of

bottle

filingacross

the

this

the

top of

bottle

water

spurts

and

the

is put

Interior

ten

which

the

relax

of the

tube

fifteen

or

If

^.

feet

the
is tied

and

how
Ear

small

intertwined

are

released

in exercise.

Pressure.

very

where

bottle
in

rubber

Illustrate

to

edge

by

apparatus

alternatelypinched

are

has

the

of

compressed.

Atmospheric

wide-mouth

the

through

contract

the

short

containing water.

lymphatics,

and

Apparatus

Changes

Over

is

muscles

97.

of the

tube

the

the

Thus

used,

closed

extremity

releasing the

and

A, and

stopper
other

the

at

pumped

are

in

tumbler

alternately pinching
both

glass tubing, nearly

of

end, is inserted

outer

of

piece

S8.

hole

bottom
rubber

the
is

Tension

Adjusted
A

"

i-ounce

in it by

made
and

side

cloth.

receiver, apparatus

to

meet.

When
No.

24,

Home-made

70

and
is

air,

the
unaffected

the

by

and

ear,

air

the

as

rubber

the

but

with

in

The

exhausted

stopped
and

is

cloth
the

eustachian

Apparatus.

the

where

little
in

wax,

represents
small

the

receiver

the

hole

in

hole

the
illustrates

the

small

rarefied

what

moves

membrane
is

accomplished

tube.

Qfst
"

is

out

condensed.

or

tympanic

cloth
bottle

cloth

rubber
is

rubber

the

condensed,

or

cents

of

Home-made

72

4
2

eight-ounce (W. T. "

thirty-two-ounce (E.

Apparatus.

style).
A. style).
bottles,round, narrow-mouthed
(5675):

Glass
I

one-ounce.

eight-ounce.

Co*

"

5 sixteen-ounce.

tumblers, larg^.
tumbler, small.

lamp-chimney,

lamp-chimneys, argand,

common.

small

sized.

flask,2 oz. (6342).

flask,8 oz. (6342).
small
glass dish.

I
I
I

6-inch

wire

of

square

rubber

ounce

lb. of mercury.

gauze,

40

I
I

small

glass funnel, 2j-inch (6388).

iron

brass

4 zinc
2

to

inch

(8442).

(8008).

cloth

beaker, ten-ounce
(5561).
T-tubes, ^ inch (83s8"?).
Y-tube, \ inch (8358^).
goldbeater's skin bag.

1
2

meshes

thermometer.

funnel.

pillarand
rods

gas-tip.
battery cell.

lava

for Leclanch6

carbons.
electric-light

wire.
yards annunciator
wire, single cotton-coated.
^
\
wire, single cotton-coated.
\ lb. copper wire, single cotton-coated.
Small
spool of iron wire, No. 16.
6

lb. copper
lb. copper

inches

of

platinum wire. No.

telephone magnet,
binding posts, wood

ft. of rattan,

about
jelly-caketins,

tin basin, about

.1

\ inch

No.

24.

No.

30.

No.

36.

24.

round.
screw.

in diameter.

eight and

six inches

riirieinches

in diameter.

in diameter.

fiE"TD

52

L.

E.

KELLOQG

ALL

ORDERS

TO

NEW

CO..

""

YORK

CRICAQO.

"

.III

"

IVoodbull's

Simple Experimentsfor

School-Room.
Natural

in the

Science
York

New

Prof.

By

College
of

author

City,

by mail,
This

book

of

Training of Teacheri,
of Home-Made
ratus."
Appa-

the

Manual

*'

Prof,

teachers, 40

to

cents;

extra.

contains

series

of

simple, easily-made experiments,

of every-day phecomprehension
nomena.
the
lessons
the
in
author
They are really
given by
very
in
School
Primary and Grammar
Depcu*tments of the Model
for
the
of
York
^ew
Teachers,
College
City.
Training

the
the

The

kitchen.

as

to

train

child's

the

experiments consists, for

experiments

hook

in

connected
of

catechism.

science

habits

of

the

the

in

hand

at

so

are

exhibition

is not

mind

find

will

teacher

continuous

This

eombuitdon.

the

every

The

form

the

for

things as

or

order

aid

needed

apparatus

part, of such

will

which

perform

to

for

Price, 50 cents;

Cloth, 16mo.
5 cents

Woodhuli^

F.

John

the

most

room
school-

in

logical
of
phenomena
Its

aim

is to

reasoning by experimentid

methods.
These

experiments

country,

and

thus

The

present

should

bring

in

made

be

scientific

method

in every
school
of our
method
of dealing with

of

minds
children's
with
cramming
isolated facts of which
they can have no adequate comprehension
is a ruinous
and
book
This
the
unprofitable one.
points out
method
employed
by the hesi teofhersin ilie best scJiools,
nature.

IT

WHAT
with

I. Experiments
n.

in.
rv.

**

"

"

"

Kindling

In

all

Paper.

VI.

Wood,
Candle.

""

"

V.

CONTAINS.

Kerosene.

Agent

an

in Combustion.

of

Complete

VIII.

Currents

of

Air, etc."

IX.
X.

91

are

a8

Products

Temperature.
there

Air

VII.

Oxygen

of

Chemical

the

**

Ventila-

Air.

[tion.

Changes.

cxperinients described,

illustrated

by 85

engravings.
of Kans.,
I desire
Jas. E. Canfleld, Univ.
Lawrence,
to say
most
says:""
method
the
that
in all school
emphatically
ptirsued is the only true
one
work.
Its spirit is admirable.
Wd
and
have
far more
need
must
of this
"

instruction

J. C. Packard) Univ.
the simplest
forms
a
blessing, since
was
pai-atus" inexpeiisive
to

Henry

R.

of
of

Towa,

lovsra

illustra'ive

bo

and

much

could

It is

be

For

I learned

accomplished

many
that

by

years
the

shut

up

iiecesFJty

home-made

up-

effective."

BuseelJ, Vv^.o.roury,

little book.

City, says:""
api"arRtu"*,

just the

N.

J., Supt.

kind

of

book

of

the
we

Friends

School:"

'*

mirable
Ad-

need."

"
Ct."
Contains
B. T. Dntton, Supt. Schocils, Kew
ITavcn,
in sdm
need
tir-:; ratnial
science
to common
help teachers

just

the

BOhoolB."

kind

ot

The Best EducationalPeriodicals.

The

School

is

Journal

pubUshed weekly

It is

tire
oldest, best

known

The
S.
teachers*
the

weekly
surely advance

U.

brain

the work

in the

"

work

"

the ablest

The

beet

of

School

publishedmonthly

It is the ideal paper

from

to June

September

$1.00

at

primary teachers, being devoted

for

exclusivelyto originalprimary methods

entirelynew. features this year of great

The

of education.

nor

Primary
is

conception

The
in the world.

journals

The

professionalteaching is found in it
pieces scissored out of other
essays,
School
specialwriters"
Journal has its own

on

theoretical

not

and
is in its 33rd year.
year
circulated
educational
widest
and
with
ideas
that will
filled
is
Journal

$2.50

at

Teachers'

devices.

and

year.
almost

Several

value.

Institute
It is edited

publishedmonthly, at $1.00 a year.

standpoint as
spiritand from the same
is

The

in the

Journal,

same

and

has

ever

since

is to

in every
monthlypublished^circulating
the point. It is finelyprintedand crowded
with
tions
illustrait.
the
teacher
for
made
taught
Every
specially
study
by

it

was

in each

is covered

started

is not

that bear

the most

tional
popular educastate.
Every line

1878 been

issue.

FOUNDATIONS.

EDUCATIONAL
This

in

on

but
paper,
Professional

series

of

small

monthly volumes

It is useful

Teaching.

for those

who

of education ; for Normal

study the foundations
Schools,
Teachers'
individual
Institutes and
teachers.
Training Classes,
If you desire to teach protessionally you
will want
Hand**
it.
each
month.
The
some
covers,
64pp.
paper
History,Science,
want

to

and
Civics of education
discussed
each
are
it also contains
all of the N. Y, State Examination
and
Answers.

Methods,
and

OUR

of the

resume

the

murders,
progress
It is the

important

scandals, etc.

of the world

brightestand

and

""* Select

tions
Ques-

TIMES

gives a

Club

month*

so

cheap

and

of the

news

the

edited

it

month"not

bears
the
upon
for the school- room.

paper of current
be afforded by

can

the

that

news

written
specially

best

that

but

events

every

lished,
pub-

pupil.

rates, 25 cents.
the paper suited to your

Samples of all

needs and

send

for

free sample.

the papers 25 cents,

E. L. KELLOGG

" CO.

New
.

York

and

Chicago.

f
Best

Books
Classified

To

aid

teacbers

ffiye below
is sometimes

the

under

appears

Panf

the

procure

Principles

HI8T0EY

OP

of

Aspects

"

Basedow,

edition*
Best edition,

bound
"

"
*

"

Horace
Great

**
**

Mann,

Teachers

Phelps*

His
and
of* Education.
Life of David
P.

Educational
Quick's
*Belnhart*s
History

of

Fitch's
*Hall

Huntington's

Best

paper

Payne's

Lectures

Beinhart's

of

on

Principles

*Spencer'8

Allen's
Allen's

paper

.15

pd.

vol. *91-'"2,paper

.60
1.00
.15

pd.

'92-'93,
-

Minds,

"d.

paper
cU

of
and
Art
Science
of Education,
Best edition,
of Childhood,
Years

Education,

for
in

Young

1.00

cl.

1.00

cl.

1.50
.75

cl.
cl.

.03

.25

1.50

paper

.20
.15
.80
.20
.80
1.20

pd.
pd.
M

pd.
.08
.08
.10

.10

.60

08

1.20
.15

.10

pd.

EDUCATION.

Teachers,

of Psychology,
Perez's
First Three
of Cbildhood.
Years
Best edition,
Booper's
Apperception,
Teachers*
Welches
PsycholoKy,
"*
Talks
on
Psychology,

JSSH

paper
cl.
cl.

AHB

Education,

1.00
.25

EDUCATIOK.

Studies

.03
.08

Mind

.20

.08

.80
.20

Temperament
*Kellogg's Outlines

.25

cl.

P87CH0L0QT

cl.

cL

Education.
First Three
of Pedagogics,
Outlines
Best edition.
of Education.
Philosopby
24 nos.
^Teachers'
Manual
Series,
each,
ready,

Perez's
"Bein's
Tate's

.20

pd.
pd.

pd.

"

Tuition,

.26

pd.
pd.
pd.
pd.
pd.

.16

OF

Children's

cL

paper

...

In Teaching,

.40

.15
.15
.15

paper

ediUion,

Education,

Unconscious

.50

paper

**

Improvement
(G. S.) Contents

cL

.05
.U3
.05

Science

the

Carter^s
Artificial Stupidity in School,
FOUN
bound
*EDUOATV"NAii
NATIONS,
"

.20

-----

Page,

FEINCIPLES

"

JS5

Centuries,

of Four
Outlines

Beformers,
of

cloth

.16
.15

Herbart

pd.

.40

paper

"

.15
.50

paper

Mall
Extra

d.

.60
1.00

also

By

Price
to
Teachers

vol. 'Ql-'OZ, paper

cl.
'92-'93,
-

his "Emile**

and

..

paper

Best

"*

Bousseau

JSTU

Theories.

and

Our
^

-".-.-

*"

we

BDU-

Education,

Foundations,

"

thus

Retail.

Kellogrgr*sLife of Pestalozzi,
Lang*s
Oomenius,
"

purpose,

Eduoatioit,

of

starred,

are

OBEAT

Education

Educational

^iSDUOATioNAii
"

their

to

vrh

Outlines
ot
of Froebel,

Autobiogrraphy
^*

suited

best

Pbaotiob
books

EDUCATIOK,
StAXUtUif

Historic

Brownintr's

books

and

Becent

PATAllfl

Allen*s

Subjects.

under

our

Eduoatioji.

ABT

List

The
divisiOD
pubileations classified under
subjscts.
difficult
that
to make,
tiave in many
one
cases
so
we
placed
uoder
several
Curriers
Eaiijr Education
titles; for instance.

book

same

to

list of

Teachers,

for

cl.

JBO

.40

cl.

.60
.25

.40
.20
1.20
.20

paper

...

Best

edition,

"

cl.

cL
cl.

oU

1.50
.25

1.25
.bO

l.OO

.40

.05
.05

03.
.10
.03
.10

"06

QESEaAL

HETH0D8

SCHOOL

ISJ)

ol,

Barly BdiioatlOD,
Fiuju'sArtof
QuostJiiDlQi;,
Artof
Seciirlrig AttenHon

f".rrt-'9

KAHAOmRT.

-----

-----

"

"*

LecturaaoaTeftchliig,
Object
Teaoblug,
HieCHBee
In
Teacmn^.

Oladstone'B
HUKttee'
^

BecurlDvand
"

How

to

Scbool

Kellogg^
McMnrry'B

and

Quick's

Train

to

Shaw

Tonge'S

or

of

Quiz

Dewey's

uv

Bow
How

Oladdtooe'B

Hngliea'

to

in

Teach

How

to

Seep

'Rellonr'B

How

to

by
Write

.80

.18
US

l.OO
,78

,18

.50

.40

X)

.84

cL

JiO

.40

cl.

,60

.a^

.18
.80

.34

.jo

.40

oL

,50

.40

cl.

1.00

.80

cl.

.30

.94

o|.

IB

paper

""

,40
1 8

paper

.00

paper

.30

AHD

.86

.ao

paper

FBIHAET

.90

ol.

cL

Drawing
KeUogg'sOeosraphybyHap
"Picture
Carts, 2 sets, each.
Language
Onibe
Uelbod
of Teaching
ArltLmello,
Seeley'a
"Arithmetic
Idea
In Teachlnft
Qrube
Smith's
Prsctloe
Qu'dg.
Bapld
WoodhuU'B
Science,
in
Easy
Eiperlmenta
-

."B

pq"r
_

.18
.00

....

Doing.
Composlt4oQS

.64

1.40

.28

cL

Education

CMer,

"[lee'AQaselnQeomstn'
Johnson's

Qaas,

Uaoaeia,

JO

I.TB

BDBJECTB.

TeacUng,

l.OO
l.ao

paper

Draw.
-

1.36
LHO

cl,

8FECIU.
Oeog.

l.so

paper

.15
T.ED

ol.

...

Primer,
Step
Teach
Phonfos,

to

.SO

ci.

Teaching,

to

School,

for

Drawings

Ubjeot

of

Work

I"evlcea.

Manual

CTThlnes

1 8
.

paper
CI..TB

.40

cL

cl.

AO

.TS

cL

BchooL

In

Prtotloa!

DHjff

Teaehlnff,

pdper

Bdncatloii,

School

ly

Csiuds'

Hemory,

KETEODB

-Durua

ol.

TeachlnH,

Doonell's

Soutbwlck'B

1.00

.18

paper
oL

Becltatloii.

Education,

Stimulus

and

Illustrated,

the

Object

Sldewlclc'B

'-~-..-

Civics

"Hooper's

Practice

Prlaolples

"

LSS

Btattd-d.

-----

Methods,

Prda^glcs.

"Keinhart's
"

the

Teacher,

Theory
"Page's
PatrldJre'BQuincy
How

Al.tBatloQ,

Teaching.

on

fracilnni

"Rein's

edition.

.18
,18

paper
CL

l.oo

paper
oL

Pedag""lcs.

on

Talks
"

Oondiict

ii"

Talks

Bat

MADaKemeut.

Bow

"farmer's

-----

RetalnliiK
Onler.

Keep

ijSB

paper

SS

seta,

each

.80

SDnjESGABTElT

1.TB

1.40

.18

XAKTTAL
fhitler*8

Argrument

"Larsson'B

Manual

for

of

Text-Book
Industrial

Love's

"Upham's

Tralnlnor.

Sloy J,

Lesaons

"'

"

"

State

"*

*Shaw's

Examination

National

Southwlck's
8outb

Quest

Handy
Helps,
of
Manual
Quiz

wick's

PHYSICAL
GroflTs

Book

Question

School

Hygiene,

.40

.05

.40

.05

cL

.60

.40
.60
1.00

1.00

edition,

SCHOOL

and

.05

pd.
pd.

.80
1.75

revised.
Best

EDUGATIOir

.60

cL

-----

Teaching.

.05

.60

Newly

.40

.50

cl.

"S3-n",

ons,

.12

"91-'92, paper

N^. Y.

1.J80

cL

vol.

bound

.15

1.50

cL

Grammar,

Foundations,

^Edtjoationaii

1.20

TEACHEBS.

FOB

Geography,
(J.S. Htetory,

**

"*

"*

pd.

1.50

cL

BOOKS

"

""

c\

AVoodworklng,

In

Series.

Question

.15

paper
cl.

QUESTION
^

'

Erturation,

Fifty

Analytical

TRAnmVO.

.08

pd.

cl.

1.00

.80

.08

cl.

.75

.00

.05

HYGIEKE.
.15

paper

.....

pd.

XISCELLANEOUS.
Blatkie

On

Fitches

Improvement

Self

Gardner^s

and

Best

Pooler's
Portrait
Walsh's

Books,

N.

Y.

Washington,

Schooi

Great

Law,

Kulers

-----

the

of

of

SIlTGIirG

Day,

Reception
Song

Treasures.

"Best

Primary

to

How

Day

Series,

Songs,

new

Each.

.80

Celebrate

to

.06
.08

.24

-------

How

.40

.24

.25

paper

postpaid.)

paper

Birthday,

It,

paper

Practice

Hapld

Standard^'

,15
.25

pd.
pd.

Arithmetic

-----

100
many

logue*of
sent

free.

E.

L.

.08

pd.

pd.

Manikin.

aTid

i"d.

,15

.50
Cards, (82 sets), Each,
Price
(Sold by subscription.)
on
application.
'"
"
Wonderful
4.00
Man
Manikin,
Standard
Blackboard
Stencils, 500 different
nos.,
Send
for
5 to 50 cents
each.
from
special
catalogue.
*'
"
1.50
Pencil
Onique
Sharpener,
"RusseU's
25.00
Solar
Lantern,
Standard
Manikin.
Physician's
(Sold by subscription.)

Smithes

pd.

APPABATUS.

SCHOOL

**

.03

pd.

BOOKS.

-------

"Washington's

.60

l.OO

"

.12

pd.

.24

DIALOOXTE

It,

3)

.80

paper

(Set S1.40

Nos.

oL

.SO
5.00

"

AND

Celebrate

pd.

Si.OO

World,

Calendar,
12 Authors,
each,

Student's

Bas-Reliefs

*Arbor

2JS0

paper
ol.

.08

.SO
.15

cl.

Buildings,

...

JB6

paper

...

School

Country

100

of

WiltiPlm's

cL

.....

Education,

in

Town

Lubbock^"

"

Culture,

page

other
books

Each

classified,
Method
for
of

KELLOGG

illustrated,
Boo

teachers,
these

cont

descriptive

aia

"

our

special

CO.,

teachers'

New

.10

pd.

of

Catalogue

lis, Teachers'
sent
fiee.
Helps,
of alllpublishers,
fight school

pd.

the
aboye
1(X) page
Cat-

apparatus,

etc.,

prices.

York

"

Chicago.