A FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT

OF

ALL INDIA SENIOR SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION
2015-16

SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
CENTRAL BOARD OF
HARSHIT PALIWAL
SECONDARY EDUCATION
12 th ,SCIENCE
Guided by

MR. H. SHUKLA
H.O.D. PHYSICS

Certific
ate

This is to certify that PHYSICS project entitled

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
has been successfully carried out by HARSHIT PALIWAL of
Class XII in partial fulfillment of curriculum of CENTRAL
BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION (CBSE)
leading to the award of annual examination of the year 20152016.

Signature of Internal

Signature of External

Examiner

Examiner

__________________

__________________

INDEX-

Acknowledgement
It is matter of great pleasure for me to present my
report on project entitled
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
I consider it a great privilege to express my deep sense
of gratitude to my Physics teacher Mr. H. Shukla for his
guidance, encouragement, assistance, stained & keen
interest during tenure of my project. Without his
motivation and help the successful completion of this
project would not have been possible.

-HARSHIT PALIWAL

OBJECTIVE-

TO ASSEMBLE AND EXPLAIN A FULL

WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT.
CIRCUIT

Apparatus:
AC Source (230V)
A Transformer (0V-6V)
Two P-N Junction Diode (IN4007)
Connecting wire
Load Resistance (22x102
Capacitor (420
A LED Bulb

F)

5%)

A FULL WAVE RECTIFIERRETIFICATIONRectification is the process in which an alternating

current is forced to only flow in one direction and it is
done using diodes since diodes could only allow current
to flow in one direction only.
A diode is an electrical device that permits current to flow
in one direction only.

A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an

ac voltage into a pulsating dc voltage using both half
cycles of the applied ac voltage. It uses two diodes of
which one conducts during one half cycle while the
other conducts during the other half cycle of the
applied. ac voltage.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONAC voltage to be rectified is connected to primary P 1P2

of a step down transformer.S1 S2 secondary coil of same
transformer . S1S2 are connected to p side of two diode
D1D2 and n side of p-n junction is connected to load
resistance RL .A low impedance capacitor C1 is
connected across output voltage . Output is taken across
the load resistance RL.

PRINCIPLEForward BiasA p-n junction is said to be forward biased if positive

terminal of external source is connected to p side and
negative terminal to n side of p-n junction.
As a result of Forward Bias the potential barrier (VB) get
reduced( VB-V) width of depletion layer decreases. Hence
the resistance of p-n junction is low to the flow of current
when forward biased.

Forward Characteristics-

Reverse biasA p-n junction is said to be reversed biased if negative

terminal of external source is connected to p side and
positive terminal to n side of p-n junction.
As a result of Reversed Bias the potential barrier (VB) get
increased( VB + V) width of depletion layer increased.
Hence the resistance of p-n junction is high to the flow of
current when Reversed Biased.

Reverse characteristics-

WORKINGDURING POSITIVE HALF OF INPUT ACDuring the positive half of input AC, on the account of
induction, S1 becomes positive and S2 becomes
negative, the junction diode D1 is forward biased so
resistance of D1 becomes low and the p-n junction D2 is
reversed biased so resistance of D2 becomes high, hence
the forward current flow on the account of majority
charge carriers of p-n junction diode D1.

DURING NEGATIVE HALF OF INPUT

ACDuring the negative half of input AC,on the of mutual
induction ,S1 becomes negative and S2 becomes positive
. Now the junction diode D1 is reverse biased so
resistance of p-n junction becomes high and junction
diode D2 is forward biased so resistance of p-n junction
becomes low hence the forward current flow on the
account of majority charge carrier of diode D2.

FILTER CIRCUITWe observe that during both the halves ,current through
R flows is in the same direction . The output signal
voltage is unidirectional having ripple content i.e. d.c.
component and a.c. component of voltage .It can be
made d.c. voltage by filtering through a filter circuit,
A single capacitor C of high value of capacitance
connected across the output of rectifier can serve the

purpose of filter circuit. The capacitance offered low

impedance to ac component .
XC=

1
wC

XC=

1
2 C

And offer infinite impedance to d.c. component .Due to it

the a.c. component is bye passed or filtered out. The d.c.
component is obstructed by C .It produces a voltage drop
across resistance RL as a filtered d.c. output which is
almost output d.c. voltage

INPUT AND OUTPUT WAVEFORMS-

APPLICATION1. It is used as Battery Elevator.

2. It is used in various electrical appliances such are:
a. T.V.
b. Tape Recorder
c. Walkman
d. Computers
e. Videogames

Precaution1. keep safe yourself from high voltage.

2. All the connection should be neat and clean and tight.
3. Forward bias voltage beyond breakdown should not
be applied
4.Reverse bias voltage beyond breakdown should not
be applied

BIBLOGRAPH
Y

S u p e r v is io n O f T e a c h e r

C o m p r e h e n s iv e

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