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'

..

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WASTE PAPER'

RECYCLING

PLANT
..

BY

";'OCHOR SPENCER CHIDI

: ': (~EG.NO. 9615254EH)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

. FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

MINNA.

. J
.

..

...,......,... .. ,

).

".

" A FINAL YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL.

FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS, FOR THE AWARD OF
. BACHELOR DEGREE IN ENGINEERING (B. ENG)

FEBRUARY 2002

DECLARATION
declare that this project

work was conducted by me; under the able

andsupervision of Engr. M.A. Olutoye. Department of chemical

Minna

Niger state. During the

academic session.

----------------------~------

Signature

CERtiFICATION
is to certify, that this work; Design and construction
plant

of waste paper

was carried out by Master Ochor Spencer of chemical

Engineering Technology,

.university of technology

Minna. In partial fulfillment of the award

Degreein chemical Engineering.

APPROVED BY:

------------~-----------,

G'R M.A.OLUTOYE
, ,r,

DATE

',-:-. ".~ '.-",.. ".'~~'"

ROJECT ~SUPERVISOR)

-----------------------J.O.

ODIGURE

DATE

EAD OF DEPARTMENT)

-------------------~---------

ERNAL EXAMINAL

DATE

'/

"

, DEDICATION
to dedicate this work, to an those who have in one way or the other
buted it's the realization. They include my mum and Dad:" MR and MRS

, ..., - , . , - ,-,/ . --<

,
\

. to express here, my profound gratitude to my parents MR and MRS N ..

R, for theic support, without which this goal would not have been realized .

. to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Engr M.AOlutoye for his'

.

'

II

idance and support, as well as his invaluable and priceless advice aU through
,

" in write-up as well.

igri and construction aspect of the project, and

God be the glory.

.,,

.'

PAGE
Title page
ii'
III

Certification

iv

v'
VI

X"

Introduction

General introduction

Aims and objectives

Scope and limitations

Literature Review

Historical Background
Pulp and paper

Furnish for pulp and paper

7,

Wood pulping

Chemical pulping of wood

8,

Rang e of chemical pulping processes

Principles of chemical pulping

Mechanical pulping of wood
f

Range of mechanical pulping

9
10

10
2.7.0

Bleaching of wood

2.8.0

Paper making

2.9.0

Fiber pr tion

2.10.0 The er machine

1,1
12
13
, 13

2.10.1 CyHnder machine

1.3

2.10.2 The Fourdrinier machine

14
The Twin-wire machine
Uses of additives in paper making

..

15
15

Uses of paper
RecyC\ing in pulp and paper
RecyC\ing of waste/used paper
Processes involved in used paper recyC\ing

16
1.6
17'
17

Hydropulping
Cleaning and Screening

'17
17

Deinking
18'
Bleaching
Dewatering/Thickening
Uni~s in a paper recyC\ing plant

18
19'
19

Disc refiner
20
Hydropulper
Headbox

20
21

Press section
21

Drying section

22

Effect of recycling on pulp quality

23

Economic and environmental importance 9f recyC\ing

,

THREE
25'
Methodology
Sorting of waste paper

25
25 '

Shredding of waste paper

26
Pulping and starching

, 27
Slurry regulation
Pulp sieving and pressing

28

30
Heating and drying'

Result and discussion of result

33

33
.

.1.0 Result

34

.2.0 Discussion of result

Process Design
General plant description
Process description
Material balance across plant
Material balance about refiner
Material balance about hydropulper
Material balance about headbox
Material balance about felt blanket conveyor
Material balance about drier
5.4.0 Energy balance across plant

36
36
36
36
37
39
40
41

42

43

5.4.1' Energy requirement of plant

43
45

5.4.2

Energy balance across drier

5.5.0

Efficiency of drier

46

5.5.1

Defination of parameters

48

5.6.0

Energy balance across Roller

49

5.7.0

Description and design consideration of individual units

,52

5.7.1

Refiner description

52

5.7.2

Volume of hopper

5.8.0

Description of hydropulper

, 5.8.1

Volume of hydropulper

5.8.2

Design of hydropulper blade

5.9.0 Headbox description

5.9.1 Volume of head box

52
54 '
54
.56
57 '
57 '

5.10.0 Felt blanket conveyor description

?7

5.10.1 Design consideration of felt blanket conveyor

58

CHAPTER SIX
5.0

Cost analysis

60

CHAPTER SEVEN
6.0

Conclusions and Recommendation

64

7.1

Conclusion

65

7.2

Recommendation

66

Appendix

67

Design parameters
References

67,
'68

able 4.1: Result of experimental analysis.

able 5.1 Total materials balance overall the equipment.
able 6.1 :Material specifications and costing of Hydropulper.
able 6.2: Material specification and costing of Refiner.
able 6.3: Material specification and costing of Headbox.
able 6.4:Material specifications and costing of driers and rollers.

LIST OF FIGURES.
FlPURE 3.1: Flow diagram for production analysis.

F~GURE 5.1 :Simple flow sheet for production of tissue PFlper.

FIGURE 5.2:Technological scheme of tissue paper production.
F,IGURE 5.4: Dimension of felt blanket.

ABSTRACT

The research work-Design and construction of a small scale waste paper recycling

". has been carried out. The machine is made up of six component parts,
. machine,
,

which include, the disc refiner, the hydropulper, the headbox, feltblanket conveyor,
drier and rollers
Each unit was constructed according to design parameters. From the results of
i

experimental analysis carried out on the stddy for every 0.1 kg of waste paper raw
I

material fed i'nto the refiner (as fed)1 we require about 7000ml (7Iiters)of water to
itl and about 0.02 kg of starch adhesive.

was also observed that at the end of the operation, the final paper product
.a SOft, thin, smooth and flexible texture that marks it out as being
referable for use as toilet paper.
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