Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANSI S2.42-1982
(ASA 46-1982)
Standards Secretariat
Acoustical Society of America
335 East45thStreet .
New York, New York 10017
W.
Standards
Manager
J.Calloway, Chairman,ASACOS
P. H. Maedel,Ir.,
sz
L. Wilber, ViceChairman, S3
R.Beyer,
T.
K. M. Eldred, chairman,
S12
W.
Melnick,
Treasurer,
ASA
Vice
Chairman,
S12
Executive Committee
S1 Representation
T. F. W. Embleton, Chairman, 57
Technical Committee
Representation
G . E. Winzer, Architectural
Acoustics
S2 Representation
P. H. Maedel, Ir., Chairman, S2
L. A. Abbagnaro, Engineering
Acoustics
S3 Representation
J. Tichy, Noise
J. A. Rooney, Physical Acoustics
L. Humes, Physiological and
Psychological Acoustics
S12 Representation
H. R. Silbiger, Speech
A S A *4b 8 2
0383440 0000023 2 W
ANSI S2.42-1982
(ASA 46-1982)
Standards Secretariat
Acoustical Society of America
335 East 45th Street
New York, New York 1O01 7
ABSTRACT
Thisstandardclassifies rotorsinto groups by their balancingrequirements as influenced by the rotors flexural stiffness and unbalancedistribution. Certain classes of
rotors may be balanced by normal or modified rigid rotor techniques. Other more
flexible rotors may require high-speed balancing. The fundamentals of flexible rotor
balancing are discussed as well as methods of assessment of final unbalance. Guidance is given on judging the final balance quality, however, this standard is not intended to serve as an acceptance specification for any rotor group. It is offered to
provide direction on how toavoid gross deficiencies or unattainable requirements.
Published by the American Institute of Physics for the Acoustical Society of America
i
- A S A *KYb 8 2
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0000024 4
This standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute as ANSI S2.42-1982 on 2
December 1982.
An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned
with its scope and provisions. An American
National Standard is intended as guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American
National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standard ornot, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are
subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions.
Caution Notice: An American National Standard may be revisedor withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National
ii
[This foreword is for information only, and is not a part of American National Standard Procedures for Balancing Flexible Rotors, S2.421982 (ASA Catalog No. 46-1982).]
This standard was developed by the International Organizationfor Standardization, IS0 Technical Committee
108 with considerable assistance from the American National Standards Institute Committee S2. The work of
ANSI Committee S2 was performed under the secretariat of the Acoustical
Society of America. This standardis
the American counterpart of IS0 5406 The Mechanical Balancing of Flexible Rotors. Future editions of this
standard are expected to incorporate features from IS0 5343 Criteria for Evaluating Flexible Rotor Balance.
American National Standards S2, which participated in the development of this standard, has
scope:
the following
Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology, in the fields of mechanical shock and vibration, but
excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort.
This standard was processed and approved for publication by the Acoustical Society of America following
approval by American-National Standards Committee S2.
At the time this standard was submitted to Standards Committee S2 for approval, the membership
follows:
S . Feldman, Vice-chairman
Brenig,
A.
A. O. Sykes
H. E. von Gierke
K. M. Eldred
S. Feldman
iii
Secretary
wasas
Working GroupS2-65, Balancing Technology, which assisted in the development ofthis standard for S2, is the
American counterpart of ISO/TC 1 OS/SCl /WC2 on Balancing Criteria for Flexible Rotors. It had the following
membership:
W. E. Howard, Chairman
A. Brenig
M. Csovmay
J. Eustis
W. Faggerstrom
S. Feldman
P. Maedel
D. Muster
N. F. Rieger
D. G. Stadelbauer
D. Walker
G: R. Norris
Suggestions for improvements in this standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America, 335 East 45th Street, New York, New York 10017.
CONTENTS
O
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................
3 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................
2
4
CLASSIFICATION ..................................................................................................................................
19
APPENDICES
..................................
19
21
21
25
25
FIGURES
FIG. 1. Centrifugal force acting onan elementary slice of a short rotating about its midpoint ....................
.
FIG. 3 . Possible damped second mode shape ...........................................................................................
FIG 2 . Typical mode shapes for flexible rotors on flexible supports ..........................................................
2
3
4
22
. .
24
25
25
26
TABLES
TABLE I . Classification of rotors.................................................................................................................
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O INTRODUCTION
This American National Standard classifies rotors
into groups in accordance with their balancing requirements, specifies methods of assessment of final
unbalance, and gives initial guidance of fina balance
quality criteria.
2 REFERENCES
IS0 1925-1981-Balancing-Vocabulary.
ANSI S2.19-1975-Balance Quality of Rotating Rigid
Bodies.
IS0 2953-1975-Balancing
Machines-Description
and Evaluation, in Preparation.
As the next stage in the development of these balance quality grades, the criteria for evaluating the unbalance of flexible rotors will be further described in
an addendum to this American National Standard.
3 DEFINITIONS
As this American National Standard is complementary in many detailsto ANSI S2.19-1975 BalanceQuality of Rotating Rigid Bodies it is recommended that,
where applicable,the two should be consideredtogether.
NOTES:
(1) The foundation may be fixed in space or may undergo a motion that provides excitation for the supporfed system.
(2) In the context of the balancing and vibration of rotating machines, the term foundation is usually applied to the heavy base
structure on which the whole machine is mounted.
U, = J ' u n M " ( z ) d z ,
where 4, (z) is the mode function.
3.12 equivalent nth modalunbalance: The miniequivalent to the nthmodmum single unbalance U,,,
al unbalance in its effect upon the nth principal mode
of the deflection configuration.
NOTES:
'
mew2
A S A *4b 8 2
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ANSI S2.42-1982
point along the rotor depends on the bending deflection of the rotor at that point.
The correction of unbalance in axial planes along
the rotor other than those in which the unbalance occurs may induce vibrations at speeds other than thatat
which the rotor was originally corrected. In many circumstances the vibrations may exceed specified tolerances, particularly at critical speeds.
Rotors which become heated during operation are
susceptible to thermal distortions which can lead to
variations in the unbalance.
(c)Residual unbalance.
In all cases in which it is necessary to reduce the uni
balance forces, this is usually achieved by attaching a
suitable axial distribution of correction masses along
the shaft. It is not practical, and indeed not necessary,
to balance the shaft exactly (that is to make e zero at
all cross sectionsalong the shaft), so that there will invariable be some residual unbalance distributed along
the shaft.
a) Typical rotor
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6
m 0383440 0000034
(a) Rotors in which the axial distribution of unbalance is known (classes 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d); also
class 2e in which the axial distribution is partly
known);
(b) Rotors in which the axial distribution of unbalance is not known(class2f,2g, and 2h).
The subdivision of class 2 rotors shows the many reasons why rotors can often by balanced satisfactorilyat
rect the
Over the speed
range' If this
low
speed as rigid rotors even though they are flexible.
reached it is not necessary that the modal shapes or
Some rotors will fit into more than one categoryof the
natural frequencies should be the same when balancing
division.
and when the rotor is running in situ.
5.3 Class 3 is subdivided (see TableI) because the balrequirements
When
two
each
supported in its ancing techniques, criteria, and bearing
own bearings, are coupled together, provided the cou- my differ substantially for different rotors,
pling does not form a significant overhung mass on either rotor by comparison with the rotor mass, it is 5.4 A subdivision of class 4 rotors is indicated in 7.4.
probable that each rotor may be balanced separatelyas
an independent rotor.
6 FACTORS GOVERNING THE
CLASSIFICATION OF CLASS 2 ROTORS
5 6.1
CLASSIFCCATION
General
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ANSI S2.42-1982
class of rotor
Description
Example
A rotor whoseunbalancecan
be corrected in
any two (arbitrarily selected)planes so that,
after that correction, its unbalancedoes not
change' significantly at any
speed
up to
maximum service speed.
Class 1
(rigid rotors)
Gear wheel
I
Class 2
(quasi-rigidrotor)
rigid but
that
can be
balanced
using modified rigid rotor
balancing techniques.
A rotor
with
a
single
transverse
plane
of
unbalance, for example a single mass on a light
flexible shaft whose
unbalance
can
be
neglected.
Clau 2a
Grinding wheel
A rotor with twotransverse planes of unbarance
for example two masses on a light shaft whose
unbalance can be neglected.
Clas 2b
Compressor rotor
Clau I d
A rotorwithuniformly
unbalance.
or linearly varying
Clau 2e
Exemple
Description
A-symmetrical rotor with two end correction
planesand a central correction plane:whose
maximum speed
does
not significantly
approachsecond critical speedand which has
a controlled initial unbalance.
I
CI- 2h
Cl-
(flexible rotors)
Cl= 3a
I
Class 3c
Class 4
CIm5
ASA *4b 82
0181440 0000037 2
ANSI S2.42-1982
It is important, if this method is adopted, to ensure that the balance of the parts of the rotor
already treated is not changed by the addition of
successive components.
In some cases it may be possible to add more
than one component at a time. Alternatively, in
form a short
caseswhereseveralcomponents
stif unit or sub-assembly or core section of the
complete rotor; it is permissibleto treat this unit
as a single component and to balance the rotor,
after mounting the complete unit, by correction
to the unit itself at or near its ends.
(c) Where a rotor contains individual components
that are mounted concentrically as a set (for example,. turbine blades,couplingbolts,pole
pieces, etc.) it is desirable that these be carefully
selected and assembledso that their resultant
unbalance is within the specified tolerance.
NOTE In the caseof turbine blades, it maybe necessary toconsider the blade mass moment(massxradius)rather than its weight.
It should be noted that a rotor that is balancedsatisfactorily for a given service speed range maystill experience excessive vibration if it has to run through a
critical speed in order to reach this service speed.
6.5 Initial Balance
As the process of balancing a flexible rotor in a lowspeed balancing machine is essentially a compromise,
it follows that theinitial unbalance is a major factor in
predicting the degree of final modal unbalance that
can be expected.
The maximum initial unbalance that can be tolerated will be dependent on the allowable bearing loads
and the detailed characteristics of the rotor, and may
ASA *4b
IO
BALANCING PROCEDURES
7.1 General
7
However,where the axiallocationsof the unbalances are not known it is often possibleto achieve an
acceptable state of balance usinga low-speed baiancing
machine by controlling the initial unbalance of the rotor (Le., beforefinalbalancing) during manufacture
and assembly.Theseprocedures
are dealt within
7.2.6, 7.2.7, and 7.2.8.
On the other hand, rotors that do not fulfill all the
conditions for rigid or for class 2 flexible rotors as described in this American National Standard may require methods of balancing other than those that are
possible in a low-speed balancing machine. These are
dealth with in 7.3 to 7.5.
Class 2 Rotors
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ANSI S2.42-1982
11
If the unbalance in the rotor is kn0wn to be contained wholly within a substantially rigid section of the
rotor and
the
balancing
is
carried out also
within
this
section, then the unbalance will be zero in all modes.
Such a rotor that has a rigid core and flexibility derived solely from flexible shafts can be balanced on a
low-speed balancing machine provided the unbalance
corrections are carried out at correction planes located
within the rigid core section of the rotor,
A S A *46 82
m 0181440 0000040
12
rotor may be balanced on a low-speed balancing machine as a rigid rotor, correcting a portion of the initial
unbalance at the central plane and the remainder at
the two end planes.
NOTE Experience
has
shown
that
unbalance
corrections
between 30% and 60% of the initial static unbalance should be located in the central plane.
7.3
7.3.1General
Various procedures can be applied to rotors in this
class and three procedures are outlined for guidance.
It is emphasizedthat only the principles of the techniques are described below and that they may require
somerefinementinpractice.
All three methodswill
balance a class 3 rotor but for a particular rotor one
method may prove to be more advantageous than another.
Most of the possible methods of balancing class 3
rotors depend onthe fact that the deflection of the rotor is the sum of the deflection components inits principal modes and that the distribution of the local center of \gravity displacementcan be similarly expressed
in terms of modal components. The vibration in each
mode is caused by the corresponding modal components of unbalance. If the modal components of unbalance are corrected in ways described it is possible to
achieve smooth runningof the rotor up to any desired
service speed.
For balancing purposes, the rotor can be mounted
on any suitable bearings. If however, the bearings are
chosen so that the support conditions simulate those
on site, then it is possiblethat the degree of subsequent
on-sitebalancingrequiredwill
duced.
besignificantlyre-
Transducers arepositioned to measured shaft, bearing or support vibration, or bearing force,as appropriate to the application. The transducer should be capableofmeasuring
theamplitude of the once-perrevolution component of the signal together with the
phase angle relative to some fixed but arbitrarily selected angular reference on the rotor. Alternatively, it
is possible. to use a measuring system which resolves
the synchronous vibration into X and Y components.
It is desirablethat the transducers should be of
such
a type that they do not undergo resonant vibration of
their own or their suspension at any test speed.
If the rotor to be balanced has an overhang of significant mass that would normally be supported when
installed on site; it may be desirable to provide an additional bearing to support it during the balancing operation.
A S A *4b 8 2
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ANSI S2.42-1982
m
13
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..o,.
7.3.4.4 Select suitable balancing speedsml, oz.
NOTE: It may be necessary to conduct a balancing operationat
only the lower speeds before the higher speeds are attainable.
n transducers for each of the m speeds. Let the vibration at the ith transducer for the speed wk be b, (K).
7.3.4.6 Attach a trial mass of known magnitudem,,at
a knownradius rl in correction plane 1 at a knownori-
m shaft speeds, so that p = m X n). Select also q prescribed correction planes. The minimum valueof q depends on the objectives of the particular balance problem being handled.
ASA *4b 8 2
0181440 0000043 8
ANSI S2.42-1982
binations recommended for the modal balancing techniques of methods 1 and 2 (see 7.3.2 and 7.3.3).
15
NOTE It may be possible to minimize or counterbalance the effects of the flexible components by careful
design and by attentionto
their locations, but it shouldbe appreciated that rotors in this class
are likelyto be in balance at one speed
only or within a limited range
of speed.
The purpose of this section is to specify the environmental conditions and methods of test for the evaluation of the final state of unbalance of a rotor.
8.1 General
Rotors fitted to machine or engines in quantity production where, as is usually the case, the product undergoes some developmentor proving tests before the
production run, will in general have the methods and
standard of balance checked and evaluated during the
development stage.
Such rotors will have unbalance tolerances set initiallyonpastexperience.
During the development
stage it will becomeapparent whether these tolerances
NOTES:
(1) If the journal supportedby the steady bearingis offset dueto
a permanent bend in the shaft, unbalance simulating forces may be
set up. This could lead to an error in the final balance of the rotor.
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ANSI S2.42-1982
8.4.1 Installation
In cases where the modal shapes of the rotor depend significantly on the dynamic properties of the
supports, the rotor should have supports whose dynamic properties as nearly as possible represent those of
site conditions.
When special purpose balancing machine pedestals
that have variable resonances are used, they must be
locked in one particular state of adjustment throughout the test.
If the rotor has an overhung mass that would normally be supported when installed on site, a steady
bearing may be used to support it during the test. In
some cases it may be acceptable to measure the unbalance without having the overhung mass fitted and to
measure the balance of this separately on a suitable
mandrel.
If the rotor has an overhung mass that is not supported in any way when installed on site, it must be
left unsupported during the test.
Two vibration transducers shall be installed on each
bearing pedestal90" apart on the same transverse plane
to permit resolution of the vertical and horizontal
transverse vibrations.
17
NOTE To establish thaf the coupling is introducingno unwanted unbalance forces, the coupling shouldbe turned through 180" in
relation fo therotorandtheeffectnoted,assuggestedinANSI
S2.19-1975-Balance Quality of Rotating Rigid Bodies..
8.4.2 Procedure
When the above conditions have been satisfied, the
rotor should be run up to speed at anacceleration that
ensures that no peaks of vibration are suppressed. All
significantpeaks of vibrations should bemeasured
between 70% of the observed first critical speed and
maximum service speed.
The rotor should be heldat maximum service speed
for at least two minutes and vibration.
At the conclusion of the test at maximum service
speed the rotor should be run toa specified overspeed,
if demanded by the specification.
NOTES
(1) The overspeed to be attained will depend upon the overall test
specification for the particular typeof rotor. Where no specification
exists, agreement should be reached between the manufacturer and
the purchaser.
(2) In some cases, final overspeeding is forbidden.
The rotor should then be decelerated and measurements of synchronous vibration should be taken at decrements of speed of not more than 5% of full speed
between the maximum service speed and 70% of the
first critical speed. In addition, all peaks of total vibration should be noted. During the test the rateof deceleration should not be greater than therate of acceleration.
If desired, the above tests may be taken only to full
speed and an initial run made for the full overspeed
assessment. If this method is adopted then the first run
should be as follows:
18
readings have become reasonably steadyand vibration readings have been recorded.
If the rotor is assessed in a balancing machine having its own instrumentation this should beused
throughout the test.
If the rotor is assessed in an overspeed or similar
facility, the instrumentation and general installation of
the rotor into the facility should be as stated in 8.4.
When the above conditions have been met, the rotor should be run at each balancing speed inturn and
readings taken of the amplitude and angular position
of the unbalance remaining in each correction plane
relevant to each speed.
If requested by the customer the rotor maybe
checked by a similar methodto that referred to in 8.3.
The check should be carried out for each balancing
speed.
the
prime mover is a direct to line start induction motor, it may be impossible to control the speed of rota-
ASA *qb 8 2
0181qqO 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 75
ANSI S2.42-T982
bereadon
equipment that isable to differentiate
between thefundamental component and theharmonics of the vibration.
19
I
The required p vibration amplitudes b and vibration phase angles il are obtained by the procedure
described in 7.3.4. These are stored in the( b ] vector in
accordance with the relations:
r)
r)
Il
6, = r,
+ is,,
i.e.
where
i==-.
The influencecoefficients
expression:
arecomputedfromthe
(1)
(11
.....a
a...
12
lq
(1)
(1)
a
........a
22
whereis
a complex quantity of dimensions(massx length) which representsthe correction factor in the
jth plane, its radius of attachement andits orientation
around the rotor.
29
..........
(1)
(1)
n2
nq
a........a
(2) (2)
......a
a..
12
(matrix of order
q X q for inversion).
lq
........
(2)
(4
n2
nq
a........a
..........
(ml
a
(ml
........a
n2
nq-
corrections are
Cj = gj + ihj
= Cjexpiu,
where
G = (&+
The required balance corrections [C] are found by inverting the (A ) matrix (which must be square, nonsingular, and for good results preferably well-conditioned) as follows:
cj
tan
= hj/gj,
is the magnitude of the required balance correction
in the jth plane and lj is the angular position of
from the angular reference location.
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ANSI S2.42-1982
21
B.l Introduction
The running quality of multi-span rotor systems, of
which the most frequently encountered example is the
large steam turbine generator unit, may sometimes be
improved at site, as far as synchronous vibrations are
concerned, by the application of correction masses at
suitable points along the line of coupled rotors.
Before undertaking such operations, due consideration should be given to the possibility that factors other than unbalance are influencing the levels of synchronous vibrations of the machine. Such factors,
which are not necessarily best corrected by the addition of balance masses,include those mentioned below.
Some other factors which may cause vibrations at
other than synchronous frequency are mentioned in
B.4 and B.5.
C.l Introduction
C.l.l It may be possibleto balance a flexible rotor satisfactorily by low-speed balancing if the initial unbalance in the rotor due to manufacture and assembly is
22
controlled. The effect of residual unbalance in a flexible rotor which has been balanced in this way varies
with speed, due partially to the presence of initial unbalance not situated in the axial planes of the corrections applied at low speed. The amount of initial balance which can be corrected in this way will depend
on the h a 1 unbalance limit.
d2e1+(1+a-crR2)e,
(1 +a)(l-RZ)
FIG. C2.Unbalance
forces.
O L B L 4 4 0 000005L 7 M
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.ANSI S2.42-1982
23
C.3.1 Principle
The basis of this method is the balancing recommendation of ANSI S2.19-1975Balance Quality of
Rotating Rigid Bodies are acceptable for rotors running up to 80% of first critical speed. To determine the
maximum permissible initial unbalance for a particular flexible rotor, consider an equivalent rigid rotor
which is called the datum rotor and calculate the
bearing loads for the datum rotor at 80% of its first
critical speed when balanced to the required quality
grade in accordance with ANSI S2.19-1975-Balance
Quality of Rotating Rigid Bodies. The initial unbalance rotating of the flexible rotor is then limited so
that the bearing loads of the rotor after balancing are
no greater than those calculated for the datum rotor.
C.3.3 Estimation
a = 1,
NOTES:
A = 0.8,
e,/e, = 10,
and each bearing load = 5.38 Mw2e,.
Thus to keep the bearing load (as given in C.2.2) of
any flexible rotor within this limit we require:
E,
9.76(1-A2)(1 +a)- A 2
aA
-G
(1) This analysis ignores dampingand therefore produces a situation at the first critical speed whereno initial unbalancecan be tolerated. This is a theoretical condition and would notbe met in practice. It should be appreciated thatthe calculations are related to the
condition atthe running speed andin no way guarantee that therotor will be capable of passing through the critical speed without excessive vibration.
(2) This method has been simplified by putting the residual unbalance tolerance fr the flexible rotor equalto that derived for the
datumrigidrotorfoundfrom
Fig. 2 in ANSI S2.19-Balance
Quality of Rotating Rigid Bodies.
a =
= 0.2
40
a = 0.2
30
e1
e2
20
10
0.5
1.o
1.5
Rotor speed
2.0
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0383440 0000053 O
ANSI S2.42-1982
25
APPENDIX D: A METHOD OF
COMPUTATION OF UNBALANCE
U,&
I
c1
KAK,
4(4
FIG. Dl. The vectorial effect of a calibrating weight.
U,U,U,
constants.
Initial unbalances
measured at the left
and right correction planes on alowspeed balancing machine.
Rotor length (bearing span).
Distance of left and right correction
planes(measuringplanes)fromeach
bearing.
Stiffness
of bearings A and B (generally
different).
Deflection of rotor/bearing system
in
first mode.
Unbalance corrections to be
applied at
the three balancing
planes
at
z, = {I; .z,= I,; z, = (I - { I ) , respectively.
A S A *4b 8 2
m 0383440 0000054 2 m
26
H=
central correction
initial static unbalance
+ B ( d l )+ C sin(nz/Z ),
H=
U, =H(UL
+ UR)
(E31
U,=UR(1-H/2)R
(E41
UR - p(uR U,)
are satisfied. It should be noted that U,, UR, U,,U,,
and U, are vectors, and the determination of U,, U,,
and U, must be carried out using a vector diagram, as
in Fig. E2(b).
.
I
0
0
5,
The value ofH is obtainedfrom the position of correction planes 1and 3; i.e., from [I, using Eq. (El).The
knownvector UR and UL [seeFig.E2(a)] are then
constructed to define the direction of U, which is in
the same direction as (U, + UR), The value U, is
found from Eq. (E3).
The values of U, and U, are the found in accoras shown in Fig.
dance with expressions (E2)and (H),
E2(b).
E.3.2 The expression forthe determination of H is presented graphicallyin Fig. E3 from whichit can be seen
that [H = 0.641 for { = O, Le., for correction planes adjacent to the bearings.
It is also to be noted that H becomes zero when
that in this case the center
plane is not required and this position of the end correction planes isthe optimum for two-plane balancing. -
H=
central correction
initial static unbalance
NOTES
27
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NOTES
A S A *4b 8 2
0383440 0000057 8 9
NOTES
29
If you wishto have further informationon the Standards Publication Program of theAcoustical Societyof America, address your inquiries to
Standards Manager
Standards Secretariat
Acoustical Society of America
335 East 45th Street
New York, New York 10017
Telephone: (212) 661-9404
A S A *:4b 82
0181440 0000057 L
'
Officers 1982-1983
David T. Blackstock, President
Applied Research
Laboratories
University of Texas
P.O. Box 8029
Austin, Texas 7871 2
Department of Physics
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island 0291 2
Betty H. Goodfriend,
Administrative Secretary
Acoustical Societyof America
335 East 45 Street
New York, New York 1O017
Telephone: (21 2)661 -9404
David M. Green
David Lubman
Laboratory of Psychophysics
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts 021 38
Katherine S. Harris
Department of Speech and
Hearing Sciences
City University of New York
Graduate Center
33 West 42 Street
New York, New York 10036
Mauro Pierucci
I
Herman Medwin
Department of Physics
U.S. Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California 93940
Lawrence R. Rabiner
Room 20-533
Bell Laboratories
Murray Hill, New Jersey07974
Juergen Tonndorf
College of Physicians and Surgeons
Columbia Universitv
630 West 168 Stre&
New York, New York 10032
JozefJ. Zwislocki
Institute
for
Sensory
Research
Syracuse University
Merrill Lane
Syracuse,. New York 13210
Architectural Acoustics
Hughes Aircraft
Ground Systems Group
Bldg. 618, MS P415
Fullerton, california 92634
Engineering Acoustics
Dept. of Aero. and Engrg. Mechanics
San Diego State University
San Diego, California 921 82
William M. Hartmann
Musical Acoustics
Physics Dept.
Michigan State University
East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Larry H. Royster
Noise
1217 BR Hall
MAE Department
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina 27650
Walter G.Mayer
Physical Acoustics
Dept. of Physics
Georgetown University
Washington, D. C. 20057
Joseph E. Hind
Psychological and Physiological Acoustics
Dept. of Neurophysiology
Univ. of Wisconsin Medical School
1300 University Avenue
Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Wayne T. Reader
Shock and Whation
David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center
Bethesda, Maryland 20084
Edward P. Neuburg
Speech Communication
National Security Agency(R51
Fort Meade, Maryland 20755
William A. Kuperman
Underwater Acoustics
Naval Ocean R&D Activity
NSTL Station, Mississippi 39529.