Fluid Mechanics AS102

Class Note No: 01

July 30, 2007

About Myself

Luoyi Tao; Office: 104; Phone: 4003

Email: luoyitao@ae.iitm.ac.in, luoyitao@iitm.ac.in

Chinese speaking English with heavy accent ...

First time teaching

Please STOP me if you have difficulty to understand me &

I will write on board & slides as much as I can

About Myself

Teaching philosophy:

Open minded, Equal & Interactive

Encourage questioning & Open to suggestions
Rewards Extra points to your grades

Encourage you to talk to each other

Entertainment? (from my side)

Confession:

Have NO answers to all of... !!

Have No answers to most of... ?
Do my best ! and Invite you to push & help

Grading Policy

Homework assignments & Tutorials, 20%

Two quizes, 20% each

Final exam, 40%

Plus the extra points

Homework assignments collected; Randomly select

problems to grade

Special Attention:

key concepts, to be identified, will be repeatedly tested in

the quizes and the final;
problems in assignments & tutorials will appear in the
quizes and the final, with slight modifications

Attendancy:
I (!) & you (?) follow the rules

Structure of Lectures

Lecture time: W 10:00-10:50; TH 9:00-9:50; F 8:00-8:50

Tutorial time: M 1:00-1:50 (?)

Assignment collected one week after

Office hour ?

Why Fluid Mechanics

Suspension bridge designs

The first Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge collapsed on

the 7th of November, 1940, at approximately 11:00 AM, due
to wind-induced vibrations (mechanical resonance,
torsional twisting mode). Total 1524m long with a main
span of 853m.

Why Fluid Mechanics

Figure: http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/Exhibits/Tacoma Narrows/

DSmith/photos.htm

Why Fluid Mechanics

Figure: http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/Exhibits/Tacoma Narrows/

DSmith/photos.htm

Why Fluid Mechanics

Figure: http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/Exhibits/Tacoma Narrows/

DSmith/photos.htm

Why Fluid Mechanics

Boeing 787 dreamliner design

Figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NW Boeing 787.jpg

Why Fluid Mechanics

Skyscraper designs

Figure: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/
empirestate1 skyscraper.html

Why Fluid Mechanics

Hurricanes tracking

Figure: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hurricane Katrina

August 28 2005 NASA.JPG

Why Fluid Mechanics

Clay Institute Millennium Prize on N-S equations (US $1

million)
Nash (?), Lions (?), ...

Turbulence modeling Chandrasekhar, Heisenberg,

Laudau, ..., put their hands on N-S ...

Opportunities waiting for YOU ...

Structure of the Course

Main Content: (roughly following the course syllabus)

Vector & Tensor Calculus

Cartesian tensors indicial notations and conventions

(economical in bookkeeping and operation)

Greens & Stokes theorem, divergence theorem of Gauss

Introduction to general curvilinear tensors

(understanding how to write the motion equations in
cylindrical and spherical coordinates...)

Structure of the Course

Main Content (ctd.):

Hydrostatics & Aerostatics

Stationary

Rigid body motion

Buoyant forces

Structure of the Course

Main Content (ctd.):

Basic concepts in describing fluid motion like

Eulerian & Lagrangian

Streamline, streakline, pathline

Kinematics

Structure of the Course

Main Content (ctd.):

Equations of Motion (for air and water & the like)

Conservation laws mass, linear momentum, angular

momentum, energy

2nd law of thermodynamics its role in constructing the

constitutive models (& selecting solutions)

Integral (global) and differential (local) forms

Inertial and non-inertial rotating frames

Inviscid & potential flows

Structure of the Course

Main Content (ctd.):

Bernoulli equation

derivation & applications

Flow examples like Couette flow, Hagen-poiseullie flow ...

(?) Sound wave and 1-D shock wave 1-D compressible

motion

(?) Boundary layer theory (flat plate)

Structure of the Course

Main Content (ctd.):

Dimensional analysis

The Rayleigh method

Buckingham Pi theorem

Similitude

Continuum Treatment

INTO the lecture NOW

What is a fluid (gas, liquid)?

shape determined by its confines?

(what about the effect of gravity on liquids?)

unable to resist shearing?

(what about the deformation of rocks during million years?)
(about scales)

Continuum Treatment
1st Restriction:
NOT deal with individual molecules & atoms in this course
WHY??

Interests Macro-scale motions such as

Air flow around an airplane

(Water or Air) Pipe flows (of large size)
Atmospheric & Oceanic motion, etc.,

where

enough number of molecules present

details of micro-scale motions not essential & collectively
accountable through temperature, pressure...
integral, differential equations of motion adequate
(continuum treatment)

Continuum Treatment

Micro, molecular picture. Air, 1020 /cm3 (under std)

Hamiltons equations:
dq
H dp
H
=
,
=
dt
p dt
q

Hamiltonian H = H(q,
p) =? (monatomic, diatomic; m-m,
m-w)
ICs?
Capacity in math & computers?

Continuum Treatment

Covered:
Fluids like air & water under normal conditions
Or Newtonian fluids (to be qualified later)

Not Covered:
Chemical reactions like combustion or in hypersonic flow;
Phase transitions;
Materials like blood, asphalt ...;
Heat or Mass transfer