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1.

Cc thnh phn ng sau ng t To Be :


a. Be + Adj. Ex : I am clever.
Adj Verb + ing ( ngha ch ng) or Verb + ed (ngha b ng ) + Noun
EX: a boring lecture or a bored man

b. Be + Noun phrase
c. Be + preposition : be at home, be in class
d. Be + V-ing Ex : I am learning English.
e. Be + V3/ed Ex : The dog was killed by this man.
f. Be + to + V1 Ex : To learn English well is to try your best.

2. NOUN PHRASE ( lm ch t hoc tc t trong cu ) GM :


a. A/An . + Adj. + Noun.
Ex : She is a nice girl. ( tnh t lun ng trc danh t )
b. A/An..+ Adv + Adj. + Noun (Adverb of degree or Adv-ly)
Ex: an extremely nice girl
Ex: a completely right test
Adverbs of degree ( trng t ch mc ):
extremely, very, rather, quite, fairly, pretty.
Adverb of manner ( trng t ch th cch ) : Adj. + ly
c. A/AN .....+ ADJ. ADJ. ADJ - ...... + SINGULAR NOUN.
EX: A four month old baby

A one eye man

d. Noun phrase + Preposition ( in, on, at, with, for, . ) + Noun phrase.
Ex : The leg of the table is terrible.
The legs of the table are terrible.

3.

Short Adj. est

One of the

Most + long Adj.

+ Noun(s/es)

V-S/es

( is/was)

+ ........

First, second...+ Adj

Ex: One of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls) is Mary. ( Mt trong nhng )
Mary is one of the nicest girls in my class/ of all (girls)

4. Cch dng there :


- There + be +( not )+ any + singular uncount noun/ plural noun
There is/was + ( not ) + any + danh t s t
There are/were ( not ) + any + danh t s nhiu
There has (not ) been + danh t s t
There have ( not ) been + danh t s nhiu

5. Cch dng neither v either


a. Neither + Noun + nor + Plural noun + Plural verb + O........
Ex: Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today.

b. Neither + Noun + nor + Singular noun + Singular verb + O........


Ex: Neither Jack nor Bill is going to the beach today.

c. Either + Noun + or + Plural noun + Plural verb + O........


Ex: Either John or his friends are going to the beach today.

d. Either + Noun + or + Singular noun + Singular verb + O........


Ex: Either Jack or Bill is going to the beach today.

6.

V-ing + N + Singular verb = Vs/es + O........( V-ing: Gerund as Subjects)


Ex: Writing many letters makes her happy.

7.

a. A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb (A number of=Many)


Ex: A number of students are going to the class picnic.

b. The number of + Plural noun + Singular verb ........


Ex: The number of days in a week is seven

8.

a. S (person) + need + to-infinitive + O........


Ex: His friend needs to learn English well

b. S (person) + need + someone + to-infinitive + O........


V- ING

c. S ( an inanimate object as S: Vt v tri, v gic) need +


Ex: The grass needs cutting or The grass needs tobe cut

to be + V 3/ED

d. S + Be + in need of + Noun ( be in need of = need )


Ex: He is in need of money

9. S + used to +V1

+ O......(thng thng: ch mt thi quan trong qu kh)

Ex: When he was young, he used to swim once a day. (past time habit)

10. a.

S + be + used to +Ving+ O...... ( quen vi, BE chia hin ti hoc qu kh l

ty v Ch t lun ch ngi)
Ex: Mary is used to reading books everyday.

b. S + be + used to + V1 . ( Khi Ch t ch vt - b ng , ngha l . c


dng .
c. S + get + used to +Ving+ O......(dn dn lm quen vi, t t quen vi....)
Ex: Mary gets used to swimming everyday.

11. Would rather ..... than .......: thch ...... hn


a. S + would rather + V1 + Noun + than + V1 / Noun.
Ex: Peter would rather drink Coca-Cola than orange juice.

Note: Hnh thc ph nh ca


- Would rather + V1 l Would rather not + V1

12. Prefer ........... to ...........: thch......hn........


a. S + prefer + Noun + to + Noun
Ex: He prefers football to tennis.

b. S + prefer + Ving + O + to + Ving + O


Ex: He prefers playing football to watching film.

13.

a. S + would like + to V1 + O. (would like: thch) = want to + V1


Ex: I would like to visit Japan.

b. S + would like + someone + to V1 + O.


= want + someone + to V1 + O
had better

14.

S+

ought to

+ V1 + O ...... (....nn lm nh li khuyn )

should
be supposed to

( had better had better not )

Ex: You should study harder now.

15. Cch dng ng t Must :


a. S + must + V1 ( nguyn mu khng chia) + O....... (........ phi......: no choice)
Ex: You must study tonight.

b. S + must + be + N....... (........ chc c l ......: not sure)


Ex: He must be a doctor.

c. S + must + be + V-ing ( .. chc c l ang )


Ex: She must be freezing now.
d. S + must have + V3/D + O.(....chc c l ....: mt kt lun hp l qu kh)
Ex: It must have rained last night. (It probably rained last night).

16. Cch dng ng t Have :


a. S + have + Noun phrase
Ex: He has a new car.
b. S + have to + V1 + O .......(......phi..... = must).
Ex: He has to call his insurance agent today.

c. S + have + V3/ed
Ex : He has done his homework for 15 minutes.

17.

S + be + different from + Noun S+ be the same as ..

Ex: Their teacher is different from ours.

18. Cch dng enough :


a. S + be + Adj + enough + for someone to + V1.......
Ex: It is not cold enough for you to wear a heavy jacket.

b. S + action verb + Adv-ly + enough + for someone to + V1.......


Ex: She speaks English quickly enough for me to catch up = understand.

c. S + V + enough + Noun..
Ex: Do you have enough sugar for the cake?.

19. Cch dng too :


a. S + be + too + Adj + for someone + to + V1....... ( .qu khng th )
b. S + action verb + too + Adv-ly + for someone to + V1.......

20. Cch dng so .. that v such that :


a. S + V + so + Adj/ Adv-ly + that + S + V.....( .....qu..... n ni.......)
Ex: The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.

Tnh t l ng t to be ng trc n
Trng t ch th cch l ng t thng ch hnh ng ng trc n

b. S + V + so + many/ few +plural count noun + that + S + V.......


S + V + so + much/ little +singular uncount noun + that + S + V.......
Ex: He had so many children that they formed his own baseball team.
Ex: The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

c. S + V + such + a/an +Adj + singular count noun + that + S + V....(...qu.. n ni....)


Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors

S + V + such +Adj + non- count noun + that + S + V......


Ex : This is such difficult homework that he never finishes it.

d. S + V + such +Adj + plural count noun + that + S + V......


Ex:

These are such difficult problems that he never finished them.

21. Cch dng because :


a. Because + S + V + O, S + V + O
Ex: Because there was a traffic jam, the students arrived late.

b. Because of = In light of = due to = thanks to + N/noun phrase, S + V + O....


Ex: The students arrived late because of the traffic jam.

22. Cch dng so that = in order that/ to = in order to :


a. S + V + ....+ so that/ in order that + S + V.....( ........)
Ex: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.

b. S + V + .... + to/ in order to + V1 +..... ( .in order for + someone to + V1)


Ex: He studied very hard to pass the test.

23.

S + be + scared of + Ving + O. = be afraid of ( e s .. )


Ex: She is scared of living on her own in such a big city.

24. a.

S + reminds + someone + of + Noun /Ving...... ( nhc nh ai v vic g )

Ex: That picture reminds me of the time when we loved each other.

b. S + reminds + someone + to + V1....... ( nhc nh ai lm vic g )


Ex : She reminds him to learn English.

c. S + reminds + someone + that + S + V . ( nhc nh ai rng )

25. a.

S + be aware of + Noun / Ving...... ( nhn thc c .. )

b. S + be aware of + Wh/H- words + S + V ..


c. S + be aware that + S + V .. ( Noun clause ) ( nhn thc rng . )

26.

S + accuse + Someone + of + Noun / Ving...... ( buc ti, t co ai . )

27. S + apologize to + Someone + for + Noun / Ving......


28.

( xin li ai v vic g )

It takes/took somebody + time + to infinitive ........ (Ai mt bao lu lm g....)

29. Time clause: Mnh trng t ch thi gian: p dng phng thc
cho cc mu cu di:
* The present time phi hp vi The present time ( Hin ti Hin ti )
* The future time phi hp vi The present time ( Tng lai Hin ti)
* The past time phi hp vi The past time ( Qu kh - Qu kh )
a. Since ( t khi )+ S + V2/ED + O ....., S + have/has + V3/ED + O.......
Khc vi : It + be + time + since + S + V2/ED.......( Since i khi c th b i)

b. When ( khi) + S + V2/ED + O ....., S + had + V3/ED + O....... ( ngoi had + V3/ed ra
cn dng V2/ed, was/were + V-ing )
c. As soon as ( ngay khi)/ Once(mt khi)+ S + have/has + V3/ED + O, S + will + V1 + ..
d. While + S + be + V-ing , S + be + V-ing / V2/ed
e. After + S + have/has + V3/ED , S + Vs/es or w ill + V1 .
Af ter + S + had + V3/ED , S + V2/ED
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f . B e f o r e S + Vs/es , S + have/has + V3/ED


Before + S + V2/ed , S + had + V3/ED

30.

It + be + the short Adj-est/ the most + long Adj + S + have/has + ever + V3/ED....

( .nht........ tng......... )
Ex : It is the most important thing he has ever done.

31. Noun Clause ( mnh danh t vi that ):


S + say/believe/know/rumour...(that) + S* + V.....
= It is said/believed/known/rumoured/reported that + S + V... Ngi ta ni/tin/n/bo co
rng....
- Hoc S* + be + said/.....+ tobe + a/an + adj + noun

32.

S + object / confess / look forward + to + noun phrase/ Ving ( phn i / th ti/

mong ch . )

33.

S + find / find out + that + S + V.....nhn thy rng......

34. S + happen + to-infinitive..........tnh c.............


35. It was not

until + time + that + S + V2/ED ..........mi cho n.........th....

It was not until + S + had + V3/ed + that + S + V2/ED

36.

The only/first/last ..+ Noun + who/which + V (usually V2/ED) + be + Noun....

The only/first/last ..+ Noun + to + V1 + O + be + Noun........ ( Active ) ( reduced )


The only/first/last + Noun + to + be V3/ed + O + be + Noun... ( Passive )( reduced )

37. S + spend/waste + time + Ving

+ ........ or Time + be spent + Ving

38. S + apologize to + Someone + for + keeping + someone + waiting. Xin li v ai


i

39. It + be + stupid = silly = foolish/shy/ careless / unfair + of + someone + to do + Sth.


Ai tht kh/ e thn/ bt cn / khng cng bng lm g............

40. S + be tire of = be bored with = be fed up with+ SO + Ving....Khng thch ai lm g


41. S + be + busy = busy with + Ving.......
42. S + find/found = make +

it + adj + to + V1 / Ving ......nhn thy tht............

43. S + see / watch+ someone/living things + V1/Ving.......


44. S + see/ watch + Something + V3/ED (by....)
45.

Let + someone + V1 + something


= allow/ permit + someone + to+ V1 + something ( cho php ai lm g . )

46.

a. S + know how to + V1 ( bit lm g )


b. S + learn to / how to + V1 ( hc cch lm g )
c. S + teach + SO. + how to + V1 ( dy ai lm g )
d. S + get/ learn + something + from + someone ( hc hi ci g t ai )
e. S + explain + something + to + someone ( gii thch ci g cho ai hiu )

47.

S + be + capable/ incapable + of + noun/ V_ING = be able/ unable + to + V1

48.

S + V + from + time/place...+ to + time/place

49.

S+ prevent = stop/ protect + someone + from + noun/ V_ING ( ngn chn/ bo v ai

khi ci g )

50. Quantity words + of + Adj. clause ( both of, most of, many of, much of, some of....)
EX : I read a number of articles. Most of them were very useful.
I read a number of articles, most of which were very useful.

51. Like Unlike + Noun/Noun Phrase, S + V + O. ( ging nh/ khng ging nh )


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S + not only + V +.......+ but also + V + ....... = not only .but as well.

52.

S + either + V +...... or + .......

/ ..neither .nor

S + V + .... + whether + S + V + ....+ or not


both .. and / between .and .

53.

S + V + ......+ without ( m khng cn . ) + Noun / Ving.

Ex : She cannot live without money.


Ex: I cannot stand her looking at me without closing her eyes.

54. 6 V TR NG CA TRNG T CH TH CCH TRONG 1 CU :


- Action Verbs + Adv-ly

Ex : I slept soundly.

- Action Verbs + O + Adv-ly

Ex: I pass the exam successfully.

- Adv-ly + Action Verbs + O

Ex : I successfully pass the exam.

- Auxiliary verb ( do/does/ did/ have .) + Adv-ly + main verb


Ex: have recently been
- Action Verbs + Adv-ly + Preposition (gii t ) Ex : think carefully of
- A/An..+ Adv-ly + Adj. + Noun

Ex: a very good student

55. CLAUSE WITH IT : Mnh vi It


a. IT + BE + ADJ + FOR SOMEONE + TO + V1
EX: It is important to be punctual for appointments.

b. IT TAKES/TOOK + SOMEONE + TIME PHRASE + TO + V1


EX: It takes him a long time to learn a language.

c. IT WAS IN + ADVERBIAL TIME + THAT + S + V + O (Noun clause)


EX: It was in 1959 that Alaska became a state.

d. IT WAS + PROPER NAME/ S. PRONOUN + who + V2/ed


EX: It was Jack who did most of the work
It was she who came to class with this news

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e. IT + BE + THE FIRST/SECOND.+ time + S + HAVE/HAS + V3/ED + O.


Ex: It is the first time I have seen you.

f.

IT + BE + TIME FOR ME/ YOU .. TO + V1

Ex: It is time for him to get married.

g. IT + BE SAID/BELIEVED. that S + V + O
Ex: It was said that he was a superman.

56. Cch dng Make


a. S + MAKE(S)/ FIND + IT + ADJ + FOR + SOMEONE + TO + V1

( Nhn thy

tht .. .. )

b. S + MAKE(S)/ DRIVE + SOMEONE + ADJ..... ( Khin, lm, chc ai .. )


c. S + MAKE(S) + SOMEONE + V1..... ( Khin, lm, chc ai .. )

57. INVERSIONS: O NG : tr ng t ng trc ch t


a. Not only/ No longer/ Not once/ At no time/ By no means/ Nowhere/ Never/ Seldom=
Rarely/Scarcely/ No sooner/Hardly/ + auxiliary verb + S + main Verb......

( Auxiliary

verbs : do/does/did . )
EX: Not once was he on time.

b. Only in (on, at, by,..) + noun phrase/Only once/Only recently + auxiliary verb + S +
main V...
EX: Only in an emergency should you use this exit.

c. Only if/Only because/Only until/Only when/Only after/ + S+V+O + aux.V+ S + main


V..
EX: Only when she is satisfied is the sale considered final ( o ng v sau )

d. So + Adj. or Participle (VING/ VED) + auxiliary verb + S + V......


EX: So rare is this coin that it belong in a museum.
So confusing was the map that we had to ask the police officer for directions.

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c bit lu 2 mu cu ny :
Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + O when S + V2/ed + O........
No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + O + than S + V2/ed + O........

58. PASSIVE VOICE : Cu b ng khi ch t ch vt


S (things) + Be + V3/ED ....By +..+ O
The + Noun ( things ) which + be + V3/ED + main verb
The + Noun ( Person ) who + be + V3/ED + main verb
* to be made to + V1

* be provided with + something

59. CAUSATIVE VERBS : ng khin, nh, mun ai lm g cho mnh


a. S + HAVE/HAS + SOMEONE + V1 (VERB IN SIMPLE FORM) + O. (ACTIVE)
Ex: Mary had John wash the car.
b. S + GET + SOMEONE + TO + V1 + O. (ACTIVE)
Ex: Mary got John to wash the car.
c. S + HAVE/HAS/GET + SOMETHING + V3/ED (PASSIVE)
Ex: Mary had the car washed by John.
d. S + MAKE + SOMEONE + V1 + O.........( BT AI LM G)
Ex: The robber made the seller give him the money
e. S + LET + SO + V1.......(.....CHO PHP.......) or Let S.O + not + V1
Ex: The teacher let the student leave class early.
= S + ALLOW/PERMIT + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1.......
f. S + WANT/NEED/FORCE + SOMEONE + TO/NOT TO + V1.......
g. S + HELP + + SOMEONE + V1..... OR TO + V1

60.

Cch dng feel : feel felt felt

a. S + feel like + V-ing/ Noun phrase


b. S + feel + Adj.
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61. Cch dng fall thng thy :

fall fell fallen

a. fall + preposition
b. fall asleep
c. fall in love with someone

62 .

Hundreds / Thoundsands / Millions/ Billions + OF + Noun -s/es + plural V

63. Cch dng allow :


a. S + allows/ allowed + someone + to + V1 + something. Cho php ai lm g ( c th )
b. S + allows/allowed + Ving + ....... cho php lm g ( cho php chung chung )
EX: The teacher allows speaking loudly in class.
c. S + BE (NOT) + ALLOWED + TO + V1.... Ngi no khng c php lm g
EX: He is not allowed to smoke here

64. INFINITIVES : V1
a. S + V + to V1 + O (infinitive as object of a verb)
EX: She forgot to read the directions.
She pretended to cry or She pretended not to know how to eat dog meat.
b. S + V + someone + to V1 + O
EX: I need you to learn English harder.
c. To V1 + O + singular V ......... ( infinitive as subject of a verb)
EX: To read the directions is important.
d. To/ in order to + V1 + O, S + V + O (Purpose)
EX: To learn how to cook, she took lessons.
e. It + Be + Adj + (for someone) to V1 (infinitive after to be + Adj.)
EX: It is important to read the directions.
f. S + be + the first/the only/ the last + person + to V1......... ( Active meaning )
EX: John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth.
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g. S + be + the first/the only/ the last + person + to be + V3/ed............( Passive meaning)


EX: Roberta was the first person to be asked to speak at the meeting.

65. GERUNDS WITH PREPOSITION


(in, on, at, about, with, without,...) + Ving
a. V-ing + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES (Simple present) + O. (Gerund as subject of a verb)
EX: Playing chess is enjoyable.
b. S + V + preposition +VING + Noun Phrase. (Gerund as Object of a Verb)
EX: He enjoy playing chess.
c. S + V + Noun + preposition + VING +Noun. (Gerund as Object of a Preposition)
EX: He passes the time by playing chess.
d. S + V + PREPOSITION + my /your/our/their/his/her/....+VING +.....
EX: We objected to her cutting class last week.
e. S + V + PREPOSITION + proper names +VING +.....
EX: We objected to Alices cutting class last week.
f. Ving + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES + O. Not + Ving + NOUN PHRASE + VS/ES + O.

Cch hnh thnh V-ing :


1. Gii t + VING
EX: Before going to school, he stoped by at his friend house.
By listening, he quickly picked up the language.

2.

Noun + preposition + V-ing :

- Choice of (la chn)/ Possibility of ( Kh nng)/ excuse for (xin li)/ reason for( l do)/ intention of (xu
hng)/ method for (of) (phng thc)
EX: She has no excuse for behaving in that matter.

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3. Be +Adj + Prep + VING


- Accustomed to (quen vi)/afraid of (s)/amazed at (ngc nhin)/interested in (quan tm)/ fond of
(thch)/tire of(chn) = be bored with = be fed up with/ tire from(mt)/ good at (gii v)/bad at (d
v)/successful in(thnh cng)/capable of (c th)/Busy with (bn rn)/excited about (hi hp)/ against/be
or get + used to/ keen on/ strong in/ weak at .
- EX: The chidren are excited about going on holiday.

4.

Verbs nht nh + Gii t + V-ing:

- Approved of: Chp thun

- think of = think about : Ngh v

- Give up: T b

- depend on = count on = rely on = base on = focus on

- Be better off: tt hn

= concentrate on: l thuc vo

- succeed in: thnh cng-

- Put off: Dp tt, tr hon

- insist on: ni n, i-

- Worry about: Lo lng v

5.

Gerund sau cc thnh ng c nh:

- Object to : phn i

- take to: quan tm

- Look forward to: mong ch, ngng mong

- confess to : th ti, th nhn

- Its no use: mt cng, khng c li

- cant help: Khng trnh khi, khng th khng

- Its worth: xng ng

- cant stand = cant bear: khng chu c

- keep on = go on = carry on: tip tc

= hate

- Its no worth: Khng xng ng

- cant resist: Khng th chng li

- There is no + VING

- what a nuisance...!: Phin qu

- Be busy: bn

- Its much use: rt c li

EX: We are looking forward to seeing you soon.

6.

Gerund sau cc ng t nht nh

- Admit: tha nhn

- delay: hon li

- practise: thc tp

- Miss: b l

- regret: ly lm tic

- resent: bc tc

- Risk: Liu lnh

- appreciate: hiu r, nhn thc

- finish: hon hnh

- Deny: ph nhn

- postpone: tr hon

- quit=stop: ngng

- Avoid: trnh xa

- enjoy = fancy: thch

- Resume: ginh li

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- consider: xem xt=involve: lin quan - recall: nh li, nhc nh

- try: c gng

- Mind: phn i, kh chu

- like/love

- dislike: Khng thch

- Detest=hate: ght, gh tm

- forgive: tha th

- mention: cp

- Pardon: tha li

- tolerate: khoan hng, tha th

- understand: hiu

- Recomend: gii thiu, dn d

- prevent from: ngn nga

- Defer: chu theo

- Imagine: tng tng

- Discuss:tho lun

- recollect: thu gom li

EX: He practises speaking English everyday.

7.

Gerund or infinitive after certain verb (Gerund hoc Infinitive sau cc ng t nht nh) sau:

- Begin=star: bt u

- like/love: thch, yu thng

- Cant stand=bear: khng th chu ng

- continue: tip tc
- prefer: thch hn

- Dread: lo s

- intend: d tnh

- Hate: ght

- *Stop: ngng

-*remember: nh

-*forget: qun

- Allow: cho php

- Agree: ng

- advise: Khuyn bo

- Dislike: khng thch

- Attemp: n lc=*try: c gng, th - Leave: ri i

- Mean: c ngha l

- Permit: cho php

- Regret: tic

- study: hc

- plan: d tr

-Propose: ngh - neglect: sao lng

* Tt c cc ng t phn 7 c dng 2 cch (Gerund & Infinitive) m ngha khng thay i,


ngoi tr 4 ng t stop/ remember/ forget / try ngha khc nhau
EX1: He started studying after dinner = He started to study after dinner: sau ba ti, anh y bt u hc.
EX2: She stopped studying English She stopped to study English
(C y khng hc ting anh na C y ngng lm mt iu g hc ting anh)
EX3: I remember locking the door before I left I remember to lock the door before I left
(ti kha ca ri by gi ti nh r vic ny Ti nh v vic kha ca trc khi i kha)
EX4: I tried helping her but she failed I tried to help her ( ti th gip b y ti c gip b y)
8. Gerund as a possessive adjective or noun:
EX1: Possesive Adj : Your being right doesnt mean my being wrong (Adj + Gerund)
EX2: Possesive noun: My fathers walking improves his health (Nouns Gerund)

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66. ADJ. CLAUSE: MNH TNH T Y


a. The + Noun (people) who + V +....+ main Verb......(sau Who l verb)
b. The + Noun (people) whom S + V +....+ main Verb......( sauWhom l mnh )
c. The + Noun (people) whose + Noun +

S + V +.... + main verb. (Whose Possessive)

The + Noun (people) whose + Noun + Be + V3/ed +....+ main verb ..

d. The + Noun (things) which + V + main Verb......(Which Subject)


In which where (it depends on the verb & preposition).
Every/ Each/ Some/ Any/All + Noun ( Everything/ Everyone/... ) + that + S + V + main Verb.
Every/ Each/ Some/ Any/ All+ Noun ( Everything/ Everyone/ .. ) + that + V + main Verb...
There is/was ( not ) much + that + S + V + main Verb.....

67. FULL ADVERB CLAUSES : MNH TRNG T


Cause: Because/Since + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Opposition (Contradary cause): Although =Though = Even though + S + V + O, S + V

= Despite = In spite of + Noun phrase/ V-ing


Contrast : While + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Condition : I f + S + V + O, S + V + O.

Unless + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Time: When/while/As/Since/Untill/Once/Before/After + S + V + O, S + V + O.
Lu : Khi dng mnh trng t ri th khng i km vi but. But ch c dng trong trng hp
nh sau : S + V + O, but + S + V + O.

68.REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES : M TRNG T RT GN


When/Although/....+

V3/ED

S + V + O.......... ( Reduced Adv. Clause)

V_ing

i khi rt gn dng adj. hoc 1 noun phrase


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Ex : When young, she used to fall.


Ex : After luch time, they keep talking about the matter.

69. NOUN CLAUSE: SUBJECT or OBJECT


a. SUBJECT: WH/H-WORDS + S + V +.... + VS/ES + O
Ex: What you want is unknown
* What, Where, Why, Who / How ., How + adj. ( How old . )
b. OBJECT: S + V + WH/H-WORDS + S + V +....
Ex: Nobody knows what you want.
c. WITH THAT: OBJECT

S+

Say , know, understand, think,

that + S + V + O (NOUN CLAUSE)

believe, hear, feel, rumor, realize

*(THE FACT/ THE EVENT/ THE REASON) + THAT + S + V + MAIN VERB +


(NOUN CLAUSE)
EX: The fact that she passes the exam is very important.

70. CONDITIONAL CLAUSES


CONDITIONAL CLAUSE :

iu kin c th thc hin c :


TNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION)

If + S + Vs/es + O, S + will + V1 + O.
Ex :

If he tries much more, he will improve his English.


If I have money, I will buy a new car.

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THI QUEN HIN TI (HABITUAL)

If + S + Vs/es + O, S + always/usually/often+ Vs/es + O.


Ex :

If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon.
I usually walk to school if I have enough time.

MNH LNH (COMMAND)

If + S + Vs/es + O, (please) + V1 + O
If + S + Vs/es + O, (please) don,t + V1
Ex:

If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.


Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

iu kin khng th thc hin c :


iu kin khng c thc hin ti :

If + S + V2/ed + O, S + would/could/should/ might + V1 + O.


Ex :

If I had enough money now, I would buy a tourist trip to the moon.
He would tell you about it if he were here.
If he didnt speak so quickly, you could understand him.
(He speaks very quicky)

(You cant understand him)

ng t to be phi chia l were tt c cc ngi.


If she were you, she wouldn't go to that movie.

iu kin khng c thc trong qu kh :


If + S + had +V3/ed + O, S + would/could/should/ might + have + V3/ed + O.
Ex : If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(We didnt know ...)

(We didnt write you a letter)

Rt gn If : Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Rt gn If :

Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.

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Lu : Cu iu kin khng phi lc no cng tun theo qui lut trn. Trong mt s trng hp c bit,
mt v ca iu kin l qu kh nhng v cn li c th hin ti (do thi gian qui nh).
If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.

71. Exclamative Sentence ( Cu cm thn ! )


What + a/an + adj + noun !
Ex:
What a lazy student!
What an interesting book!
Khi danh t s nhiu, khng dng a/an:
What beautiful flowers!
What tight shoes!
i vi danh t khng m c: what + adj + danh t !
What beautiful weather!

How + adj + S + V!
How cold it is!
How interesting that film is!
How well she sings!
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