Introduction

A number of factors affect the operation of a transformer. The resistance

and inductive reactance of the windings cause internal drops which vary
according to current flowing in the windings. If the secondary is lightly loaded,
the current through the winding resistances and reactance (impedance) is small,
as are the internal power losses. As the load increases, current and internal
power losses also increase.

The type of load placed in the secondary winding has a significant affect
on transformer regulation. If the load is resistive, the load current and voltage
are in-phase. This reduces the inductive phase angle of the secondary winding
voltage and current, tending to bring them more nearly into phase. The greater
the load the greater the resistive current and the similar the phase angle
between the secondary voltage and current. As the resistive load increases,
voltage decreases and current increases.

EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

Transformer trainer

Connection leads

PROCEDURE

1.

a) Using your transformer trainer: connect the circuit as shown in

the figure.

b) Turn on the power supply and adjust for exact 220v AC as

indicated by volt meter.

c) Place all of the Resistance Module switches in their open position

for zero load current.

d) Measure and record in table 1 the input current I1, the output I2
and the output voltage e2.

e) Adjust the load resistance Zl to 4400Ω. Make sure that the input
voltage remains at exactly 220v ac. Measure and record I1, I2
and E2

f) Repeat (d) for each of the value listed in table 1.

g) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the supply.

h) Draw a smooth regulation curve through your plotted points.

Label this curve “Resistive Load”.
 Zl I2 E2 I1

(ohms) (mAac) (Vac) (mAac)

-- 0 220 275

4400 50 218 315

2200 103 214 342

1467 150 212 367

1100 192 210 399

880 235 208 426

2.
 a) Calculate the transformer regulation using the no load and full load output
voltages from table 1.

V(nl) V(fl) Regulation

220 220 0%

220 218 0.92%

220 214 2.8%

220 212 3.77%

220 210 4.76%

220 208 5.77%

Result:

Part of exciting current is exciting current which is not transferred

to the secondary.

3.

a. Repeat Procedure 2 using the inductance module in place of the

resistance load.

b. Record your measurement in table 2.

Zl I2 E2 I1

(ohms) (mAac) (Vac) (mAac)

-- 0 221 292

4400 49 211 339

2200 99 220 342

1467 145 220 426

1100 195 218 475

880 238 218 515

c. Draw a smooth regulation curve through your plotted points.

4.

a) Repeat procedure using the capacitance module in place of the

resistance load.
 b) Record your measurement in table 3.

Zl I2 E2 I1

(ohms) (mAac) (Vac) (mAac)

-- 0 223 295

4400 41 224 262

2200 104 223 215

1467 145 224 192

1100 195 223 158

880 236 224 144

b) Draw a smooth regulation curve through your plotted points.