Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cotton Protein
This high-protein, palatable feed
ingredient comes from the cotton
plant and is available today
Species
Maximumtolerance,
ppm (FG)
Toxic Effects
Description
Reference
Channel Catfish
800
No adverse effects
for growth or blood
Yildrim-Aksoy
et al. (2004b)
Channel Catfish
336
Reduced growth
Barros et al.
(1984)
520
Reduced growth,
increased liver
gossypol level
Mbahinzireki
et al. (2001)
Juvenile Rainbow
Trout
250
Reduced growth,
increased liver
gossypol level
Roehm et al.
(1967)
Adult Rainbow
Trout
495
Normal growth,
lower hematocrit &
hemoglobin
Dabrowski et
al. (2000)
Rainbow Trout
232
Reduced growth
and reduced
hemoglobin
Dabrowski et
al. (2001)
Pacific White
Shrimp
1100
Reduced feed
intake, reduced
growth, high
mortality
Lim (1996)
Although best known for its use in textiles, the cotton plant
is increasingly valued for its seed, which is crushed for its oil
and sold into the food industry or fed whole as a premium feed
ingredient to high-producing dairy cows. In the ginning process,
the fluffy white fiber is removed, leaving behind a fuzzy, proteinrich cottonseed.
Proven highly palatable to aquatic animals in feeding trials,
cottonseed has great potential but its use has been limited due
to a naturally occurring toxin, gossypol, produced by the tiny
glands distributed throughout the cotton plant. Gossypol, a
defense mechanism designed by nature to discourage predation,
is toxic at some level for all animals, insects and microbes but
is tolerated well by ruminants. The primary mechanism of its
toxicity involves the binding of gossypol with the iron in red
blood cells, severely limiting the bloods ability to transport
oxygen.
Biotechnology now exists to turn off the production of
gossypol just in the seed, and Cotton Incorporated, a notfor-profit research and marketing company, is taking steps to
commercialize this ultra-low gossypol cotton variety. In the
meantime, two immediate opportunities exist for aquaculture to
tap the proven benefits of cottonseed as a fish meal replacement.
First, all cottonseed available today can be formulated to meet
some of the dietary needs of most aquaculture species. Second,
a naturally glandless variety of cottonseed discovered in the
1950s is currently being cultivated on an experimental basis on
about 150 acres in New Mexico, USA, providing the aquaculture
industry with a very limited supply of gossypol-free cotton
protein for research and evaluation. Increased demand for this
product could easily result in a rapid expansion in glandless
cotton acreage in New Mexico where low bug pressure allows it
to be successfully grown.
FEATURE
FEATURE
LEIBER BETA-S
EXCELLENT FOR FISH
G
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any Made in
REAL
BREWERSViking Pro
YEAST
in G e r m a n
y
M
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ad e
M
Beta-S
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M ade i n G e
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an
a
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Amino Acids
in G
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de
Fish Meal
Cottonseed
Meal
CSM as a %
of FM
Lysin
8.7
4.9
56%
Threonine
1.6
3.5
76%
Cystine
0.9
1.9
268%
Trytophan
1.3
1.5
115%
Valine
5.5
4.8
87%
Isoleucine
4.7
3.5
75%
Argininine
6.3
12.4
197%
Phenylalanine
4.4
5.9
134%
Tryosine
3.6
3.4
94%
Biertreber
Histidine
2.6
Beta-S
3 Plus
115%
Serine
4.4
4.6
104%
Alaninie
6.8
4.2
62%
Aspartic Acid
10
9.6
96%
Glutamic Acid
14.13
20.5
145%
Glycine
6.6
4.4
67%
Proline
4.3
93%
Leiber GmbH
Hafenstrae 24
49565 Bramsche
Germany
Tel. +49 (0)5461 9303-0
Fax +49 (0)5461 9303-29
www.leibergmbh.de
info@leibergmbh.de
24.08.15 12:07
FEATURE