16th June, 2013

Hydraulic Circuits
Laboratory Report

Kareem Ibrahim Mohamed Nasr

Section: 7
Seat Number: 331

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16th June, 2013

Experiment (1)

Components
1234567-

Tanks
Filter
Fixed displacement pump
Pressure relief valve
4/2 manually operated with detent-spring returned DCV
Flow control with check valve (meter out extension)
Hydraulic cylinder (actuator)

Experiment objective
Changing the orifice opening of the flow control valve and study its effect in
pressure readings and extension time.

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16th June, 2013

At extension stroke
P1 (bar)
9
8
9
20
35
45
48

P2 (bar)
18
18
18
40
65
85
92

Text (sec)
2.65
2.69
2.69
2.69
2.79
3.25
3.45

Comments and conclusions

1- Extension velocity is reduced by closing the valve. Since
there is Less flowrate passing through the orifice.
2- Pressures in the two sides of the cylinders are increased by closing
the valve. Since the Resistance is increasing correspondingly.
3- The 1st three readings were not accurate. This may be Caused
by valve leakage or derange.

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16th June, 2013

Experiment (2)

Components
1- Tank
2- Filter
3- Fixed displacement pump
4,5- pressure relief valves
6- 4/3 manually operated with detent spring returned DCV
7. Hydraulic cylinder (actuator)
Objective
Calculating the minimum pressure require to lift the load
Operation
Change the set pressure of the relief valve (1), And try to lift the load.
The load would only be lifted at set pressure of 34 bar.
So min pressure = Prelief / 1.1 = 30.9 bar

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Experiment (3)
Sequential circuits

Parallel connection

Objective
Study the sequential movement of cylinders.
Comments

1. Every cylinder can operate alone and two cylinders in a parallel

connection.
2. When operating the two cylinders the lower load will operate first
3. Tandem center DCV can't be used in this circuit. If such occured
extension or retraction strokes in first cylinder cant be done. Oil
will pass to the tank directly (lower resistance).

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16th June, 2013

Series connection

Objective

Study the sequential movement of cylinders.

Comments

1- The 4/3 DCV must be tandem center to allow extension and retraction of the first cylinder only.
2- When 4/3 DCV is in the central position, the first cylinder can
be operated seperately.
3- Two cylinders move together according to DCV positions.
4- The two cylinders did not achieve the stroke end at the same
time due to leaking or lagging in system.

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Experiment (4)

25 bar

Objective

Pressure intensifier circuit

In this circuit we use double acting hydraulic cylinder acts as pressure

intensifier to increase pressure higher than pump pressure for lifting the
load.

Comments
1- Normal circuit can't operate at 25 bar. This is the relief pressure.
2- Velocities of lowering and lifting weight will be smaller than
normal circuit.
3- This circuit will operate at a pressure that is lower than 25 bar.

Pressure(bar)
10
12
16

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Load rising
No
No
Yes

16th June, 2013

Experiment (5)
Pilot operated check valve

Load fixation
Objective
Hold and locking the load at a desired position during stroke with no
fear of leaking circuit components.

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Experiment (6)

Hydraulic motor
Objective
Measuring flowrate at different P.

Results

Flow rate (l/min)

0
1
4.5
10

Downstream P (bar)
0
0
2
8

Upstream P (bar)
60
60
58
50

In this experiment we shall connect the pump with motor to make hydromotor circuit with its safety devices and measuring the fluid quantity at
different pressures.

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16th June, 2013

Experiment (7)
Accumulator

Objective
For the first simple circuit determine the time of the extension/retraction of the cylinder with/without the hydraulic accumulator.

Results
t extension
t retraction

Without ACC.
2.66
1.53

With ACC.
1.57
1.14

Comments
1- The cylinder is faster while engaging the accumulator.
2- The center position must be tandem to charge accumulator.

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Experiment (8)
Pilot operated check valve

Objective
constructing a hydraulic circuit with pilot operated check valve & try
lowering & raising the load with shut off valve slightly by repeating
the process until the valve fully opening.

Comments
In this circuit the hydraulic cylinder cannot be moved downward by the
pump pressure until the pressure signal open the pilot operated check
valve to open the check valve in reverse direction to make the cylinder
extend.
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Experiment (9)
Electro-Hydraulics

Simple circuit

Objective
Constructing an electric circuit to control the hydraulic circuit.

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Experiment (10)

Comments
1- Pressure switches which it normally closed and open are used.
2- They sense pressure signal to cut out the electric signal to the
solenoid.
3- The solenoid actuated all time during two stroke by using
another bush button in parallel.

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