Math135a Differential Calculus

Performance Task (Finals)

EFFECT OF THE PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE TO THE SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY

Researchers:
Acueza, Alexander Benedict
Adano, Bryan
Alcaide, Rochella Mae
Altis, Aelor Emmanuel
Bagallon, James Vincent
Villaflor, Justine Jake

Submitted to:
Mr. Jun De Armas
October 23, 2015
I.

INTRODUCTION

Electricity used in households and establishments are generated from different power
stations. These power stations have various ways to produce and generate the electricity they
distribute to their consumers. This study focuses on one specific way of generating
electricity; through gasoline. Specifically, power plants need to extract, turn, and transform
the chemical energy contained in the gasoline to turn it into electricity that is then distributed
to the consumers.
Due to the continuous economic growth of the country, the demands in electricity
also rises. A lot of business establishments require 24/7 electricity supply. Households make
more electricity consumption than before due to the rise of technology. These scenarios
contribute to the fast depleting supply of electricity in the country and definitely worldwide.
As the supply of electricity rapidly depletes, it is undeniable that there will be a time
that power stations will not be able to meet the electricity demands of the consumers.
Alongside the depletion of electricity supply, the supply of gasoline, by which electricity is
made, diminishes exponentially too. As a non-renewable energy, gasoline takes a long period
to be created.
This study aims to determine if the production of gasoline affects the production of
electricity. The study aims to provide answers to the questions how does the cost,
production, and supply of gasoline affect the cost, production, and supply of electricity.
The researchers will be using the mathematical model, curve fitting. Where the
amount of gasoline will be the dependent variable while the amount of electricity is the
independent variable.

II.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Merriam Webster, Gasoline also known as petrol, is a volatile

flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel especially for internal combustion
engines and usually blended from several products of natural gas and petroleum, derived
chiefly from crude petroleum and used principally as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum,
enhanced with a variety of additives. The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to
resist igniting too early is measured by its octane rating. Gasoline is produced in several
grades of octane rating.
A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles such as electrons
or protons, either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current, a type
of energy fueled by the transfer of electrons from positive and negative points within a
conductor. Electricity is widely used for providing power to buildings, electric devices, and
even some automobiles. A fundamental form of energy that forms and occurs naturally or is
produced and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction of electrons.
Natural gas prices are mainly a function of market supply and demand. Because there
are limited short-term alternatives to natural gas as a fuel for heating and electricity
generation during peak demand periods, changes in supply or demand over a short period
may result in large price changes. Prices themselves often act to balance supply and demand.
Factors on the supply-side that affect prices include natural gas production, net
imports, and underground storage levels. Increases in supply tend to pull prices down, while
decreases in supply tend to push prices up. Increases in prices tend to encourage production,

imports, and sales from storage inventories. Declining prices tend to have the opposite
effects.
Factors on the demand-side include weather (temperatures), economic conditions,
and petroleum prices. Cold weather (low temperatures) increases demand for heating, while
hot weather (high temperatures) increases demand for cooling, which increases natural gas
demand by electric power plants. Economic conditions influence demand for natural gas,
especially by manufacturers. Demand may be moderated by petroleum fuel prices, which
may be an economical substitute for natural gas for power generators, manufacturers, and
large building owners. Higher demand tends to lead to higher prices, while lower demand
can lead to lower prices. Increases and decreases in prices tend to reduce or increase
demand.
Electricity production from oil, gas and coal sources (% of total) in Philippines was
71.31 as of 2011. Its highest value over the past 40 years was 100.00 in 1972, while its
lowest value was 44.75 in 1986. Sources of electricity refer to the inputs used to generate
electricity. Oil refers to crude oil and petroleum products. Gas refers to natural gas but
excludes natural gas liquids. Coal refers to all coal and brown coal, both primary (including
hard coal and lignite-brown coal) and derived fuels (including patent fuel, coke oven coke,
gas coke, coke oven gas, and blast furnace gas). Peat is also included in this category.

Year

Value

1971

100.00

1972

100.00

1973

85.78

1974

81.91

1975

83.54

1976

81.01

1977

85.43

1978

81.93

1979

78.97

1980

68.91

1981

63.20

1982

60.54

1983

58.53

1984

49.78

1985

49.61

1986

44.75

1987

55.16

1988

53.20

1989

52.32

1990

54.58

1991

57.49

1992

60.80

1993

59.75

1994

60.02

1995

63.16

1996

63.07

1997

66.57

1998

66.38

1999

55.51

2000

57.11

2001

62.71

2002

64.36

2003

66.58

2004

66.27

2005

67.63

2006

63.97

2007

68.40

2008

66.08

2009

67.41

2010

73.69

2011

71.31

The value for Electricity production (kWh) in Philippines was 69,176,000,000 as of

2011. As the graph below shows, over the past 40 years this indicator reached a maximum
value of 69,176,000,000 in 2011 and a minimum value of 9,145,000,000 in 1971. Electricity
production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. In addition to
hydropower, coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power generation, it covers generation by
geothermal, solar, wind, and tide and wave energy, as well as that from combustible
renewables and waste. Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed
to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants.

Year Value

1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

9,145,00
0,000
10,398,0
00,000
13,186,0
00,000
13,047,0
00,000
13,670,0
00,000
14,716,0
00,000
15,080,0
00,000
15,542,0
00,000
16,677,0
00,000
18,009,0
00,000
18,583,0
00,000
19,406,0
00,000
21,454,0
00,000
21,180,0
00,000
22,766,0
00,000

1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

20,974,0
00,000
22,642,0
00,000
24,539,0
00,000
25,573,0
00,000
26,327,0
00,000
25,649,0
00,000
25,870,0
00,000
26,579,0
00,000
30,471,0
00,000
33,566,0
00,000
36,727,0
00,000
39,797,0
00,000
41,578,0
00,000
41,432,0
00,000
45,290,0
00,000

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

47,050,0
00,000
48,467,0
00,000
52,940,0
00,000
55,957,0
00,000
56,567,0
00,000
56,783,0
00,000
59,611,0
00,000
60,821,0
00,000
61,921,0
00,000
67,742,0
00,000
69,176,0
00,000

III.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the production, cost, and supply

of gasoline to the production, cost, and supply of electricity. The study will be limited to the
production of gasoline and to the production of electricity in the Philippines. Thus, it will be
limited only to the output that can be used in the study, specifically literatures concerning the
factors of gasoline and electricity. Data to answer how does gasoline affect the production of
the electricity, can be found through the internet or through books. For the formulation of the
mathematical model, the researchers will be using the trial software of DataFit Curve Fitting
and Data Plotting Software. It is also a task that all of the researchers would take part in
doing the final output since they can do the division of project either in school or in their

houses.
IV.

METHODOLOGY
While working on the research project, the researchers would be using the available

resources like prior researchers, articles and mostly found in internet resources, books, thesis
and other references to explore and develop more knowledge, and thus gathering more
appropriate content for the whole paper. The researchers will not only make research of
numerical data, but also they will be flexible in exploring and developing the content from
many resources gathered, and will further be gathering.
The researchers will use numerical and graphical representation in their study. First,
the researchers will gather all the numerical data needed, and those numerical data can be
found in the internet. Second, the researchers will save all the numerical data they gathered.
Lastly, the researchers will encode the data into the data fit curve. Both numerical and
graphical data are important because it is where the researchers will base their performance
task.
Before gathering data, the researchers must know what the research is all about in
order to know what the important details they must focus on. The researchers will be
gathering the data needed by the month of September 2015.
The group leader knows the skills and limitations of each member. Every part of the
research, each member has been assigned based on their own performance in the previous
period. Every task will be designated fairly.
The group has six members who are working in solos and pairs. They cooperate and
know their roles as a member, especially on where they will get some information that are
related to the topic.

V.

CHALLENGES
V.1 ACUEZA, Alexander Benedict
One of the hardest yet interesting subject is Differential Calculus,
not only the lessons itself but the project. We encountered many
difficulties in the paper, but with the help of my co-members, it was
easy to handle. Furthermore, the difficulties weve encountered
were the lack of resources, and lack of time. It was hard to find time
to edit and finish the project because we are busy with other major
subjects. Honestly speaking, I learned that unity is the best way to
finish the project early. In addition, I learned that the relation

between electricity and gasoline is a big impact to our world

because without the presence of gasoline, there will be no
production of electricity. Gasoline is just one product that produces
electricity.
Through the difficulties, struggles, and hard work, I gained more
knowledge that Mathematics changes lives. In making a project,
team members should have time management. Also, they must do
their part respectively and must work early so that there will be no
cramming.
V.2 ADANO, Bryan
Differential Calculus was one of the hardest subject I encountered in my student
life. It was a challenging subject for me. Finding ideas about our topic "Does the
production of gasoline affect the supply of electricity" is quite hard to find because it
is lack of related literatures, and information. I respond to this challenges through
seeking some information through internet. Internet was the easiest and fastest
solution to a problem. It is just one click away and then there is what you want to
know about. I also seek help through the help of my project mates. I ask them what I
dont understand very well and then they thought me to do it correctly. I learned many
things from this final output. One is to be resourceful, we need a lot of information in
making this final output. Second is time management, as we made this final output,
we take our time in doing this to make sure that it is correctly made. I have learned
also that cooperation and discipline are the most important attitude in a group because
you cant say that it is a group work without the help of each member in a group. I

spend a lot of time in this performance task because it is not easy to find information
about our said topic. I suggest that, as a group, we need to do projects ahead of time
so that we can finish the final outputs earlier and we can check and revise it correctly.
V.3 ALCAIDE, Rochella Mae
Our group take this final output in Differential Calculus as one of the challenging
final output we have because it needs planning process and time management when
doing this kind of research paper. In my opinion, sometimes I encountered difficulties
in completing this project or research because our topic is never easy to understand
but we try to complete the requirements as much as we can. I asked few questions
about the gasoline and electricity to my group mates because it is our topic for this
subject, and researched the Internet to understand it very well. But in respond to this
challenge easily because my group mates are always there when I need them, they
never leave our group especially in times of need to complete this final output. By the
help of them, we understand our topic and proceed to the research paper that we have
done before. Ive learned that cooperation is a must every time that our leader or my
group mates suggests things to make our final output right or to complete it before the
deadline comes. As I observed, spending more time in this performance task is in my
planning process same as my group mates did. Because we want to give our best for
this final output that we have in this subject. By this time, we need to present all data
needed for analysis and provide possible solutions to our topic which is concerning
economic growth and environmental resource. We do it as early as we can so we do
not encounter again the difficulties we have before.
V.4 ALTIS, Aelor Emmanuel

To be honest, one of the subjects I had a hard time dealing with is Differential
Calculus. Because sometimes it's hard for me to understand some of the lessons. But I
know with perseverance. Everything is possible. This project the we made is not easy
too like calculus. Because we need to have time to this project We need to handle our
time properly. Also one of the difficulties we've had is to research about our subject.
Because even though we uses internet to find related literature we don't find it easy.
All and all my experience in making this project helps me. Because this for me is a
guide for me since I'll becoming 4th year next semester and I'll be doing my thesis.
V.5 BAGALLON, James Vincent
During the development of the project, we did not encounter much problems other
than the lack of resources and references and the lack of time. Though, it did not
become a big difficulty because we were able to find reliable data about our topic
eventually. Also, lack of time was brought by a handful of subject with different
requirements to fulfill. We responded to this challenge by dividing the work into
parts. All of us did our respective parts that resulted to this final paper, all it took was
the right amount of teamwork.
Generally, I learned more situation and relation of the production of gasoline and
the production of electricity in the Philippines. Moreover, I learned the value of time
and teamwork while in the process of doing this research project; such values you
could not learn inside the classroom.
In terms of time, we did spend some time doing the first part of the research project.
Though with difficulties on finding data, we still managed to meet the deadlines. In
terms of money, we did not spend a lot. Practically, the only thing we used money for
is the printing of the hardcopy of the research paper.

I do want to say that this subject was very interesting. Admittedly, this was one of
my favorite subjects this semester. Our professor did a splendid job on educating us.
The semester and classes were cut short because of suspensions; we did gain a huge
amount of knowledge that is priceless.
V.6 VILLAFLOR, Justine Jake
One of the problems or difficulties that I have encountered in making this project
is about time management, because all of our subjects are also giving us projects
thats why its hard to divide my time for all of the projects, our project is also unique
and thats why its hard to research some related topics about our topic. Our topic is
about gasoline and electricity, its hard to explain that topic because the topic is hard
to find in the internet, for us to finish our project, we cooperated and give each one a
work to finish the project faster, each one of us cooperated and thats why we
completed our project. For me, cooperation is one of the key to accomplish group
works, each one of the group must have a responsibility and they should be guided by
the leader to finish the work faster, because if all of the members doesnt cooperate
and they just give all of the works to the leader, maybe their project will be not done
completely and correctly, thats why I realize that cooperation is the key to make a
work completely and correctly.

REFERENCES
Definition of Gasoline. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gasoline
Definition of Gasoline. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline
Definition of Electricity. Retrieved from
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/electricity.html
What are the major factors affecting natural gas prices. Retrieved May 15, 1015, from
http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=43&t=8
Philippines Electricity production. Retrieved from
http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/philippines/electricity-production
Supply shortages lead to rolling power outages in the Philippines. Retrieve March 6, 2015, from
http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=20252