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METHODOLOGY
Melting Point Determination
Capillary tubes were sealed first on one end by heating it
in a Bunsen burner.
Using reagent-contained capillary tubes about 5-6 mm in
height, it was subjected into the Thomas-Hoover melting
point apparatus (Fig 1). Melting point range determined by
two measurements: the temperature at which the reagent
starts to liquefy and the temperature at which the reagent
was completely liquefied.
Fig 1. Thomas-Hoover Melting Point Apparatus
REAGENTS: Benzoic acid, Benzoin, Fumaric acid, Maleic acid,
Naphthalene, Pure and Impure Urea, Salicylic acid, Silicone fluid
Boiling Point Determination
For the boiling point, micro method was used for
determining it. Micro method is shown in Fig 2. The capillary
tube is placed in a micro test tube containing 2-3 drops of
the reagent. Firmly attached is the thermometer beside the
test tube with a rubber band. Boiling point is determined by
two measurements: the temperature at which bubbles come
out of the capillary tube and the temperature at which the
liquid comes out of the capillary tube.
Fig 2. Micro Method
REAGENTS: 2-Butanone, Glycerol, n-Butanol, n-Hexane, n-Pentane, Propanoic Acid,
sec-Butanol, tert-Butanol
Salicylic Acid
Urea
156.5 deg C
131 deg C
Salicyclic
acid
can
form
two
intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Benzoin
Experiment 1 | Melting Point and Boiling Point of Organic Compounds
2
b. Geometric Isomers
COMPOUND
MELTING POINT
Maleic Acid
138 deg C
Fumaric Acid
200 deg C
Maleic acid and fumaric acid are two
geometrical isomer of butenedioic acid.
Here are their structures:
Maleic Acid
Fumaric Acid
II.
1-butanol
2-butanol
3-butanol
3
Branching, in the structure, makes the surface area smaller resulting to weaker
London dispersion forces then lowers the melting and boiling point.
With these factors, there is a varying melting and boiling points of organic
compounds since there are variety of structures of these compounds.
REFERENCES
http://www.chemicalforums.com/index.php?topic=25328.0. (n.d.).
Klein, D. Organic Chemstry. C&E Publishing, Inc.
Whitten, K. W., Davis, R. E., Peck, M. L., & Stanley, G. G. Chemistry. C&E Publishing,
Inc.