Dr. Majid Ali: CE6323 Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Structures

MuhammadAliJInnahUniversity,
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Department of Civil Engineering
CE6323
Computer Aided Analysis
and Design of Structures
Dr. Majid Ali

Introduction:
Teacher:
Education: Civil Engg. (BSc, Taxila 2004; MSc, Taxila 2006; PhD, Auckland 2013)
Experience: Total 11.5 years (5.5 years Teaching/research, 6 years professional)
Publications: 24 (including 9 impact factor journal papers with cumm. IF >20)
Awards: Gold Medal, HEC Approved Supervisor, Acad.& Professi. Honorariums etc
Students:
Education:
BSc Civil Engg, BSc Building & Arch. Engg., B. Tech., MSc Transportation
Experience:
Total years = NIL 17 years
Nature = Contractor, Client, Academics, Consultancy/Design/Site
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Misc Information:
Credit hr: 3
Class hr: 3
Reference Codes / Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ACI 371R-08 / ACI 371R-98

ACI 350.3R
ASCE 7-05 / ASCE-7-95
UBC-1997
BCP-2007
ACI-318-05

Course Learning Outcomes:
At the end of course, the student will be able:

CLO-1:
CLO
1
to recognize
g
and explain
p
different
advanced perspective (functions)
of SAP, SAFE and AUTOCAD.
(C2L)
PLO-1
15%
CLO-2:
to develop finite element models of

structures (i.e. shell structures e.g.
water tanks etc) using SAP, SAFE
for complete analysis and design,
design
PLO-5
and to create structural drawings
using AUTOCAD and manually.
(P5H) PLO-9 60%
CLO-3:
to interpret as well as justify

analysis and design of structures.
(A3L) PLO-10 25%
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Course plan (16 weeks teaching):

Week
Course outline
BACKGROUND SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN
Concepts of architectural dwgs; coordinate / grid system; structural layout;
earthquake- resistant design; water tower; sloshing effect; code references.
Quizzes/
Presentation
SAP
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
SAP introduction; grids layout; material properties; member sizes, modifiers and
other details; Geometry layout (beams, columns, shear walls, slabs); replication
(linear, mirror, story); supports.
Basic load cases (Dead, superimposed dead, live, roof live, soil (if any) and
earthquake); mass-source.
Factored load combinations (considering eccentricities in all directions and using
all code clauses)
Applying basic loads (point, uniformly distributed, varying lateral and area loads).
Checking model errors; analysis options; model analysis.
Evaluation of analysis; performing concrete design.
SUPERSTRUCTURE DETAILING
AUTOCAD introduction.
Structural drawings I.
Structural drawings II.
Structural drawings III.
REVISION
Midterm.
Quiz 1
Quiz 2

10
11
BACKGROUND FOUNDATION DESIGN

Concepts of allowable bearing capacity (net, gross and effective) including
design examples .
SAFE
SAFE introduction; Exporting SAP file for SAFE foundation model; Importing
SAP data/analysis; material and soil properties; foundation type and thickness;
applying additional loads (if required); Preliminary foundation layout.
Service and Factored load combinations (considering eccentricities in all
directions and using all code clauses).
15
Evaluation of analysis and design; checking bearing pressures and satisfying

foundation sizes.
SUBSTRUCTURE DETAILING
Structural drawings IV.
Structural drawings V.
PRACTICING APPROACH
Alternate options for economical design
16
Project Presentations
17
18
19
20
REVISION
Exam Preparation
12
13
14
Quiz 3
Quiz 4
Presentations
Final Exam
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Marking criteria
CLOs
Assessment
Modules
Presentation (20%)
Quizzes (20%)
Midterm Exam (20%)
Final Exam (40%)
CLO:1
(Recognize
and
Explain)
5%
5%
5%
CLO:2
(Develop
and
Create)
15%
10%
10%
25%
CLO:3
(Interpret
and
Justify)
5%
5%
5%
10%
Total (100%)
15%
60%
25%
Grading shall be as per rules in prospectus.

BACKGROUND
SUPERSTRUCTURE DESIGN
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Architectural Drawings
important in order to imagine the structure

help
p for precise
p
structural FE models
consist of
Plans
Elevations
Sections
Its better that the main structural
features can be seen in arch. dwgs
For detailed understanding, refer to related UG courses.

Coordinate / Grid System
basically the reference lines

primarily
y available in arch. dwgs
g
p
is basically for layout
may be improved by str. engr. during design
phase
helps in FEM geometry
available in soft wares SAP,
SAP ETABS etc
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Structural Layout
preliminary working of str. members on arch.

dwgs
g to support
pp
structure i.e. to resist
loadings
should give proper consideration to types of
loading to be resisted
should preferably visible in arch. dwgs
consists of
Framing plans
Reinforcement details (plans, sections etc)

Earthquake-resistant Design
considers lateral loads due to strong ground

motions
Mainly two types of analysis:
Dynamic
Equivalent static force procedure
(used in this course)
considers special reinforcement detailing
requires some special material properties
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Water Towers
important structures, even available after

major
j disasters
thus have high importance factor in analysis
have different types depending
on shapes (circular, square, rectangle,
mushroom-type, etc)
on supporting structures (column
(column-beam
beam,
shear walls, col.-beam with shear wall etc)
on fluid type
Shear wall supported mushroom-type water tower

Sloshing Effect
oscillation of water surface

g effect because of
additional loading
movement of water due to strong ground
motion
considered in analysis by few international
codes
still needs improvement
needs proper free-board
generates two components; convective and
impulsive
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

T=0
T=t1
T=t2
T=t3
T=t4
T=t5
T=t6
T=t7
T=t8
Figure 1: Sloshing effect in elevated water tank (one complete cycle)

Figure 2: Idealization of convective and impulsive components
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Code References
ACI 371R-08 / ACI 371R-98

Water tank design
ACI 350.3R
350 3R
Water tank seismic design
ASCE 7-05 / ASCE-7-95
Seismic design (site specific acceleration)
UBC-1997
Seismic design
BCP-2007
Seismic design
ACI-318-05
Concrete design and detailing

Report on Seismic analysis and design

of water tower
1. Introduction
Elevated water tanks are commonly used for storing
water in public water distribution system and it
should be competent of keeping the expected
performance during and after earthquake. It has
large mass concentrated at the top of slender
supporting
ti
structure
t
t
and
d
h
hence
extremely
t
l
vulnerable against horizontal forces due to
earthquake. They must be functional even after
earthquakes to ensure water supply is available in
earthquake-affected regions.
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Keeping in view the above stated importance of

elevated water tanks, seismic analysis and design of
elevated water tank need much attention to cater all
types of forces generated due to strong ground
motions. In case of elevated water tank or even
ground water tanks, sloshing effect (Figure 01) of
water must be considered in addition to the lateral
seismic forces. The sloshing effect generates due
to g
ground
u
motions and it represents
m
p
the oscillation
of water surface. The stored water can be divided
into two parts, the upper oscillating part known as
convective component and the lower so-called solid
part known as impulsive component.

These two components along with tank structure

create three objects (three degree of freedom
system) to be considered for seismic analysis. Many
researchers have suggested to combine the
impulsive component with tank structure, making it
two degree of freedom system (Figure 2) which is
relatively easy to handle in calculations of dynamic
analysis. Whereas, in equivalent static force
procedure only seismic mass including the mass of
procedure,
sloshing water is considered.
10
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Seismic analysis can be performed by two methods:

i. equivalent static analysis and ii. dynamic analysis.
Equivalent static analysis is easy and quick whereas
dynamic analysis is difficult,
difficult and time consuming.
consuming
Equivalent static procedure is outlined in ACI 371R
and ASCE 7-05 but these codes suggest site
specific acceleration amplification which make it
difficult to use ACI 371R strictly for Pakistan
region.
g . Therefore
f
the concept
p of
f equivalent
qu
static
force procedure is taken from ACI 371R and the
stepwise procedure to be adopted for Pakistan
region is outlined in this report (section 2).

On the other hand, there are many models available

by which the dynamic analysis can be performed
which make it difficult to select a more accurate
model for designing.
designing However,
However in absence of a more
rigorous method of dynamic analysis, ACI 350.3 in
its Appendix A suggests GENERAL PROCEDURE for
dynamic lateral forces, pressure distribution,
overturning moments, vertical accelerations and
stresses f
for w
water tank.. There are m
many
y researches
still going on (even in 2015) for understanding the
real dynamic behavior of water tanks under strong
ground motions. Therefore it is recommended to use
equiv. static force procedure (outlined in section 2)
for design of water tanks to be on safe side.
11
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

2. Equivalent Static Force Procedure

The sloshing, horizontal and vertical eccentricities
effects (5.1.2.4.1, G in 5.1.2.2 and 5.1.2.9,
respectively of ACI 371),
371) must be considered in
equivalent static analysis. Effective seismic weight
(used in calculating base shear) should include all
dead load of tank structure,
convective and
impulsive weight of water, 25% of live load and 20%
of
f snow
w load w
where f
flat roof
f snow
w load exceeds30
psf (ACI 371R). The weight of convective and
impulsive component can be calculated using ACI
350.3 (Figure 9.6 for circular tanks and Figure 9.2
for rectangular tanks).

A close approximation for convective and impulsive

masses of axisymmetric, other than cylindrical,
tanks may be obtained from an equivalent cylindrical
tank that has same free surface diameter as the
axisymmetric tank and a depth that results in the
same volume as the axisymmetric tank. The rest
procedure may be adopted in a same manner as that
in analysis of buildings with the exception that
i. the response
p
modification factor R ((2.2)) and importance
p
factor I (1.25)should be taken for tanks.
ii. the load combinations as per PBC should also consider the
additional parameters (if governing) mentioned in load
combinations as per ACI 371R (e.g. G=eccentric load effect
due of dead and water load, S=snow load and T= temperature
and shrinkage effects) for analysis of tanks.
12
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

For external stability checks, the in-house built

excel sheet can be used whereas for internal
analysis, FEM using STAADPRO, ETABS or SAP
should be adopted.
adopted Free board should also be
checked using clause 15.6.5.1 of ASCE 7-05. The
time period of the empty and full tank should
preferably be calculated using Method B,
particularly for internal analysis.

Snap shots
from
f
referred
codes
5.1.2.4.1 from
ACI 371R-08
13
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

5.1.2.2 from
ACI 371R-08

5.1.2.9 from
ACI 371R-08
14
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Figure 9.6
from
ACI 350.3
350 3

Figure 9.2
from
ACI 350.3
350 3
15
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

15.6.5.1
from
ASCE 7-05
7 05

1630.1.1
from
UBC 1997
16
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

1612.2
from
UBC 1997

1630.2.1
from
UBC 1997
17
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Method B
from UBC
1997

Table data from UBC 1997
18
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015


19
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015


20
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015


Computer Aided Analysis and Design

of Structures
((Elevated Water Tank 50,000 Gallons))
A mashroom-type elevated water tank

(EWT) of 50,000 gallons capacity is to be
designed. A minimum hydraulic head of
60'-0" was required by the Services
Engineer to cover the area/buildings. The
structurall analysis
l i
and
d design
d i
was
started based on concrete outline with
60'-0" minimum hydraulic head. SAP /
SAFE softwares were used to analyze
and the design the EWT.
21
IslamabadCampus
9/21/2015

Final Geo-Technical Recommendations
The recommendations for the site soil by the

Geotechnical Engineer are as under:
-Net
Net allowable bearing capacity = 11.0
0 TSF at 10
10'-0"
0"
below N.S.L
-Effective allowable bearing capacity = 0.90 TSF
at 10'-0" below N.S.L
g capacity
p
y due to
-No increase in allowable bearing
seismic loading is permitted
-Soil profile type "SE
- Sliding coefficient = 0.4

Architectural drawings
22

Dr. Majid Ali: CE6323 Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Structures

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MuhammadAliJInnahUniversity,

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Dr. Majid Ali

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

ACI 371R-08 / ACI 371R-98

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Course Learning Outcomes:

At the end of course, the student will be able:

to develop finite element models of

to interpret as well as justify

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Course plan (16 weeks teaching):

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

BACKGROUND FOUNDATION DESIGN

Evaluation of analysis and design; checking bearing pressures and satisfying

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Grading shall be as per rules in prospectus.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

important in order to imagine the structure

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Coordinate / Grid System

basically the reference lines

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

preliminary working of str. members on arch.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

considers lateral loads due to strong ground

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

important structures, even available after

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

oscillation of water surface

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Figure 1: Sloshing effect in elevated water tank (one complete cycle)

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Figure 2: Idealization of convective and impulsive components

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

ACI 371R-08 / ACI 371R-98

Water tank seismic design

ASCE 7-05 / ASCE-7-95

Seismic design (site specific acceleration)

Concrete design and detailing

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Report on Seismic analysis and design

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Keeping in view the above stated importance of

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

These two components along with tank structure

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Seismic analysis can be performed by two methods:

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

On the other hand, there are many models available

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

2. Equivalent Static Force Procedure

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

A close approximation for convective and impulsive

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

For external stability checks, the in-house built

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus