Breakout Week 15

Phylogenetics: Building Trees

Names of both partners: _______Farizah Ali______

BIO 281, Fall 2015

_________Debbie Chang____________

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Instructions:

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Each pair should create a full phylogeny with the Evolving lizards and Challenge activities, and
then answer the following questions about the processes. Each student will turn this worksheet in
via Safe Assign by Monday, November 30 at 11:59 p.m.

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Part 1
In pairs, open phylostrat from your Desktop and begin working on the evolving lizards activity.
(also available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/herronjc/SoftwareFolder/PhyloStrat.html )
Questions:
1. Which evolutionary process is this activity simulating when you add a new character to
the lizard picture?
Adding a new character to this phylogeny is an example of gene flow because the new
lizard introduces new traits to the lizard population.
2. When creating this phylogeny, what information does the length of the vertical lines
provide?
The length of the vertical lines shows the amount of time elapsed.
3. Now that youve finished, draw circles around the lizards that share each particular trait,
for instance a circle around all of the lizards that share a head crest, and another circle
around all of the lizards that share spotted tails. What pattern do these circles create, and
why might this be?
The traits introduced further in the past are present in more of the lizards in the
phylogeny.

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Breakout Week 15

Phylogenetics: Building Trees

BIO 281, Fall 2015

Part 2
Still working in pairs, complete the challenge assignment. Work to reconstruct the
phylogenetic tree that represents the evolutionary lineage that produced the seven lizards
provided. This can be done using the Phylostrat program. Be prepared to share your trees with
the class. When finished, answer the following questions:
4. Briefly describe what method you used to begin grouping the lizards. Could this method
work for traits other than just morphological characters?
We grouped lizards by similar traits that they had in common. Yes, this method
could work for other morphological characters.

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5. In the challenge activity, you already knew that each trait only evolved once and that
none of the traits disappeared. If we relaxed these constraints (i.e., allowed traits to
evolve multiple times or allowed the to be lost), how might this complicate the process
of constructing an unknown tree?
It would not be possible to organize the phylogeny tree from simple to complex.

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